2 % (c) The University of Glasgow 2006
3 % (c) The GRASP/AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 1992-1998
6 Utility functions on @Core@ syntax
11 mkInlineMe, mkSCC, mkCoerce,
12 bindNonRec, needsCaseBinding,
13 mkIfThenElse, mkAltExpr, mkPiType, mkPiTypes,
15 -- Taking expressions apart
16 findDefault, findAlt, isDefaultAlt, mergeAlts, trimConArgs,
18 -- Properties of expressions
19 exprType, coreAltType,
20 exprIsDupable, exprIsTrivial, exprIsCheap,
21 exprIsHNF,exprOkForSpeculation, exprIsBig,
22 exprIsConApp_maybe, exprIsBottom,
25 -- Arity and eta expansion
26 manifestArity, exprArity,
27 exprEtaExpandArity, etaExpand,
36 cheapEqExpr, tcEqExpr, tcEqExprX, applyTypeToArgs, applyTypeToArg,
38 dataConOrigInstPat, dataConRepInstPat, dataConRepFSInstPat
41 #include "HsVersions.h"
77 import GHC.Exts -- For `xori`
81 %************************************************************************
83 \subsection{Find the type of a Core atom/expression}
85 %************************************************************************
88 exprType :: CoreExpr -> Type
90 exprType (Var var) = idType var
91 exprType (Lit lit) = literalType lit
92 exprType (Let _ body) = exprType body
93 exprType (Case _ _ ty alts) = ty
95 = let (_, ty) = coercionKind co in ty
96 exprType (Note other_note e) = exprType e
97 exprType (Lam binder expr) = mkPiType binder (exprType expr)
99 = case collectArgs e of
100 (fun, args) -> applyTypeToArgs e (exprType fun) args
102 exprType other = pprTrace "exprType" (pprCoreExpr other) alphaTy
104 coreAltType :: CoreAlt -> Type
105 coreAltType (_,_,rhs) = exprType rhs
108 @mkPiType@ makes a (->) type or a forall type, depending on whether
109 it is given a type variable or a term variable. We cleverly use the
110 lbvarinfo field to figure out the right annotation for the arrove in
111 case of a term variable.
114 mkPiType :: Var -> Type -> Type -- The more polymorphic version
115 mkPiTypes :: [Var] -> Type -> Type -- doesn't work...
117 mkPiTypes vs ty = foldr mkPiType ty vs
120 | isId v = mkFunTy (idType v) ty
121 | otherwise = mkForAllTy v ty
125 applyTypeToArg :: Type -> CoreExpr -> Type
126 applyTypeToArg fun_ty (Type arg_ty) = applyTy fun_ty arg_ty
127 applyTypeToArg fun_ty other_arg = funResultTy fun_ty
129 applyTypeToArgs :: CoreExpr -> Type -> [CoreExpr] -> Type
130 -- A more efficient version of applyTypeToArg
131 -- when we have several args
132 -- The first argument is just for debugging
133 applyTypeToArgs e op_ty [] = op_ty
135 applyTypeToArgs e op_ty (Type ty : args)
136 = -- Accumulate type arguments so we can instantiate all at once
139 go rev_tys (Type ty : args) = go (ty:rev_tys) args
140 go rev_tys rest_args = applyTypeToArgs e op_ty' rest_args
142 op_ty' = applyTys op_ty (reverse rev_tys)
144 applyTypeToArgs e op_ty (other_arg : args)
145 = case (splitFunTy_maybe op_ty) of
146 Just (_, res_ty) -> applyTypeToArgs e res_ty args
147 Nothing -> pprPanic "applyTypeToArgs" (pprCoreExpr e $$ ppr op_ty)
152 %************************************************************************
154 \subsection{Attaching notes}
156 %************************************************************************
158 mkNote removes redundant coercions, and SCCs where possible
162 mkNote :: Note -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr
163 mkNote (SCC cc) expr = mkSCC cc expr
164 mkNote InlineMe expr = mkInlineMe expr
165 mkNote note expr = Note note expr
169 Drop trivial InlineMe's. This is somewhat important, because if we have an unfolding
170 that looks like (Note InlineMe (Var v)), the InlineMe doesn't go away because it may
171 not be *applied* to anything.
173 We don't use exprIsTrivial here, though, because we sometimes generate worker/wrapper
176 f = inline_me (coerce t fw)
177 As usual, the inline_me prevents the worker from getting inlined back into the wrapper.
178 We want the split, so that the coerces can cancel at the call site.
180 However, we can get left with tiresome type applications. Notably, consider
181 f = /\ a -> let t = e in (t, w)
182 Then lifting the let out of the big lambda gives
184 f = /\ a -> let t = inline_me (t' a) in (t, w)
185 The inline_me is to stop the simplifier inlining t' right back
186 into t's RHS. In the next phase we'll substitute for t (since
187 its rhs is trivial) and *then* we could get rid of the inline_me.
188 But it hardly seems worth it, so I don't bother.
191 mkInlineMe (Var v) = Var v
192 mkInlineMe e = Note InlineMe e
198 mkCoerce :: Coercion -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr
199 mkCoerce co (Cast expr co2)
200 = ASSERT(let { (from_ty, _to_ty) = coercionKind co;
201 (_from_ty2, to_ty2) = coercionKind co2} in
202 from_ty `coreEqType` to_ty2 )
203 mkCoerce (mkTransCoercion co2 co) expr
206 = let (from_ty, to_ty) = coercionKind co in
207 -- if to_ty `coreEqType` from_ty
210 ASSERT2(from_ty `coreEqType` (exprType expr), text "Trying to coerce" <+> text "(" <> ppr expr $$ text "::" <+> ppr (exprType expr) <> text ")" $$ ppr co $$ ppr (coercionKindPredTy co))
215 mkSCC :: CostCentre -> Expr b -> Expr b
216 -- Note: Nested SCC's *are* preserved for the benefit of
217 -- cost centre stack profiling
218 mkSCC cc (Lit lit) = Lit lit
219 mkSCC cc (Lam x e) = Lam x (mkSCC cc e) -- Move _scc_ inside lambda
220 mkSCC cc (Note (SCC cc') e) = Note (SCC cc) (Note (SCC cc') e)
221 mkSCC cc (Note n e) = Note n (mkSCC cc e) -- Move _scc_ inside notes
222 mkSCC cc (Cast e co) = Cast (mkSCC cc e) co -- Move _scc_ inside cast
223 mkSCC cc expr = Note (SCC cc) expr
227 %************************************************************************
229 \subsection{Other expression construction}
231 %************************************************************************
234 bindNonRec :: Id -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr
235 -- (bindNonRec x r b) produces either
238 -- case r of x { _DEFAULT_ -> b }
240 -- depending on whether x is unlifted or not
241 -- It's used by the desugarer to avoid building bindings
242 -- that give Core Lint a heart attack. Actually the simplifier
243 -- deals with them perfectly well.
