1 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 -- Copyright : (c) Daan Leijen 2002
6 -- Maintainer : libraries@haskell.org
7 -- Stability : provisional
8 -- Portability : portable
10 -- An efficient implementation of sets.
12 -- This module is intended to be imported @qualified@, to avoid name
13 -- clashes with "Prelude" functions. eg.
15 -- > import Data.Set as Set
17 -- The implementation of 'Set' is based on /size balanced/ binary trees (or
18 -- trees of /bounded balance/) as described by:
20 -- * Stephen Adams, \"/Efficient sets: a balancing act/\",
21 -- Journal of Functional Programming 3(4):553-562, October 1993,
22 -- <http://www.swiss.ai.mit.edu/~adams/BB>.
24 -- * J. Nievergelt and E.M. Reingold,
25 -- \"/Binary search trees of bounded balance/\",
26 -- SIAM journal of computing 2(1), March 1973.
28 -- Note that the implementation is /left-biased/ -- the elements of a
29 -- first argument are always perferred to the second, for example in
30 -- 'union' or 'insert'. Of course, left-biasing can only be observed
31 -- when equality is an equivalence relation instead of structural
33 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
37 Set -- instance Eq,Ord,Show,Read,Data,Typeable
98 -- * Old interface, DEPRECATED
99 ,emptySet, -- :: Set a
100 mkSet, -- :: Ord a => [a] -> Set a
101 setToList, -- :: Set a -> [a]
102 unitSet, -- :: a -> Set a
103 elementOf, -- :: Ord a => a -> Set a -> Bool
104 isEmptySet, -- :: Set a -> Bool
105 cardinality, -- :: Set a -> Int
106 unionManySets, -- :: Ord a => [Set a] -> Set a
107 minusSet, -- :: Ord a => Set a -> Set a -> Set a
108 mapSet, -- :: Ord a => (b -> a) -> Set b -> Set a
109 intersect, -- :: Ord a => Set a -> Set a -> Set a
110 addToSet, -- :: Ord a => Set a -> a -> Set a
111 delFromSet, -- :: Ord a => Set a -> a -> Set a
114 import Prelude hiding (filter,foldr,null,map)
115 import qualified Data.List as List
116 import Data.Monoid (Monoid(..))
118 import Data.Foldable (Foldable(foldMap))
123 import List (nub,sort)
124 import qualified List
127 #if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__
129 import Data.Generics.Basics
130 import Data.Generics.Instances
133 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
135 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
138 -- | /O(n+m)/. See 'difference'.
139 (\\) :: Ord a => Set a -> Set a -> Set a
140 m1 \\ m2 = difference m1 m2
142 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
143 Sets are size balanced trees
144 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
145 -- | A set of values @a@.
147 | Bin {-# UNPACK #-} !Size a !(Set a) !(Set a)
151 instance Ord a => Monoid (Set a) where
156 instance Foldable Set where
157 foldMap f Tip = mempty
158 foldMap f (Bin _s k l r) = foldMap f l `mappend` f k `mappend` foldMap f r
160 #if __GLASGOW_HASKELL__
162 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
164 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
166 -- This instance preserves data abstraction at the cost of inefficiency.
167 -- We omit reflection services for the sake of data abstraction.
169 instance (Data a, Ord a) => Data (Set a) where
170 gfoldl f z set = z fromList `f` (toList set)
171 toConstr _ = error "toConstr"
172 gunfold _ _ = error "gunfold"
173 dataTypeOf _ = mkNorepType "Data.Set.Set"
177 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
179 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
180 -- | /O(1)/. Is this the empty set?
181 null :: Set a -> Bool
185 Bin sz x l r -> False
187 -- | /O(1)/. The number of elements in the set.
194 -- | /O(log n)/. Is the element in the set?
195 member :: Ord a => a -> Set a -> Bool
200 -> case compare x y of
205 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
207 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
208 -- | /O(1)/. The empty set.
213 -- | /O(1)/. Create a singleton set.
214 singleton :: a -> Set a
218 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
220 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
221 -- | /O(log n)/. Insert an element in a set.
222 -- If the set already contains an element equal to the given value,
223 -- it is replaced with the new value.
224 insert :: Ord a => a -> Set a -> Set a
229 -> case compare x y of
230 LT -> balance y (insert x l) r
231 GT -> balance y l (insert x r)
235 -- | /O(log n)/. Delete an element from a set.
