1 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 -- Module : Control.Monad.ST.Lazy
4 -- Copyright : (c) The University of Glasgow 2001
5 -- License : BSD-style (see the file libraries/base/LICENSE)
7 -- Maintainer : libraries@haskell.org
8 -- Stability : provisional
9 -- Portability : non-portable (requires universal quantification for runST)
11 -- This module presents an identical interface to "Control.Monad.ST",
12 -- except that the monad delays evaluation of state operations until
13 -- a value depending on them is required.
15 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
17 module Control.Monad.ST.Lazy (
23 -- * Converting between strict and lazy 'ST'
24 strictToLazyST, lazyToStrictST,
26 -- * Converting 'ST' To 'IO'
30 -- * Unsafe operations
37 import Control.Monad.Fix
39 import Control.Monad.ST (RealWorld)
40 import qualified Control.Monad.ST as ST
42 #ifdef __GLASGOW_HASKELL__
43 import qualified GHC.ST
52 #ifdef __GLASGOW_HASKELL__
53 -- | The lazy state-transformer monad.
54 -- A computation of type @'ST' s a@ transforms an internal state indexed
55 -- by @s@, and returns a value of type @a@.
56 -- The @s@ parameter is either
58 -- * an unstantiated type variable (inside invocations of 'runST'), or
60 -- * 'RealWorld' (inside invocations of 'stToIO').
62 -- It serves to keep the internal states of different invocations of
63 -- 'runST' separate from each other and from invocations of 'stToIO'.
65 -- The '>>=' and '>>' operations are not strict in the state. For example,
67 -- @'runST' (writeSTRef _|_ v >>= readSTRef _|_ >> return 2) = 2@
68 newtype ST s a = ST (State s -> (a, State s))
69 data State s = S# (State# s)
71 instance Functor (ST s) where
72 fmap f m = ST $ \ s ->
79 instance Monad (ST s) where
81 return a = ST $ \ s -> (a,s)
82 m >> k = m >>= \ _ -> k
93 {-# NOINLINE runST #-}
94 -- | Return the value computed by a state transformer computation.
95 -- The @forall@ ensures that the internal state used by the 'ST'
96 -- computation is inaccessible to the rest of the program.
97 runST :: (forall s. ST s a) -> a
98 runST st = case st of ST the_st -> let (r,_) = the_st (S# realWorld#) in r
100 -- | Allow the result of a state transformer computation to be used (lazily)
101 -- inside the computation.
102 -- Note that if @f@ is strict, @'fixST' f = _|_@.
103 fixST :: (a -> ST s a) -> ST s a
112 instance MonadFix (ST s) where
115 -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
118 #ifdef __GLASGOW_HASKELL__
120 Convert a strict 'ST' computation into a lazy one. The strict state
121 thread passed to 'strictToLazyST' is not performed until the result of
122 the lazy state thread it returns is demanded.
124 strictToLazyST :: ST.ST s a -> ST s a
125 strictToLazyST m = ST $ \s ->
127 pr = case s of { S# s# -> GHC.ST.liftST m s# }
128 r = case pr of { GHC.ST.STret _ v -> v }
129 s' = case pr of { GHC.ST.STret s2# _ -> S# s2# }
134 Convert a lazy 'ST' computation into a strict one.
136 lazyToStrictST :: ST s a -> ST.ST s a
137 lazyToStrictST (ST m) = GHC.ST.ST $ \s ->
138 case (m (S# s)) of (a, S# s') -> (# s', a #)
140 unsafeInterleaveST :: ST s a -> ST s a
141 unsafeInterleaveST = strictToLazyST . ST.unsafeInterleaveST . lazyToStrictST
144 unsafeIOToST :: IO a -> ST s a
145 unsafeIOToST = strictToLazyST . ST.unsafeIOToST
147 -- | A monad transformer embedding lazy state transformers in the 'IO'
148 -- monad. The 'RealWorld' parameter indicates that the internal state
149 -- used by the 'ST' computation is a special one supplied by the 'IO'
150 -- monad, and thus distinct from those used by invocations of 'runST'.
151 stToIO :: ST RealWorld a -> IO a
152 stToIO = ST.stToIO . lazyToStrictST