245 bindNonRec bndr rhs body
246 | needsCaseBinding (idType bndr) rhs = Case rhs bndr (exprType body) [(DEFAULT,[],body)]
247 | otherwise = Let (NonRec bndr rhs) body
249 needsCaseBinding ty rhs = isUnLiftedType ty && not (exprOkForSpeculation rhs)
250 -- Make a case expression instead of a let
251 -- These can arise either from the desugarer,
252 -- or from beta reductions: (\x.e) (x +# y)
256 mkAltExpr :: AltCon -> [CoreBndr] -> [Type] -> CoreExpr
257 -- This guy constructs the value that the scrutinee must have
258 -- when you are in one particular branch of a case
259 mkAltExpr (DataAlt con) args inst_tys
260 = mkConApp con (map Type inst_tys ++ varsToCoreExprs args)
261 mkAltExpr (LitAlt lit) [] []
264 mkIfThenElse :: CoreExpr -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr
265 mkIfThenElse guard then_expr else_expr
266 -- Not going to be refining, so okay to take the type of the "then" clause
267 = Case guard (mkWildId boolTy) (exprType then_expr)
268 [ (DataAlt falseDataCon, [], else_expr), -- Increasing order of tag!
269 (DataAlt trueDataCon, [], then_expr) ]
273 %************************************************************************
275 \subsection{Taking expressions apart}
277 %************************************************************************
279 The default alternative must be first, if it exists at all.
280 This makes it easy to find, though it makes matching marginally harder.
283 findDefault :: [CoreAlt] -> ([CoreAlt], Maybe CoreExpr)
284 findDefault ((DEFAULT,args,rhs) : alts) = ASSERT( null args ) (alts, Just rhs)
285 findDefault alts = (alts, Nothing)
287 findAlt :: AltCon -> [CoreAlt] -> CoreAlt
290 (deflt@(DEFAULT,_,_):alts) -> go alts deflt
291 other -> go alts panic_deflt
293 panic_deflt = pprPanic "Missing alternative" (ppr con $$ vcat (map ppr alts))
296 go (alt@(con1,_,_) : alts) deflt
297 = case con `cmpAltCon` con1 of
298 LT -> deflt -- Missed it already; the alts are in increasing order
300 GT -> ASSERT( not (con1 == DEFAULT) ) go alts deflt
302 isDefaultAlt :: CoreAlt -> Bool
303 isDefaultAlt (DEFAULT, _, _) = True
304 isDefaultAlt other = False
306 ---------------------------------
307 mergeAlts :: [CoreAlt] -> [CoreAlt] -> [CoreAlt]
308 -- Merge preserving order; alternatives in the first arg
309 -- shadow ones in the second
310 mergeAlts [] as2 = as2
311 mergeAlts as1 [] = as1
312 mergeAlts (a1:as1) (a2:as2)
313 = case a1 `cmpAlt` a2 of
314 LT -> a1 : mergeAlts as1 (a2:as2)
315 EQ -> a1 : mergeAlts as1 as2 -- Discard a2
316 GT -> a2 : mergeAlts (a1:as1) as2
319 ---------------------------------
320 trimConArgs :: AltCon -> [CoreArg] -> [CoreArg]
321 -- Given case (C a b x y) of
323 -- we want to drop the leading type argument of the scrutinee
324 -- leaving the arguments to match agains the pattern
326 trimConArgs DEFAULT args = ASSERT( null args ) []
327 trimConArgs (LitAlt lit) args = ASSERT( null args ) []
328 trimConArgs (DataAlt dc) args = dropList (dataConUnivTyVars dc) args
332 %************************************************************************
334 \subsection{Figuring out things about expressions}
336 %************************************************************************
338 @exprIsTrivial@ is true of expressions we are unconditionally happy to
339 duplicate; simple variables and constants, and type
340 applications. Note that primop Ids aren't considered
343 @exprIsBottom@ is true of expressions that are guaranteed to diverge
346 There used to be a gruesome test for (hasNoBinding v) in the
348 exprIsTrivial (Var v) | hasNoBinding v = idArity v == 0
349 The idea here is that a constructor worker, like $wJust, is
350 really short for (\x -> $wJust x), becuase $wJust has no binding.
351 So it should be treated like a lambda. Ditto unsaturated primops.
352 But now constructor workers are not "have-no-binding" Ids. And
353 completely un-applied primops and foreign-call Ids are sufficiently
354 rare that I plan to allow them to be duplicated and put up with
357 SCC notes. We do not treat (_scc_ "foo" x) as trivial, because
358 a) it really generates code, (and a heap object when it's
359 a function arg) to capture the cost centre
360 b) see the note [SCC-and-exprIsTrivial] in Simplify.simplLazyBind
363 exprIsTrivial (Var v) = True -- See notes above
364 exprIsTrivial (Type _) = True
365 exprIsTrivial (Lit lit) = litIsTrivial lit
366 exprIsTrivial (App e arg) = not (isRuntimeArg arg) && exprIsTrivial e
367 exprIsTrivial (Note (SCC _) e) = False -- See notes above
368 exprIsTrivial (Note _ e) = exprIsTrivial e
369 exprIsTrivial (Cast e co) = exprIsTrivial e
370 exprIsTrivial (Lam b body) = not (isRuntimeVar b) && exprIsTrivial body
371 exprIsTrivial other = False
375 @exprIsDupable@ is true of expressions that can be duplicated at a modest
376 cost in code size. This will only happen in different case
377 branches, so there's no issue about duplicating work.
379 That is, exprIsDupable returns True of (f x) even if
380 f is very very expensive to call.
382 Its only purpose is to avoid fruitless let-binding
383 and then inlining of case join points
387 exprIsDupable (Type _) = True
388 exprIsDupable (Var v) = True
389 exprIsDupable (Lit lit) = litIsDupable lit
390 exprIsDupable (Note InlineMe e) = True
391 exprIsDupable (Note _ e) = exprIsDupable e
392 exprIsDupable (Cast e co) = exprIsDupable e
396 go (Var v) n_args = True
397 go (App f a) n_args = n_args < dupAppSize
400 go other n_args = False
403 dupAppSize = 4 -- Size of application we are prepared to duplicate
406 @exprIsCheap@ looks at a Core expression and returns \tr{True} if
407 it is obviously in weak head normal form, or is cheap to get to WHNF.
408 [Note that that's not the same as exprIsDupable; an expression might be
409 big, and hence not dupable, but still cheap.]
411 By ``cheap'' we mean a computation we're willing to:
412 push inside a lambda, or
413 inline at more than one place
414 That might mean it gets evaluated more than once, instead of being
415 shared. The main examples of things which aren't WHNF but are
420 (where e, and all the ei are cheap)
423 (where e and b are cheap)
426 (where op is a cheap primitive operator)
429 (because we are happy to substitute it inside a lambda)
431 Notice that a variable is considered 'cheap': we can push it inside a lambda,
432 because sharing will make sure it is only evaluated once.