236 delete :: Ord a => a -> Set a -> Set a
241 -> case compare x y of
242 LT -> balance y (delete x l) r
243 GT -> balance y l (delete x r)
246 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
248 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
249 -- | /O(n+m)/. Is this a proper subset? (ie. a subset but not equal).
250 isProperSubsetOf :: Ord a => Set a -> Set a -> Bool
251 isProperSubsetOf s1 s2
252 = (size s1 < size s2) && (isSubsetOf s1 s2)
255 -- | /O(n+m)/. Is this a subset?
256 -- @(s1 `isSubsetOf` s2)@ tells whether @s1@ is a subset of @s2@.
257 isSubsetOf :: Ord a => Set a -> Set a -> Bool
259 = (size t1 <= size t2) && (isSubsetOfX t1 t2)
261 isSubsetOfX Tip t = True
262 isSubsetOfX t Tip = False
263 isSubsetOfX (Bin _ x l r) t
264 = found && isSubsetOfX l lt && isSubsetOfX r gt
266 (lt,found,gt) = splitMember x t
269 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
271 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
272 -- | /O(log n)/. The minimal element of a set.
273 findMin :: Set a -> a
274 findMin (Bin _ x Tip r) = x
275 findMin (Bin _ x l r) = findMin l
276 findMin Tip = error "Set.findMin: empty set has no minimal element"
278 -- | /O(log n)/. The maximal element of a set.
279 findMax :: Set a -> a
280 findMax (Bin _ x l Tip) = x
281 findMax (Bin _ x l r) = findMax r
282 findMax Tip = error "Set.findMax: empty set has no maximal element"
284 -- | /O(log n)/. Delete the minimal element.
285 deleteMin :: Set a -> Set a
286 deleteMin (Bin _ x Tip r) = r
287 deleteMin (Bin _ x l r) = balance x (deleteMin l) r
290 -- | /O(log n)/. Delete the maximal element.
291 deleteMax :: Set a -> Set a
292 deleteMax (Bin _ x l Tip) = l
293 deleteMax (Bin _ x l r) = balance x l (deleteMax r)
297 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
299 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
300 -- | The union of a list of sets: (@'unions' == 'foldl' 'union' 'empty'@).
301 unions :: Ord a => [Set a] -> Set a
303 = foldlStrict union empty ts
306 -- | /O(n+m)/. The union of two sets, preferring the first set when
307 -- equal elements are encountered.
308 -- The implementation uses the efficient /hedge-union/ algorithm.
309 -- Hedge-union is more efficient on (bigset `union` smallset).
310 union :: Ord a => Set a -> Set a -> Set a
314 | size t1 >= size t2 = hedgeUnion (const LT) (const GT) t1 t2
315 | otherwise = hedgeUnion (const LT) (const GT) t2 t1
317 hedgeUnion cmplo cmphi t1 Tip
319 hedgeUnion cmplo cmphi Tip (Bin _ x l r)
320 = join x (filterGt cmplo l) (filterLt cmphi r)
321 hedgeUnion cmplo cmphi (Bin _ x l r) t2
322 = join x (hedgeUnion cmplo cmpx l (trim cmplo cmpx t2))
323 (hedgeUnion cmpx cmphi r (trim cmpx cmphi t2))
327 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
329 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
330 -- | /O(n+m)/. Difference of two sets.
331 -- The implementation uses an efficient /hedge/ algorithm comparable with /hedge-union/.
332 difference :: Ord a => Set a -> Set a -> Set a
333 difference Tip t2 = Tip
334 difference t1 Tip = t1
335 difference t1 t2 = hedgeDiff (const LT) (const GT) t1 t2
337 hedgeDiff cmplo cmphi Tip t
339 hedgeDiff cmplo cmphi (Bin _ x l r) Tip
340 = join x (filterGt cmplo l) (filterLt cmphi r)
341 hedgeDiff cmplo cmphi t (Bin _ x l r)
342 = merge (hedgeDiff cmplo cmpx (trim cmplo cmpx t) l)
343 (hedgeDiff cmpx cmphi (trim cmpx cmphi t) r)
347 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
349 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
350 -- | /O(n+m)/. The intersection of two sets.
351 -- Intersection is more efficient on (bigset `intersection` smallset).
