1 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 -- Module : Control.Monad.ST.Lazy
4 -- Copyright : (c) The University of Glasgow 2001
5 -- License : BSD-style (see the file libraries/base/LICENSE)
7 -- Maintainer : libraries@haskell.org
8 -- Stability : provisional
9 -- Portability : non-portable (requires universal quantification for runST)
11 -- This module presents an identical interface to "Control.Monad.ST",
12 -- but the underlying implementation of the state thread is /lazy/ (in
13 -- the sense that (@_|_ >> a@ is not necessarily equal to @_|_@).
15 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
17 module Control.Monad.ST.Lazy (
23 -- * Converting between strict and lazy 'ST'
24 strictToLazyST, lazyToStrictST,
26 -- * Converting 'ST' To 'IO'
30 -- * Unsafe operations
37 import Control.Monad.Fix
39 import Control.Monad.ST (RealWorld)
40 import qualified Control.Monad.ST as ST
42 #ifdef __GLASGOW_HASKELL__
43 import qualified GHC.ST
52 #ifdef __GLASGOW_HASKELL__
53 -- | The lazy state-transformer monad.
54 -- A computation of type @'ST' s a@ transforms an internal state indexed
55 -- by @s@, and returns a value of type @a@.
56 -- The @s@ parameter is either
58 -- * an unstantiated type variable (inside invocations of 'runST'), or
60 -- * 'RealWorld' (inside invocations of 'stToIO').
62 -- It serves to keep the internal states of different invocations of
63 -- 'runST' separate from each other and from invocations of 'stToIO'.
64 newtype ST s a = ST (State s -> (a, State s))
65 data State s = S# (State# s)
67 instance Functor (ST s) where
68 fmap f m = ST $ \ s ->
75 instance Monad (ST s) where
77 return a = ST $ \ s -> (a,s)
78 m >> k = m >>= \ _ -> k
89 {-# NOINLINE runST #-}
90 -- | Return the value computed by a state transformer computation.
91 -- The @forall@ ensures that the internal state used by the 'ST'
92 -- computation is inaccessible to the rest of the program.
93 runST :: (forall s. ST s a) -> a
94 runST st = case st of ST the_st -> let (r,_) = the_st (S# realWorld#) in r
96 -- | Allow the result of a state transformer computation to be used (lazily)
97 -- inside the computation.
98 -- Note that if @f@ is strict, @'fixST' f = _|_@.
99 fixST :: (a -> ST s a) -> ST s a
108 instance MonadFix (ST s) where
111 -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
114 #ifdef __GLASGOW_HASKELL__
116 Convert a strict 'ST' computation into a lazy one. The strict state
117 thread passed to 'strictToLazyST' is not performed until the result of
118 the lazy state thread it returns is demanded.
120 strictToLazyST :: ST.ST s a -> ST s a
121 strictToLazyST m = ST $ \s ->
123 pr = case s of { S# s# -> GHC.ST.liftST m s# }
124 r = case pr of { GHC.ST.STret _ v -> v }
125 s' = case pr of { GHC.ST.STret s2# _ -> S# s2# }
130 Convert a lazy 'ST' computation into a strict one.
132 lazyToStrictST :: ST s a -> ST.ST s a
133 lazyToStrictST (ST m) = GHC.ST.ST $ \s ->
134 case (m (S# s)) of (a, S# s') -> (# s', a #)
136 unsafeInterleaveST :: ST s a -> ST s a
137 unsafeInterleaveST = strictToLazyST . ST.unsafeInterleaveST . lazyToStrictST
140 unsafeIOToST :: IO a -> ST s a
141 unsafeIOToST = strictToLazyST . ST.unsafeIOToST
143 -- | A monad transformer embedding lazy state transformers in the 'IO'
144 -- monad. The 'RealWorld' parameter indicates that the internal state
145 -- used by the 'ST' computation is a special one supplied by the 'IO'
146 -- monad, and thus distinct from those used by invocations of 'runST'.
147 stToIO :: ST RealWorld a -> IO a
148 stToIO = ST.stToIO . lazyToStrictST