435 exprIsCheap :: CoreExpr -> Bool
436 exprIsCheap (Lit lit) = True
437 exprIsCheap (Type _) = True
438 exprIsCheap (Var _) = True
439 exprIsCheap (Note InlineMe e) = True
440 exprIsCheap (Note _ e) = exprIsCheap e
441 exprIsCheap (Cast e co) = exprIsCheap e
442 exprIsCheap (Lam x e) = isRuntimeVar x || exprIsCheap e
443 exprIsCheap (Case e _ _ alts) = exprIsCheap e &&
444 and [exprIsCheap rhs | (_,_,rhs) <- alts]
445 -- Experimentally, treat (case x of ...) as cheap
446 -- (and case __coerce x etc.)
447 -- This improves arities of overloaded functions where
448 -- there is only dictionary selection (no construction) involved
449 exprIsCheap (Let (NonRec x _) e)
450 | isUnLiftedType (idType x) = exprIsCheap e
452 -- strict lets always have cheap right hand sides,
453 -- and do no allocation.
455 exprIsCheap other_expr -- Applications and variables
458 -- Accumulate value arguments, then decide
459 go (App f a) val_args | isRuntimeArg a = go f (a:val_args)
460 | otherwise = go f val_args
462 go (Var f) [] = True -- Just a type application of a variable
463 -- (f t1 t2 t3) counts as WHNF
465 = case globalIdDetails f of
466 RecordSelId {} -> go_sel args
467 ClassOpId _ -> go_sel args
468 PrimOpId op -> go_primop op args
470 DataConWorkId _ -> go_pap args
471 other | length args < idArity f -> go_pap args
473 other -> isBottomingId f
474 -- Application of a function which
475 -- always gives bottom; we treat this as cheap
476 -- because it certainly doesn't need to be shared!
478 go other args = False
481 go_pap args = all exprIsTrivial args
482 -- For constructor applications and primops, check that all
483 -- the args are trivial. We don't want to treat as cheap, say,
485 -- We'll put up with one constructor application, but not dozens
488 go_primop op args = primOpIsCheap op && all exprIsCheap args
489 -- In principle we should worry about primops
490 -- that return a type variable, since the result
491 -- might be applied to something, but I'm not going
492 -- to bother to check the number of args
495 go_sel [arg] = exprIsCheap arg -- I'm experimenting with making record selection
496 go_sel other = False -- look cheap, so we will substitute it inside a
497 -- lambda. Particularly for dictionary field selection.
498 -- BUT: Take care with (sel d x)! The (sel d) might be cheap, but
499 -- there's no guarantee that (sel d x) will be too. Hence (n_val_args == 1)
502 exprOkForSpeculation returns True of an expression that it is
504 * safe to evaluate even if normal order eval might not
505 evaluate the expression at all, or
507 * safe *not* to evaluate even if normal order would do so
511 the expression guarantees to terminate,
513 without raising an exception,
514 without causing a side effect (e.g. writing a mutable variable)
516 NB: if exprIsHNF e, then exprOkForSpecuation e
519 let x = case y# +# 1# of { r# -> I# r# }
522 case y# +# 1# of { r# ->
527 We can only do this if the (y+1) is ok for speculation: it has no
528 side effects, and can't diverge or raise an exception.
531 exprOkForSpeculation :: CoreExpr -> Bool
532 exprOkForSpeculation (Lit _) = True
533 exprOkForSpeculation (Type _) = True
534 -- Tick boxes are *not* suitable for speculation
535 exprOkForSpeculation (Var v) = isUnLiftedType (idType v)
536 && not (isTickBoxOp v)
537 exprOkForSpeculation (Note _ e) = exprOkForSpeculation e
538 exprOkForSpeculation (Cast e co) = exprOkForSpeculation e
539 exprOkForSpeculation other_expr
540 = case collectArgs other_expr of
541 (Var f, args) -> spec_ok (globalIdDetails f) args
545 spec_ok (DataConWorkId _) args
546 = True -- The strictness of the constructor has already
547 -- been expressed by its "wrapper", so we don't need
548 -- to take the arguments into account
550 spec_ok (PrimOpId op) args
551 | isDivOp op, -- Special case for dividing operations that fail
552 [arg1, Lit lit] <- args -- only if the divisor is zero
553 = not (isZeroLit lit) && exprOkForSpeculation arg1
554 -- Often there is a literal divisor, and this
555 -- can get rid of a thunk in an inner looop
558 = primOpOkForSpeculation op &&
559 all exprOkForSpeculation args
560 -- A bit conservative: we don't really need
561 -- to care about lazy arguments, but this is easy
563 spec_ok other args = False
565 isDivOp :: PrimOp -> Bool
566 -- True of dyadic operators that can fail
567 -- only if the second arg is zero
568 -- This function probably belongs in PrimOp, or even in
569 -- an automagically generated file.. but it's such a
570 -- special case I thought I'd leave it here for now.
571 isDivOp IntQuotOp = True
572 isDivOp IntRemOp = True
573 isDivOp WordQuotOp = True
574 isDivOp WordRemOp = True
575 isDivOp IntegerQuotRemOp = True
576 isDivOp IntegerDivModOp = True
577 isDivOp FloatDivOp = True
578 isDivOp DoubleDivOp = True
579 isDivOp other = False
584 exprIsBottom :: CoreExpr -> Bool -- True => definitely bottom
585 exprIsBottom e = go 0 e
587 -- n is the number of args
588 go n (Note _ e) = go n e
589 go n (Cast e co) = go n e
590 go n (Let _ e) = go n e
591 go n (Case e _ _ _) = go 0 e -- Just check the scrut
592 go n (App e _) = go (n+1) e
593 go n (Var v) = idAppIsBottom v n
595 go n (Lam _ _) = False
596 go n (Type _) = False
598 idAppIsBottom :: Id -> Int -> Bool
599 idAppIsBottom id n_val_args = appIsBottom (idNewStrictness id) n_val_args
602 @exprIsHNF@ returns true for expressions that are certainly *already*
603 evaluated to *head* normal form. This is used to decide whether it's ok
606 case x of _ -> e ===> e
608 and to decide whether it's safe to discard a `seq`
610 So, it does *not* treat variables as evaluated, unless they say they are.
612 But it *does* treat partial applications and constructor applications
613 as values, even if their arguments are non-trivial, provided the argument
615 e.g. (:) (f x) (map f xs) is a value
616 map (...redex...) is a value
617 Because `seq` on such things completes immediately
619 For unlifted argument types, we have to be careful:
621 Suppose (f x) diverges; then C (f x) is not a value. However this can't
622 happen: see CoreSyn Note [CoreSyn let/app invariant]. Args of unboxed
623 type must be ok-for-speculation (or trivial).