352 intersection :: Ord a => Set a -> Set a -> Set a
353 intersection Tip t = Tip
354 intersection t Tip = Tip
356 | size t1 >= size t2 = intersect' t1 t2
357 | otherwise = intersect' t2 t1
359 intersect' Tip t = Tip
360 intersect' t Tip = Tip
361 intersect' t (Bin _ x l r)
362 | found = join x tl tr
363 | otherwise = merge tl tr
365 (lt,found,gt) = splitMember x t
370 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
372 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
373 -- | /O(n)/. Filter all elements that satisfy the predicate.
374 filter :: Ord a => (a -> Bool) -> Set a -> Set a
376 filter p (Bin _ x l r)
377 | p x = join x (filter p l) (filter p r)
378 | otherwise = merge (filter p l) (filter p r)
380 -- | /O(n)/. Partition the set into two sets, one with all elements that satisfy
381 -- the predicate and one with all elements that don't satisfy the predicate.
383 partition :: Ord a => (a -> Bool) -> Set a -> (Set a,Set a)
384 partition p Tip = (Tip,Tip)
385 partition p (Bin _ x l r)
386 | p x = (join x l1 r1,merge l2 r2)
387 | otherwise = (merge l1 r1,join x l2 r2)
389 (l1,l2) = partition p l
390 (r1,r2) = partition p r
392 {----------------------------------------------------------------------
394 ----------------------------------------------------------------------}
397 -- @'map' f s@ is the set obtained by applying @f@ to each element of @s@.
399 -- It's worth noting that the size of the result may be smaller if,
400 -- for some @(x,y)@, @x \/= y && f x == f y@
402 map :: (Ord a, Ord b) => (a->b) -> Set a -> Set b
403 map f = fromList . List.map f . toList
407 -- @'mapMonotonic' f s == 'map' f s@, but works only when @f@ is monotonic.
408 -- /The precondition is not checked./
409 -- Semi-formally, we have:
411 -- > and [x < y ==> f x < f y | x <- ls, y <- ls]
412 -- > ==> mapMonotonic f s == map f s
413 -- > where ls = toList s
415 mapMonotonic :: (a->b) -> Set a -> Set b
416 mapMonotonic f Tip = Tip
417 mapMonotonic f (Bin sz x l r) =
418 Bin sz (f x) (mapMonotonic f l) (mapMonotonic f r)
421 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
423 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
424 -- | /O(n)/. Fold over the elements of a set in an unspecified order.
425 fold :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Set a -> b
429 -- | /O(n)/. Post-order fold.
430 foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Set a -> b
432 foldr f z (Bin _ x l r) = foldr f (f x (foldr f z r)) l
434 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
436 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
437 -- | /O(n)/. The elements of a set.
438 elems :: Set a -> [a]
442 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
444 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
445 -- | /O(n)/. Convert the set to a list of elements.
446 toList :: Set a -> [a]
450 -- | /O(n)/. Convert the set to an ascending list of elements.
451 toAscList :: Set a -> [a]
456 -- | /O(n*log n)/. Create a set from a list of elements.
457 fromList :: Ord a => [a] -> Set a
459 = foldlStrict ins empty xs
463 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
464 Building trees from ascending/descending lists can be done in linear time.
466 Note that if [xs] is ascending that:
467 fromAscList xs == fromList xs
468 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
469 -- | /O(n)/. Build a set from an ascending list in linear time.
470 -- /The precondition (input list is ascending) is not checked./
471 fromAscList :: Eq a => [a] -> Set a
473 = fromDistinctAscList (combineEq xs)
475 -- [combineEq xs] combines equal elements with [const] in an ordered list [xs]
480 (x:xx) -> combineEq' x xx
482 combineEq' z [] = [z]
484 | z==x = combineEq' z xs
485 | otherwise = z:combineEq' x xs
488 -- | /O(n)/. Build a set from an ascending list of distinct elements in linear time.
489 -- /The precondition (input list is strictly ascending) is not checked./
490 fromDistinctAscList :: [a] -> Set a
491 fromDistinctAscList xs
492 = build const (length xs) xs
494 -- 1) use continutations so that we use heap space instead of stack space.
495 -- 2) special case for n==5 to build bushier trees.
496 build c 0 xs = c Tip xs
497 build c 5 xs = case xs of
499 -> c (bin x4 (bin x2 (singleton x1) (singleton x3)) (singleton x5)) xx
500 build c n xs = seq nr $ build (buildR nr c) nl xs
505 buildR n c l (x:ys) = build (buildB l x c) n ys
506 buildB l x c r zs = c (bin x l r) zs
508 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
509 Eq converts the set to a list. In a lazy setting, this
510 actually seems one of the faster methods to compare two trees
511 and it is certainly the simplest :-)
512 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
513 instance Eq a => Eq (Set a) where
514 t1 == t2 = (size t1 == size t2) && (toAscList t1 == toAscList t2)
516 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
518 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
520 instance Ord a => Ord (Set a) where
521 compare s1 s2 = compare (toAscList s1) (toAscList s2)
523 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
525 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
526 instance Show a => Show (Set a) where
527 showsPrec p xs = showParen (p > 10) $
528 showString "fromList " . shows (toList xs)
530 showSet :: (Show a) => [a] -> ShowS
534 = showChar '{' . shows x . showTail xs
536 showTail [] = showChar '}'
537 showTail (x:xs) = showChar ',' . shows x . showTail xs
539 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
541 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
542 instance (Read a, Ord a) => Read (Set a) where
543 #ifdef __GLASGOW_HASKELL__
544 readPrec = parens $ prec 10 $ do
545 Ident "fromList" <- lexP
549 readListPrec = readListPrecDefault
551 readsPrec p = readParen (p > 10) $ \ r -> do
552 ("fromList",s) <- lex r
554 return (fromList xs,t)
557 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
559 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
561 #include "Typeable.h"
562 INSTANCE_TYPEABLE1(Set,setTc,"Set")
564 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
565 Utility functions that return sub-ranges of the original
566 tree. Some functions take a comparison function as argument to
567 allow comparisons against infinite values. A function [cmplo x]
568 should be read as [compare lo x].
570 [trim cmplo cmphi t] A tree that is either empty or where [cmplo x == LT]
571 and [cmphi x == GT] for the value [x] of the root.
572 [filterGt cmp t] A tree where for all values [k]. [cmp k == LT]
573 [filterLt cmp t] A tree where for all values [k]. [cmp k == GT]
575 [split k t] Returns two trees [l] and [r] where all values
576 in [l] are <[k] and all keys in [r] are >[k].
577 [splitMember k t] Just like [split] but also returns whether [k]
578 was found in the tree.
579 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
581 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
582 [trim lo hi t] trims away all subtrees that surely contain no
583 values between the range [lo] to [hi]. The returned tree is either
584 empty or the key of the root is between @lo@ and @hi@.
585 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
586 trim :: (a -> Ordering) -> (a -> Ordering) -> Set a -> Set a
587 trim cmplo cmphi Tip = Tip
588 trim cmplo cmphi t@(Bin sx x l r)
590 LT -> case cmphi x of
592 le -> trim cmplo cmphi l
593 ge -> trim cmplo cmphi r
595 trimMemberLo :: Ord a => a -> (a -> Ordering) -> Set a -> (Bool, Set a)
596 trimMemberLo lo cmphi Tip = (False,Tip)
597 trimMemberLo lo cmphi t@(Bin sx x l r)
598 = case compare lo x of
599 LT -> case cmphi x of
600 GT -> (member lo t, t)
601 le -> trimMemberLo lo cmphi l
602 GT -> trimMemberLo lo cmphi r
603 EQ -> (True,trim (compare lo) cmphi r)
606 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
607 [filterGt x t] filter all values >[x] from tree [t]
608 [filterLt x t] filter all values <[x] from tree [t]
609 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
610 filterGt :: (a -> Ordering) -> Set a -> Set a
611 filterGt cmp Tip = Tip
612 filterGt cmp (Bin sx x l r)
614 LT -> join x (filterGt cmp l) r
618 filterLt :: (a -> Ordering) -> Set a -> Set a
619 filterLt cmp Tip = Tip
620 filterLt cmp (Bin sx x l r)
623 GT -> join x l (filterLt cmp r)
627 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
629 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
630 -- | /O(log n)/. The expression (@'split' x set@) is a pair @(set1,set2)@
631 -- where all elements in @set1@ are lower than @x@ and all elements in
632 -- @set2@ larger than @x@. @x@ is not found in neither @set1@ nor @set2@.
633 split :: Ord a => a -> Set a -> (Set a,Set a)
634 split x Tip = (Tip,Tip)
635 split x (Bin sy y l r)
636 = case compare x y of
637 LT -> let (lt,gt) = split x l in (lt,join y gt r)
638 GT -> let (lt,gt) = split x r in (join y l lt,gt)
641 -- | /O(log n)/. Performs a 'split' but also returns whether the pivot
642 -- element was found in the original set.