626 exprIsHNF :: CoreExpr -> Bool -- True => Value-lambda, constructor, PAP
627 exprIsHNF (Var v) -- NB: There are no value args at this point
628 = isDataConWorkId v -- Catches nullary constructors,
629 -- so that [] and () are values, for example
630 || idArity v > 0 -- Catches (e.g.) primops that don't have unfoldings
631 || isEvaldUnfolding (idUnfolding v)
632 -- Check the thing's unfolding; it might be bound to a value
633 -- A worry: what if an Id's unfolding is just itself:
634 -- then we could get an infinite loop...
636 exprIsHNF (Lit l) = True
637 exprIsHNF (Type ty) = True -- Types are honorary Values;
638 -- we don't mind copying them
639 exprIsHNF (Lam b e) = isRuntimeVar b || exprIsHNF e
640 exprIsHNF (Note _ e) = exprIsHNF e
641 exprIsHNF (Cast e co) = exprIsHNF e
642 exprIsHNF (App e (Type _)) = exprIsHNF e
643 exprIsHNF (App e a) = app_is_value e [a]
644 exprIsHNF other = False
646 -- There is at least one value argument
647 app_is_value (Var fun) args
648 = idArity fun > valArgCount args -- Under-applied function
649 || isDataConWorkId fun -- or data constructor
650 app_is_value (Note n f) as = app_is_value f as
651 app_is_value (Cast f _) as = app_is_value f as
652 app_is_value (App f a) as = app_is_value f (a:as)
653 app_is_value other as = False
657 -- These InstPat functions go here to avoid circularity between DataCon and Id
658 dataConRepInstPat = dataConInstPat dataConRepArgTys (repeat (FSLIT("ipv")))
659 dataConRepFSInstPat = dataConInstPat dataConRepArgTys
660 dataConOrigInstPat = dataConInstPat dc_arg_tys (repeat (FSLIT("ipv")))
662 dc_arg_tys dc = map mkPredTy (dataConTheta dc) ++ dataConOrigArgTys dc
663 -- Remember to include the existential dictionaries
665 dataConInstPat :: (DataCon -> [Type]) -- function used to find arg tys
666 -> [FastString] -- A long enough list of FSs to use for names
667 -> [Unique] -- An equally long list of uniques, at least one for each binder
669 -> [Type] -- Types to instantiate the universally quantified tyvars
670 -> ([TyVar], [CoVar], [Id]) -- Return instantiated variables
671 -- dataConInstPat arg_fun fss us con inst_tys returns a triple
672 -- (ex_tvs, co_tvs, arg_ids),
674 -- ex_tvs are intended to be used as binders for existential type args
676 -- co_tvs are intended to be used as binders for coercion args and the kinds
677 -- of these vars have been instantiated by the inst_tys and the ex_tys
679 -- arg_ids are indended to be used as binders for value arguments, including
680 -- dicts, and their types have been instantiated with inst_tys and ex_tys
683 -- The following constructor T1
686 -- T1 :: forall b. Int -> b -> T(a,b)
689 -- has representation type
690 -- forall a. forall a1. forall b. (a :=: (a1,b)) =>
693 -- dataConInstPat fss us T1 (a1',b') will return
695 -- ([a1'', b''], [c :: (a1', b'):=:(a1'', b'')], [x :: Int, y :: b''])
697 -- where the double-primed variables are created with the FastStrings and
698 -- Uniques given as fss and us
699 dataConInstPat arg_fun fss uniqs con inst_tys
700 = (ex_bndrs, co_bndrs, id_bndrs)
702 univ_tvs = dataConUnivTyVars con
703 ex_tvs = dataConExTyVars con
704 arg_tys = arg_fun con
705 eq_spec = dataConEqSpec con
706 eq_preds = eqSpecPreds eq_spec
709 n_co = length eq_spec
711 -- split the Uniques and FastStrings
712 (ex_uniqs, uniqs') = splitAt n_ex uniqs
713 (co_uniqs, id_uniqs) = splitAt n_co uniqs'
715 (ex_fss, fss') = splitAt n_ex fss
716 (co_fss, id_fss) = splitAt n_co fss'
718 -- Make existential type variables
719 ex_bndrs = zipWith3 mk_ex_var ex_uniqs ex_fss ex_tvs
720 mk_ex_var uniq fs var = mkTyVar new_name kind
722 new_name = mkSysTvName uniq fs
725 -- Make the instantiating substitution
726 subst = zipOpenTvSubst (univ_tvs ++ ex_tvs) (inst_tys ++ map mkTyVarTy ex_bndrs)
728 -- Make new coercion vars, instantiating kind
729 co_bndrs = zipWith3 mk_co_var co_uniqs co_fss eq_preds
730 mk_co_var uniq fs eq_pred = mkCoVar new_name co_kind
732 new_name = mkSysTvName uniq fs
733 co_kind = substTy subst (mkPredTy eq_pred)
735 -- make value vars, instantiating types
736 mk_id_var uniq fs ty = mkUserLocal (mkVarOccFS fs) uniq (substTy subst ty) noSrcLoc
737 id_bndrs = zipWith3 mk_id_var id_uniqs id_fss arg_tys
739 exprIsConApp_maybe :: CoreExpr -> Maybe (DataCon, [CoreExpr])
740 -- Returns (Just (dc, [x1..xn])) if the argument expression is
741 -- a constructor application of the form (dc x1 .. xn)
742 exprIsConApp_maybe (Cast expr co)
743 = -- Here we do the PushC reduction rule as described in the FC paper
744 case exprIsConApp_maybe expr of {
746 Just (dc, dc_args) ->
748 -- The transformation applies iff we have
749 -- (C e1 ... en) `cast` co
750 -- where co :: (T t1 .. tn) :=: (T s1 ..sn)
751 -- That is, with a T at the top of both sides
752 -- The left-hand one must be a T, because exprIsConApp returned True
753 -- but the right-hand one might not be. (Though it usually will.)