643 splitMember :: Ord a => a -> Set a -> (Set a,Bool,Set a)
644 splitMember x Tip = (Tip,False,Tip)
645 splitMember x (Bin sy y l r)
646 = case compare x y of
647 LT -> let (lt,found,gt) = splitMember x l in (lt,found,join y gt r)
648 GT -> let (lt,found,gt) = splitMember x r in (join y l lt,found,gt)
651 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
652 Utility functions that maintain the balance properties of the tree.
653 All constructors assume that all values in [l] < [x] and all values
654 in [r] > [x], and that [l] and [r] are valid trees.
656 In order of sophistication:
657 [Bin sz x l r] The type constructor.
658 [bin x l r] Maintains the correct size, assumes that both [l]
659 and [r] are balanced with respect to each other.
660 [balance x l r] Restores the balance and size.
661 Assumes that the original tree was balanced and
662 that [l] or [r] has changed by at most one element.
663 [join x l r] Restores balance and size.
665 Furthermore, we can construct a new tree from two trees. Both operations
666 assume that all values in [l] < all values in [r] and that [l] and [r]
668 [glue l r] Glues [l] and [r] together. Assumes that [l] and
669 [r] are already balanced with respect to each other.
670 [merge l r] Merges two trees and restores balance.
672 Note: in contrast to Adam's paper, we use (<=) comparisons instead
673 of (<) comparisons in [join], [merge] and [balance].
674 Quickcheck (on [difference]) showed that this was necessary in order
675 to maintain the invariants. It is quite unsatisfactory that I haven't
676 been able to find out why this is actually the case! Fortunately, it
677 doesn't hurt to be a bit more conservative.
678 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
680 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
682 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
683 join :: a -> Set a -> Set a -> Set a
684 join x Tip r = insertMin x r
685 join x l Tip = insertMax x l
686 join x l@(Bin sizeL y ly ry) r@(Bin sizeR z lz rz)
687 | delta*sizeL <= sizeR = balance z (join x l lz) rz
688 | delta*sizeR <= sizeL = balance y ly (join x ry r)
689 | otherwise = bin x l r
692 -- insertMin and insertMax don't perform potentially expensive comparisons.
693 insertMax,insertMin :: a -> Set a -> Set a
698 -> balance y l (insertMax x r)
704 -> balance y (insertMin x l) r
706 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
707 [merge l r]: merges two trees.
708 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
709 merge :: Set a -> Set a -> Set a
712 merge l@(Bin sizeL x lx rx) r@(Bin sizeR y ly ry)
713 | delta*sizeL <= sizeR = balance y (merge l ly) ry
714 | delta*sizeR <= sizeL = balance x lx (merge rx r)
715 | otherwise = glue l r
717 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
718 [glue l r]: glues two trees together.
719 Assumes that [l] and [r] are already balanced with respect to each other.
720 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
721 glue :: Set a -> Set a -> Set a
725 | size l > size r = let (m,l') = deleteFindMax l in balance m l' r
726 | otherwise = let (m,r') = deleteFindMin r in balance m l r'
729 -- | /O(log n)/. Delete and find the minimal element.
731 -- > deleteFindMin set = (findMin set, deleteMin set)
733 deleteFindMin :: Set a -> (a,Set a)
736 Bin _ x Tip r -> (x,r)
737 Bin _ x l r -> let (xm,l') = deleteFindMin l in (xm,balance x l' r)
738 Tip -> (error "Set.deleteFindMin: can not return the minimal element of an empty set", Tip)
740 -- | /O(log n)/. Delete and find the maximal element.
742 -- > deleteFindMax set = (findMax set, deleteMax set)
743 deleteFindMax :: Set a -> (a,Set a)
746 Bin _ x l Tip -> (x,l)
747 Bin _ x l r -> let (xm,r') = deleteFindMax r in (xm,balance x l r')
748 Tip -> (error "Set.deleteFindMax: can not return the maximal element of an empty set", Tip)
751 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
752 [balance x l r] balances two trees with value x.
753 The sizes of the trees should balance after decreasing the
754 size of one of them. (a rotation).
756 [delta] is the maximal relative difference between the sizes of
757 two trees, it corresponds with the [w] in Adams' paper,
758 or equivalently, [1/delta] corresponds with the $\alpha$
759 in Nievergelt's paper. Adams shows that [delta] should
760 be larger than 3.745 in order to garantee that the
761 rotations can always restore balance.