755 let (from_ty, to_ty) = coercionKind co
756 (from_tc, from_tc_arg_tys) = splitTyConApp from_ty
757 -- The inner one must be a TyConApp
759 case splitTyConApp_maybe to_ty of {
761 Just (to_tc, to_tc_arg_tys)
762 | from_tc /= to_tc -> Nothing
763 -- These two Nothing cases are possible; we might see
764 -- (C x y) `cast` (g :: T a ~ S [a]),
765 -- where S is a type function. In fact, exprIsConApp
766 -- will probably not be called in such circumstances,
767 -- but there't nothing wrong with it
771 tc_arity = tyConArity from_tc
773 (univ_args, rest1) = splitAt tc_arity dc_args
774 (ex_args, rest2) = splitAt n_ex_tvs rest1
775 (co_args, val_args) = splitAt n_cos rest2
777 arg_tys = dataConRepArgTys dc
778 dc_univ_tyvars = dataConUnivTyVars dc
779 dc_ex_tyvars = dataConExTyVars dc
780 dc_eq_spec = dataConEqSpec dc
781 dc_tyvars = dc_univ_tyvars ++ dc_ex_tyvars
782 n_ex_tvs = length dc_ex_tyvars
783 n_cos = length dc_eq_spec
785 -- Make the "theta" from Fig 3 of the paper
786 gammas = decomposeCo tc_arity co
787 new_tys = gammas ++ map (\ (Type t) -> t) ex_args
788 theta = zipOpenTvSubst dc_tyvars new_tys
790 -- First we cast the existential coercion arguments
791 cast_co (tv,ty) (Type co) = Type $ mkSymCoercion (substTyVar theta tv)
793 `mkTransCoercion` (substTy theta ty)
794 new_co_args = zipWith cast_co dc_eq_spec co_args
796 -- ...and now value arguments
797 new_val_args = zipWith cast_arg arg_tys val_args
798 cast_arg arg_ty arg = mkCoerce (substTy theta arg_ty) arg
801 ASSERT( length univ_args == tc_arity )
802 ASSERT( from_tc == dataConTyCon dc )
803 ASSERT( and (zipWith coreEqType [t | Type t <- univ_args] from_tc_arg_tys) )
804 ASSERT( all isTypeArg (univ_args ++ ex_args) )
805 ASSERT2( equalLength val_args arg_tys, ppr dc $$ ppr dc_tyvars $$ ppr dc_ex_tyvars $$ ppr arg_tys $$ ppr dc_args $$ ppr univ_args $$ ppr ex_args $$ ppr val_args $$ ppr arg_tys )
807 Just (dc, map Type to_tc_arg_tys ++ ex_args ++ new_co_args ++ new_val_args)
811 -- We do not want to tell the world that we have a
812 -- Cons, to *stop* Case of Known Cons, which removes
814 exprIsConApp_maybe (Note (TickBox {}) expr)
816 exprIsConApp_maybe (Note (BinaryTickBox {}) expr)
820 exprIsConApp_maybe (Note _ expr)
821 = exprIsConApp_maybe expr
822 -- We ignore InlineMe notes in case we have
823 -- x = __inline_me__ (a,b)
824 -- All part of making sure that INLINE pragmas never hurt
825 -- Marcin tripped on this one when making dictionaries more inlinable
827 -- In fact, we ignore all notes. For example,
828 -- case _scc_ "foo" (C a b) of
830 -- should be optimised away, but it will be only if we look
831 -- through the SCC note.
833 exprIsConApp_maybe expr = analyse (collectArgs expr)
835 analyse (Var fun, args)
836 | Just con <- isDataConWorkId_maybe fun,
837 args `lengthAtLeast` dataConRepArity con
838 -- Might be > because the arity excludes type args
841 -- Look through unfoldings, but only cheap ones, because
842 -- we are effectively duplicating the unfolding
843 analyse (Var fun, [])
844 | let unf = idUnfolding fun,
846 = exprIsConApp_maybe (unfoldingTemplate unf)
848 analyse other = Nothing
853 %************************************************************************
855 \subsection{Eta reduction and expansion}
857 %************************************************************************
860 exprEtaExpandArity :: DynFlags -> CoreExpr -> Arity
861 {- The Arity returned is the number of value args the
862 thing can be applied to without doing much work
864 exprEtaExpandArity is used when eta expanding
867 It returns 1 (or more) to:
868 case x of p -> \s -> ...
869 because for I/O ish things we really want to get that \s to the top.
870 We are prepared to evaluate x each time round the loop in order to get that
872 It's all a bit more subtle than it looks:
876 Consider one-shot lambdas
877 let x = expensive in \y z -> E
878 We want this to have arity 2 if the \y-abstraction is a 1-shot lambda
879 Hence the ArityType returned by arityType
881 2. The state-transformer hack
883 The one-shot lambda special cause is particularly important/useful for
884 IO state transformers, where we often get
885 let x = E in \ s -> ...
887 and the \s is a real-world state token abstraction. Such abstractions
888 are almost invariably 1-shot, so we want to pull the \s out, past the
889 let x=E, even if E is expensive. So we treat state-token lambdas as
890 one-shot even if they aren't really. The hack is in Id.isOneShotBndr.
892 3. Dealing with bottom
895 f = \x -> error "foo"
896 Here, arity 1 is fine. But if it is
900 then we want to get arity 2. Tecnically, this isn't quite right, because
902 should diverge, but it'll converge if we eta-expand f. Nevertheless, we
903 do so; it improves some programs significantly, and increasing convergence
904 isn't a bad thing. Hence the ABot/ATop in ArityType.
906 Actually, the situation is worse. Consider
910 Can we eta-expand here? At first the answer looks like "yes of course", but
913 This should diverge! But if we eta-expand, it won't. Again, we ignore this
914 "problem", because being scrupulous would lose an important transformation for
920 Non-recursive newtypes are transparent, and should not get in the way.
921 We do (currently) eta-expand recursive newtypes too. So if we have, say
923 newtype T = MkT ([T] -> Int)
927 where f has arity 1. Then: etaExpandArity e = 1;
928 that is, etaExpandArity looks through the coerce.
930 When we eta-expand e to arity 1: eta_expand 1 e T
931 we want to get: coerce T (\x::[T] -> (coerce ([T]->Int) e) x)
933 HOWEVER, note that if you use coerce bogusly you can ge
935 And since negate has arity 2, you might try to eta expand. But you can't
936 decopose Int to a function type. Hence the final case in eta_expand.
940 exprEtaExpandArity dflags e = arityDepth (arityType dflags e)
942 -- A limited sort of function type
943 data ArityType = AFun Bool ArityType -- True <=> one-shot
944 | ATop -- Know nothing
947 arityDepth :: ArityType -> Arity
948 arityDepth (AFun _ ty) = 1 + arityDepth ty
951 andArityType ABot at2 = at2
952 andArityType ATop at2 = ATop
953 andArityType (AFun t1 at1) (AFun t2 at2) = AFun (t1 && t2) (andArityType at1 at2)
954 andArityType at1 at2 = andArityType at2 at1
956 arityType :: DynFlags -> CoreExpr -> ArityType
957 -- (go1 e) = [b1,..,bn]
958 -- means expression can be rewritten \x_b1 -> ... \x_bn -> body
959 -- where bi is True <=> the lambda is one-shot
961 arityType dflags (Note n e) = arityType dflags e
962 -- Not needed any more: etaExpand is cleverer
963 -- | ok_note n = arityType dflags e
964 -- | otherwise = ATop
966 arityType dflags (Cast e co) = arityType dflags e
968 arityType dflags (Var v)
969 = mk (idArity v) (arg_tys (idType v))
971 mk :: Arity -> [Type] -> ArityType
972 -- The argument types are only to steer the "state hack"
973 -- Consider case x of
975 -- False -> \(s:RealWorld) -> e
976 -- where foo has arity 1. Then we want the state hack to
977 -- apply to foo too, so we can eta expand the case.
978 mk 0 tys | isBottomingId v = ABot
979 | (ty:tys) <- tys, isStateHackType ty = AFun True ATop
981 mk n (ty:tys) = AFun (isStateHackType ty) (mk (n-1) tys)
982 mk n [] = AFun False (mk (n-1) [])
984 arg_tys :: Type -> [Type] -- Ignore for-alls
986 | Just (_, ty') <- splitForAllTy_maybe ty = arg_tys ty'
987 | Just (arg,res) <- splitFunTy_maybe ty = arg : arg_tys res
990 -- Lambdas; increase arity
991 arityType dflags (Lam x e)
992 | isId x = AFun (isOneShotBndr x) (arityType dflags e)
993 | otherwise = arityType dflags e
995 -- Applications; decrease arity
996 arityType dflags (App f (Type _)) = arityType dflags f
997 arityType dflags (App f a) = case arityType dflags f of
998 AFun one_shot xs | exprIsCheap a -> xs
1001 -- Case/Let; keep arity if either the expression is cheap
1002 -- or it's a 1-shot lambda
1003 -- The former is not really right for Haskell
1004 -- f x = case x of { (a,b) -> \y. e }
1006 -- f x y = case x of { (a,b) -> e }
1007 -- The difference is observable using 'seq'
1008 arityType dflags (Case scrut _ _ alts)
1009 = case foldr1 andArityType [arityType dflags rhs | (_,_,rhs) <- alts] of
1010 xs | exprIsCheap scrut -> xs
1011 xs@(AFun one_shot _) | one_shot -> AFun True ATop
1014 arityType dflags (Let b e)
1015 = case arityType dflags e of
1016 xs | cheap_bind b -> xs
1017 xs@(AFun one_shot _) | one_shot -> AFun True ATop
1020 cheap_bind (NonRec b e) = is_cheap (b,e)
1021 cheap_bind (Rec prs) = all is_cheap prs
1022 is_cheap (b,e) = (dopt Opt_DictsCheap dflags && isDictId b)
1024 -- If the experimental -fdicts-cheap flag is on, we eta-expand through
1025 -- dictionary bindings. This improves arities. Thereby, it also
1026 -- means that full laziness is less prone to floating out the
1027 -- application of a function to its dictionary arguments, which
1028 -- can thereby lose opportunities for fusion. Example:
1029 -- foo :: Ord a => a -> ...
1030 -- foo = /\a \(d:Ord a). let d' = ...d... in \(x:a). ....
1031 -- -- So foo has arity 1
1033 -- f = \x. foo dInt $ bar x
1035 -- The (foo DInt) is floated out, and makes ineffective a RULE
1036 -- foo (bar x) = ...
1038 -- One could go further and make exprIsCheap reply True to any
1039 -- dictionary-typed expression, but that's more work.
1041 arityType dflags other = ATop
1043 {- NOT NEEDED ANY MORE: etaExpand is cleverer
1044 ok_note InlineMe = False
1045 ok_note other = True
1046 -- Notice that we do not look through __inline_me__
1047 -- This may seem surprising, but consider
1048 -- f = _inline_me (\x -> e)
1049 -- We DO NOT want to eta expand this to
1050 -- f = \x -> (_inline_me (\x -> e)) x
1051 -- because the _inline_me gets dropped now it is applied,
1060 etaExpand :: Arity -- Result should have this number of value args
1062 -> CoreExpr -> Type -- Expression and its type
1064 -- (etaExpand n us e ty) returns an expression with
1065 -- the same meaning as 'e', but with arity 'n'.
1067 -- Given e' = etaExpand n us e ty
1069 -- ty = exprType e = exprType e'
1071 -- Note that SCCs are not treated specially. If we have
1072 -- etaExpand 2 (\x -> scc "foo" e)
1073 -- = (\xy -> (scc "foo" e) y)
1074 -- So the costs of evaluating 'e' (not 'e y') are attributed to "foo"
1076 etaExpand n us expr ty
1077 | manifestArity expr >= n = expr -- The no-op case
1079 = eta_expand n us expr ty
1082 -- manifestArity sees how many leading value lambdas there are
1083 manifestArity :: CoreExpr -> Arity
1084 manifestArity (Lam v e) | isId v = 1 + manifestArity e
1085 | otherwise = manifestArity e
1086 manifestArity (Note _ e) = manifestArity e
1087 manifestArity (Cast e _) = manifestArity e
1090 -- etaExpand deals with for-alls. For example:
1092 -- where E :: forall a. a -> a
1094 -- (/\b. \y::a -> E b y)
1096 -- It deals with coerces too, though they are now rare
1097 -- so perhaps the extra code isn't worth it
1099 eta_expand n us expr ty
1101 -- The ILX code generator requires eta expansion for type arguments
1102 -- too, but alas the 'n' doesn't tell us how many of them there
1103 -- may be. So we eagerly eta expand any big lambdas, and just
1104 -- cross our fingers about possible loss of sharing in the ILX case.
1105 -- The Right Thing is probably to make 'arity' include
1106 -- type variables throughout the compiler. (ToDo.)
1108 -- Saturated, so nothing to do
1111 -- Short cut for the case where there already
1112 -- is a lambda; no point in gratuitously adding more
1113 eta_expand n us (Lam v body) ty
1115 = Lam v (eta_expand n us body (applyTy ty (mkTyVarTy v)))
1118 = Lam v (eta_expand (n-1) us body (funResultTy ty))
1120 -- We used to have a special case that stepped inside Coerces here,
1121 -- thus: eta_expand n us (Note note@(Coerce _ ty) e) _
1122 -- = Note note (eta_expand n us e ty)
1123 -- BUT this led to an infinite loop
1124 -- Example: newtype T = MkT (Int -> Int)
1125 -- eta_expand 1 (coerce (Int->Int) e)
1126 -- --> coerce (Int->Int) (eta_expand 1 T e)
1128 -- --> coerce (Int->Int) (coerce T
1129 -- (\x::Int -> eta_expand 1 (coerce (Int->Int) e)))
1130 -- by the splitNewType_maybe case below
1133 eta_expand n us expr ty
1134 = ASSERT2 (exprType expr `coreEqType` ty, ppr (exprType expr) $$ ppr ty)
1135 case splitForAllTy_maybe ty of {
1138 Lam lam_tv (eta_expand n us2 (App expr (Type (mkTyVarTy lam_tv))) (substTyWith [tv] [mkTyVarTy lam_tv] ty'))
1140 lam_tv = setVarName tv (mkSysTvName uniq FSLIT("etaT"))
1141 -- Using tv as a base retains its tyvar/covar-ness
1145 case splitFunTy_maybe ty of {
1146 Just (arg_ty, res_ty) -> Lam arg1 (eta_expand (n-1) us2 (App expr (Var arg1)) res_ty)
1148 arg1 = mkSysLocal FSLIT("eta") uniq arg_ty
1154 -- newtype T = MkT ([T] -> Int)
1155 -- Consider eta-expanding this
1158 -- coerce T (\x::[T] -> (coerce ([T]->Int) e) x)
1160 case splitNewTypeRepCo_maybe ty of {
1162 mkCoerce (mkSymCoercion co) (eta_expand n us (mkCoerce co expr) ty1) ;
1165 -- We have an expression of arity > 0, but its type isn't a function
1166 -- This *can* legitmately happen: e.g. coerce Int (\x. x)
1167 -- Essentially the programmer is playing fast and loose with types
1168 -- (Happy does this a lot). So we simply decline to eta-expand.