763 [ratio] is the ratio between an outer and inner sibling of the
764 heavier subtree in an unbalanced setting. It determines
765 whether a double or single rotation should be performed
766 to restore balance. It is correspondes with the inverse
767 of $\alpha$ in Adam's article.
770 - [delta] should be larger than 4.646 with a [ratio] of 2.
771 - [delta] should be larger than 3.745 with a [ratio] of 1.534.
773 - A lower [delta] leads to a more 'perfectly' balanced tree.
774 - A higher [delta] performs less rebalancing.
776 - Balancing is automatic for random data and a balancing
777 scheme is only necessary to avoid pathological worst cases.
778 Almost any choice will do in practice
780 - Allthough it seems that a rather large [delta] may perform better
781 than smaller one, measurements have shown that the smallest [delta]
782 of 4 is actually the fastest on a wide range of operations. It
783 especially improves performance on worst-case scenarios like
784 a sequence of ordered insertions.
786 Note: in contrast to Adams' paper, we use a ratio of (at least) 2
787 to decide whether a single or double rotation is needed. Allthough
788 he actually proves that this ratio is needed to maintain the
789 invariants, his implementation uses a (invalid) ratio of 1.
790 He is aware of the problem though since he has put a comment in his
791 original source code that he doesn't care about generating a
792 slightly inbalanced tree since it doesn't seem to matter in practice.
793 However (since we use quickcheck :-) we will stick to strictly balanced
795 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
800 balance :: a -> Set a -> Set a -> Set a
802 | sizeL + sizeR <= 1 = Bin sizeX x l r
803 | sizeR >= delta*sizeL = rotateL x l r
804 | sizeL >= delta*sizeR = rotateR x l r
805 | otherwise = Bin sizeX x l r
809 sizeX = sizeL + sizeR + 1
812 rotateL x l r@(Bin _ _ ly ry)
813 | size ly < ratio*size ry = singleL x l r
814 | otherwise = doubleL x l r
816 rotateR x l@(Bin _ _ ly ry) r
817 | size ry < ratio*size ly = singleR x l r
818 | otherwise = doubleR x l r
821 singleL x1 t1 (Bin _ x2 t2 t3) = bin x2 (bin x1 t1 t2) t3
822 singleR x1 (Bin _ x2 t1 t2) t3 = bin x2 t1 (bin x1 t2 t3)
824 doubleL x1 t1 (Bin _ x2 (Bin _ x3 t2 t3) t4) = bin x3 (bin x1 t1 t2) (bin x2 t3 t4)
825 doubleR x1 (Bin _ x2 t1 (Bin _ x3 t2 t3)) t4 = bin x3 (bin x2 t1 t2) (bin x1 t3 t4)
828 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
829 The bin constructor maintains the size of the tree
830 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
831 bin :: a -> Set a -> Set a -> Set a
833 = Bin (size l + size r + 1) x l r
836 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
838 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
842 (x:xx) -> let z' = f z x in seq z' (foldlStrict f z' xx)
845 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
847 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
848 -- | /O(n)/. Show the tree that implements the set. The tree is shown
849 -- in a compressed, hanging format.
850 showTree :: Show a => Set a -> String
852 = showTreeWith True False s
855 {- | /O(n)/. The expression (@showTreeWith hang wide map@) shows
856 the tree that implements the set. If @hang@ is
857 @True@, a /hanging/ tree is shown otherwise a rotated tree is shown. If
858 @wide@ is 'True', an extra wide version is shown.
860 > Set> putStrLn $ showTreeWith True False $ fromDistinctAscList [1..5]
867 > Set> putStrLn $ showTreeWith True True $ fromDistinctAscList [1..5]
878 > Set> putStrLn $ showTreeWith False True $ fromDistinctAscList [1..5]
890 showTreeWith :: Show a => Bool -> Bool -> Set a -> String
891 showTreeWith hang wide t
892 | hang = (showsTreeHang wide [] t) ""
893 | otherwise = (showsTree wide [] [] t) ""
895 showsTree :: Show a => Bool -> [String] -> [String] -> Set a -> ShowS
896 showsTree wide lbars rbars t
898 Tip -> showsBars lbars . showString "|\n"
900 -> showsBars lbars . shows x . showString "\n"
902 -> showsTree wide (withBar rbars) (withEmpty rbars) r .
903 showWide wide rbars .