1173 exprArity is a cheap-and-cheerful version of exprEtaExpandArity.
1174 It tells how many things the expression can be applied to before doing
1175 any work. It doesn't look inside cases, lets, etc. The idea is that
1176 exprEtaExpandArity will do the hard work, leaving something that's easy
1177 for exprArity to grapple with. In particular, Simplify uses exprArity to
1178 compute the ArityInfo for the Id.
1180 Originally I thought that it was enough just to look for top-level lambdas, but
1181 it isn't. I've seen this
1183 foo = PrelBase.timesInt
1185 We want foo to get arity 2 even though the eta-expander will leave it
1186 unchanged, in the expectation that it'll be inlined. But occasionally it
1187 isn't, because foo is blacklisted (used in a rule).
1189 Similarly, see the ok_note check in exprEtaExpandArity. So
1190 f = __inline_me (\x -> e)
1191 won't be eta-expanded.
1193 And in any case it seems more robust to have exprArity be a bit more intelligent.
1194 But note that (\x y z -> f x y z)
1195 should have arity 3, regardless of f's arity.
1198 exprArity :: CoreExpr -> Arity
1201 go (Var v) = idArity v
1202 go (Lam x e) | isId x = go e + 1
1204 go (Note n e) = go e
1205 go (Cast e _) = go e
1206 go (App e (Type t)) = go e
1207 go (App f a) | exprIsCheap a = (go f - 1) `max` 0
1208 -- NB: exprIsCheap a!
1209 -- f (fac x) does not have arity 2,
1210 -- even if f has arity 3!
1211 -- NB: `max 0`! (\x y -> f x) has arity 2, even if f is
1212 -- unknown, hence arity 0
1216 %************************************************************************
1218 \subsection{Equality}
1220 %************************************************************************
1222 @cheapEqExpr@ is a cheap equality test which bales out fast!
1223 True => definitely equal
1224 False => may or may not be equal
1227 cheapEqExpr :: Expr b -> Expr b -> Bool
1229 cheapEqExpr (Var v1) (Var v2) = v1==v2
1230 cheapEqExpr (Lit lit1) (Lit lit2) = lit1 == lit2
1231 cheapEqExpr (Type t1) (Type t2) = t1 `coreEqType` t2
1233 cheapEqExpr (App f1 a1) (App f2 a2)
1234 = f1 `cheapEqExpr` f2 && a1 `cheapEqExpr` a2
1236 cheapEqExpr _ _ = False
1238 exprIsBig :: Expr b -> Bool
1239 -- Returns True of expressions that are too big to be compared by cheapEqExpr
1240 exprIsBig (Lit _) = False
1241 exprIsBig (Var v) = False
1242 exprIsBig (Type t) = False
1243 exprIsBig (App f a) = exprIsBig f || exprIsBig a
1244 exprIsBig (Cast e _) = exprIsBig e -- Hopefully coercions are not too big!
1245 exprIsBig other = True
1250 tcEqExpr :: CoreExpr -> CoreExpr -> Bool
1251 -- Used in rule matching, so does *not* look through
1252 -- newtypes, predicate types; hence tcEqExpr
1254 tcEqExpr e1 e2 = tcEqExprX rn_env e1 e2
1256 rn_env = mkRnEnv2 (mkInScopeSet (exprFreeVars e1 `unionVarSet` exprFreeVars e2))
1258 tcEqExprX :: RnEnv2 -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr -> Bool
1259 tcEqExprX env (Var v1) (Var v2) = rnOccL env v1 == rnOccR env v2
1260 tcEqExprX env (Lit lit1) (Lit lit2) = lit1 == lit2
1261 tcEqExprX env (App f1 a1) (App f2 a2) = tcEqExprX env f1 f2 && tcEqExprX env a1 a2
1262 tcEqExprX env (Lam v1 e1) (Lam v2 e2) = tcEqExprX (rnBndr2 env v1 v2) e1 e2
1263 tcEqExprX env (Let (NonRec v1 r1) e1)
1264 (Let (NonRec v2 r2) e2) = tcEqExprX env r1 r2
1265 && tcEqExprX (rnBndr2 env v1 v2) e1 e2
1266 tcEqExprX env (Let (Rec ps1) e1)
1267 (Let (Rec ps2) e2) = equalLength ps1 ps2
1268 && and (zipWith eq_rhs ps1 ps2)
1269 && tcEqExprX env' e1 e2
1271 env' = foldl2 rn_bndr2 env ps2 ps2
1272 rn_bndr2 env (b1,_) (b2,_) = rnBndr2 env b1 b2
1273 eq_rhs (_,r1) (_,r2) = tcEqExprX env' r1 r2
1274 tcEqExprX env (Case e1 v1 t1 a1)
1275 (Case e2 v2 t2 a2) = tcEqExprX env e1 e2
1276 && tcEqTypeX env t1 t2
1277 && equalLength a1 a2
1278 && and (zipWith (eq_alt env') a1 a2)
1280 env' = rnBndr2 env v1 v2
1282 tcEqExprX env (Note n1 e1) (Note n2 e2) = eq_note env n1 n2 && tcEqExprX env e1 e2
1283 tcEqExprX env (Cast e1 co1) (Cast e2 co2) = tcEqTypeX env co1 co2 && tcEqExprX env e1 e2
1284 tcEqExprX env (Type t1) (Type t2) = tcEqTypeX env t1 t2
1285 tcEqExprX env e1 e2 = False
1287 eq_alt env (c1,vs1,r1) (c2,vs2,r2) = c1==c2 && tcEqExprX (rnBndrs2 env vs1 vs2) r1 r2
1289 eq_note env (SCC cc1) (SCC cc2) = cc1 == cc2
1290 eq_note env (CoreNote s1) (CoreNote s2) = s1 == s2
1291 eq_note env other1 other2 = False
1295 %************************************************************************
1297 \subsection{The size of an expression}
1299 %************************************************************************
1302 coreBindsSize :: [CoreBind] -> Int
1303 coreBindsSize bs = foldr ((+) . bindSize) 0 bs
1305 exprSize :: CoreExpr -> Int
1306 -- A measure of the size of the expressions
1307 -- It also forces the expression pretty drastically as a side effect
1308 exprSize (Var v) = v `seq` 1
1309 exprSize (Lit lit) = lit `seq` 1
1310 exprSize (App f a) = exprSize f + exprSize a
1311 exprSize (Lam b e) = varSize b + exprSize e
1312 exprSize (Let b e) = bindSize b + exprSize e
1313 exprSize (Case e b t as) = seqType t `seq` exprSize e + varSize b + 1 + foldr ((+) . altSize) 0 as
1314 exprSize (Cast e co) = (seqType co `seq` 1) + exprSize e
1315 exprSize (Note n e) = noteSize n + exprSize e
1316 exprSize (Type t) = seqType t `seq` 1
1318 noteSize (SCC cc) = cc `seq` 1
1319 noteSize InlineMe = 1
1320 noteSize (CoreNote s) = s `seq` 1 -- hdaume: core annotations
1322 varSize :: Var -> Int
1323 varSize b | isTyVar b = 1
1324 | otherwise = seqType (idType b) `seq`
1325 megaSeqIdInfo (idInfo b) `seq`
1328 varsSize = foldr ((+) . varSize) 0