904 showsBars lbars . shows x . showString "\n" .
905 showWide wide lbars .
906 showsTree wide (withEmpty lbars) (withBar lbars) l
908 showsTreeHang :: Show a => Bool -> [String] -> Set a -> ShowS
909 showsTreeHang wide bars t
911 Tip -> showsBars bars . showString "|\n"
913 -> showsBars bars . shows x . showString "\n"
915 -> showsBars bars . shows x . showString "\n" .
917 showsTreeHang wide (withBar bars) l .
919 showsTreeHang wide (withEmpty bars) r
923 | wide = showString (concat (reverse bars)) . showString "|\n"
926 showsBars :: [String] -> ShowS
930 _ -> showString (concat (reverse (tail bars))) . showString node
933 withBar bars = "| ":bars
934 withEmpty bars = " ":bars
936 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
938 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
939 -- | /O(n)/. Test if the internal set structure is valid.
940 valid :: Ord a => Set a -> Bool
942 = balanced t && ordered t && validsize t
945 = bounded (const True) (const True) t
950 Bin sz x l r -> (lo x) && (hi x) && bounded lo (<x) l && bounded (>x) hi r
952 balanced :: Set a -> Bool
956 Bin sz x l r -> (size l + size r <= 1 || (size l <= delta*size r && size r <= delta*size l)) &&
957 balanced l && balanced r
961 = (realsize t == Just (size t))
966 Bin sz x l r -> case (realsize l,realsize r) of
967 (Just n,Just m) | n+m+1 == sz -> Just sz
971 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
973 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
974 testTree :: [Int] -> Set Int
975 testTree xs = fromList xs
976 test1 = testTree [1..20]
977 test2 = testTree [30,29..10]
978 test3 = testTree [1,4,6,89,2323,53,43,234,5,79,12,9,24,9,8,423,8,42,4,8,9,3]
980 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
982 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
987 { configMaxTest = 500
988 , configMaxFail = 5000
989 , configSize = \n -> (div n 2 + 3)
990 , configEvery = \n args -> let s = show n in s ++ [ '\b' | _ <- s ]
994 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
995 Arbitrary, reasonably balanced trees
996 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
997 instance (Enum a) => Arbitrary (Set a) where
998 arbitrary = sized (arbtree 0 maxkey)
1001 arbtree :: (Enum a) => Int -> Int -> Int -> Gen (Set a)
1003 | n <= 0 = return Tip
1004 | lo >= hi = return Tip
1005 | otherwise = do{ i <- choose (lo,hi)
1006 ; m <- choose (1,30)
1007 ; let (ml,mr) | m==(1::Int)= (1,2)
1011 ; l <- arbtree lo (i-1) (n `div` ml)
1012 ; r <- arbtree (i+1) hi (n `div` mr)
1013 ; return (bin (toEnum i) l r)
1017 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
1019 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
1020 forValid :: (Enum a,Show a,Testable b) => (Set a -> b) -> Property
1022 = forAll arbitrary $ \t ->
1023 -- classify (balanced t) "balanced" $
1024 classify (size t == 0) "empty" $
1025 classify (size t > 0 && size t <= 10) "small" $
1026 classify (size t > 10 && size t <= 64) "medium" $
1027 classify (size t > 64) "large" $
1030 forValidIntTree :: Testable a => (Set Int -> a) -> Property
1034 forValidUnitTree :: Testable a => (Set Int -> a) -> Property
1040 = forValidUnitTree $ \t -> valid t
1042 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
1043 Single, Insert, Delete
1044 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
1045 prop_Single :: Int -> Bool
1047 = (insert x empty == singleton x)
1049 prop_InsertValid :: Int -> Property
1051 = forValidUnitTree $ \t -> valid (insert k t)
1053 prop_InsertDelete :: Int -> Set Int -> Property
1054 prop_InsertDelete k t
1055 = not (member k t) ==> delete k (insert k t) == t
1057 prop_DeleteValid :: Int -> Property
1059 = forValidUnitTree $ \t ->
1060 valid (delete k (insert k t))
1062 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
1064 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
1065 prop_Join :: Int -> Property
1067 = forValidUnitTree $ \t ->
1068 let (l,r) = split x t
1069 in valid (join x l r)
1071 prop_Merge :: Int -> Property
1073 = forValidUnitTree $ \t ->
1074 let (l,r) = split x t
1075 in valid (merge l r)
1078 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
1080 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
1081 prop_UnionValid :: Property
1083 = forValidUnitTree $ \t1 ->
1084 forValidUnitTree $ \t2 ->
1087 prop_UnionInsert :: Int -> Set Int -> Bool
1088 prop_UnionInsert x t
1089 = union t (singleton x) == insert x t
1091 prop_UnionAssoc :: Set Int -> Set Int -> Set Int -> Bool
1092 prop_UnionAssoc t1 t2 t3
1093 = union t1 (union t2 t3) == union (union t1 t2) t3
1095 prop_UnionComm :: Set Int -> Set Int -> Bool
1096 prop_UnionComm t1 t2
1097 = (union t1 t2 == union t2 t1)
1101 = forValidUnitTree $ \t1 ->
1102 forValidUnitTree $ \t2 ->
1103 valid (difference t1 t2)
1105 prop_Diff :: [Int] -> [Int] -> Bool
1107 = toAscList (difference (fromList xs) (fromList ys))
1108 == List.sort ((List.\\) (nub xs) (nub ys))
1111 = forValidUnitTree $ \t1 ->
1112 forValidUnitTree $ \t2 ->
1113 valid (intersection t1 t2)
1115 prop_Int :: [Int] -> [Int] -> Bool
1117 = toAscList (intersection (fromList xs) (fromList ys))
1118 == List.sort (nub ((List.intersect) (xs) (ys)))
1120 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
1122 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
1124 = forAll (choose (5,100)) $ \n ->
1125 let xs = [0..n::Int]
1126 in fromAscList xs == fromList xs
1128 prop_List :: [Int] -> Bool
1130 = (sort (nub xs) == toList (fromList xs))
1133 {--------------------------------------------------------------------
1134 Old Data.Set compatibility interface
1135 --------------------------------------------------------------------}
1137 {-# DEPRECATED emptySet "Use empty instead" #-}
1138 -- | Obsolete equivalent of 'empty'.
1142 {-# DEPRECATED mkSet "Use fromList instead" #-}
1143 -- | Obsolete equivalent of 'fromList'.
1144 mkSet :: Ord a => [a] -> Set a
1147 {-# DEPRECATED setToList "Use elems instead." #-}
1148 -- | Obsolete equivalent of 'elems'.
1149 setToList :: Set a -> [a]
1152 {-# DEPRECATED unitSet "Use singleton instead." #-}
1153 -- | Obsolete equivalent of 'singleton'.
1154 unitSet :: a -> Set a
1157 {-# DEPRECATED elementOf "Use member instead." #-}
1158 -- | Obsolete equivalent of 'member'.
1159 elementOf :: Ord a => a -> Set a -> Bool
1162 {-# DEPRECATED isEmptySet "Use null instead." #-}
1163 -- | Obsolete equivalent of 'null'.
1164 isEmptySet :: Set a -> Bool
1167 {-# DEPRECATED cardinality "Use size instead." #-}
1168 -- | Obsolete equivalent of 'size'.
1169 cardinality :: Set a -> Int
1172 {-# DEPRECATED unionManySets "Use unions instead." #-}
1173 -- | Obsolete equivalent of 'unions'.
1174 unionManySets :: Ord a => [Set a] -> Set a
1175 unionManySets = unions
1177 {-# DEPRECATED minusSet "Use difference instead." #-}
1178 -- | Obsolete equivalent of 'difference'.
1179 minusSet :: Ord a => Set a -> Set a -> Set a
1180 minusSet = difference
1182 {-# DEPRECATED mapSet "Use map instead." #-}
1183 -- | Obsolete equivalent of 'map'.
1184 mapSet :: (Ord a, Ord b) => (b -> a) -> Set b -> Set a
1187 {-# DEPRECATED intersect "Use intersection instead." #-}
1188 -- | Obsolete equivalent of 'intersection'.
1189 intersect :: Ord a => Set a -> Set a -> Set a
1190 intersect = intersection
1192 {-# DEPRECATED addToSet "Use 'flip insert' instead." #-}
1193 -- | Obsolete equivalent of @'flip' 'insert'@.
1194 addToSet :: Ord a => Set a -> a -> Set a
1195 addToSet = flip insert
1197 {-# DEPRECATED delFromSet "Use `flip delete' instead." #-}
1198 -- | Obsolete equivalent of @'flip' 'delete'@.
1199 delFromSet :: Ord a => Set a -> a -> Set a
1200 delFromSet = flip delete