1330 bindSize (NonRec b e) = varSize b + exprSize e
1331 bindSize (Rec prs) = foldr ((+) . pairSize) 0 prs
1333 pairSize (b,e) = varSize b + exprSize e
1335 altSize (c,bs,e) = c `seq` varsSize bs + exprSize e
1339 %************************************************************************
1341 \subsection{Hashing}
1343 %************************************************************************
1346 hashExpr :: CoreExpr -> Int
1347 -- Two expressions that hash to the same Int may be equal (but may not be)
1348 -- Two expressions that hash to the different Ints are definitely unequal
1350 -- But "unequal" here means "not identical"; two alpha-equivalent
1351 -- expressions may hash to the different Ints
1353 -- The emphasis is on a crude, fast hash, rather than on high precision
1355 -- We must be careful that \x.x and \y.y map to the same hash code,
1356 -- (at least if we want the above invariant to be true)
1358 hashExpr e = fromIntegral (hash_expr (1,emptyVarEnv) e .&. 0x7fffffff)
1359 -- UniqFM doesn't like negative Ints
1361 type HashEnv = (Int, VarEnv Int) -- Hash code for bound variables
1363 hash_expr :: HashEnv -> CoreExpr -> Word32
1364 -- Word32, because we're expecting overflows here, and overflowing
1365 -- signed types just isn't cool. In C it's even undefined.
1366 hash_expr env (Note _ e) = hash_expr env e
1367 hash_expr env (Cast e co) = hash_expr env e
1368 hash_expr env (Var v) = hashVar env v
1369 hash_expr env (Lit lit) = fromIntegral (hashLiteral lit)
1370 hash_expr env (App f e) = hash_expr env f * fast_hash_expr env e
1371 hash_expr env (Let (NonRec b r) e) = hash_expr (extend_env env b) e * fast_hash_expr env r
1372 hash_expr env (Let (Rec ((b,r):_)) e) = hash_expr (extend_env env b) e
1373 hash_expr env (Case e _ _ _) = hash_expr env e
1374 hash_expr env (Lam b e) = hash_expr (extend_env env b) e
1375 hash_expr env (Type t) = WARN(True, text "hash_expr: type") 1
1376 -- Shouldn't happen. Better to use WARN than trace, because trace
1377 -- prevents the CPR optimisation kicking in for hash_expr.
1379 fast_hash_expr env (Var v) = hashVar env v
1380 fast_hash_expr env (Type t) = fast_hash_type env t
1381 fast_hash_expr env (Lit lit) = fromIntegral (hashLiteral lit)
1382 fast_hash_expr env (Cast e co) = fast_hash_expr env e
1383 fast_hash_expr env (Note n e) = fast_hash_expr env e
1384 fast_hash_expr env (App f a) = fast_hash_expr env a -- A bit idiosyncratic ('a' not 'f')!
1385 fast_hash_expr env other = 1
1387 fast_hash_type :: HashEnv -> Type -> Word32
1388 fast_hash_type env ty
1389 | Just tv <- getTyVar_maybe ty = hashVar env tv
1390 | Just (tc,_) <- splitTyConApp_maybe ty
1391 = fromIntegral (hashName (tyConName tc))
1394 extend_env :: HashEnv -> Var -> (Int, VarEnv Int)
1395 extend_env (n,env) b = (n+1, extendVarEnv env b n)
1397 hashVar :: HashEnv -> Var -> Word32
1399 = fromIntegral (lookupVarEnv env v `orElse` hashName (idName v))
1402 %************************************************************************
1404 \subsection{Determining non-updatable right-hand-sides}
1406 %************************************************************************
1408 Top-level constructor applications can usually be allocated
1409 statically, but they can't if the constructor, or any of the
1410 arguments, come from another DLL (because we can't refer to static
1411 labels in other DLLs).
1413 If this happens we simply make the RHS into an updatable thunk,
1414 and 'exectute' it rather than allocating it statically.
1417 rhsIsStatic :: PackageId -> CoreExpr -> Bool
1418 -- This function is called only on *top-level* right-hand sides
1419 -- Returns True if the RHS can be allocated statically, with
1420 -- no thunks involved at all.
1422 -- It's called (i) in TidyPgm.hasCafRefs to decide if the rhs is, or
1423 -- refers to, CAFs; and (ii) in CoreToStg to decide whether to put an
1424 -- update flag on it.
1426 -- The basic idea is that rhsIsStatic returns True only if the RHS is
1427 -- (a) a value lambda
1428 -- (b) a saturated constructor application with static args
1430 -- BUT watch out for
1431 -- (i) Any cross-DLL references kill static-ness completely
1432 -- because they must be 'executed' not statically allocated
1433 -- ("DLL" here really only refers to Windows DLLs, on other platforms,
1434 -- this is not necessary)
1436 -- (ii) We treat partial applications as redexes, because in fact we
1437 -- make a thunk for them that runs and builds a PAP
1438 -- at run-time. The only appliations that are treated as
1439 -- static are *saturated* applications of constructors.
1441 -- We used to try to be clever with nested structures like this:
1442 -- ys = (:) w ((:) w [])
1443 -- on the grounds that CorePrep will flatten ANF-ise it later.
1444 -- But supporting this special case made the function much more
1445 -- complicated, because the special case only applies if there are no
1446 -- enclosing type lambdas:
1447 -- ys = /\ a -> Foo (Baz ([] a))
1448 -- Here the nested (Baz []) won't float out to top level in CorePrep.
1450 -- But in fact, even without -O, nested structures at top level are
1451 -- flattened by the simplifier, so we don't need to be super-clever here.
1455 -- f = \x::Int. x+7 TRUE
1456 -- p = (True,False) TRUE
1458 -- d = (fst p, False) FALSE because there's a redex inside
1459 -- (this particular one doesn't happen but...)
1461 -- h = D# (1.0## /## 2.0##) FALSE (redex again)
1462 -- n = /\a. Nil a TRUE
1464 -- t = /\a. (:) (case w a of ...) (Nil a) FALSE (redex)
1467 -- This is a bit like CoreUtils.exprIsHNF, with the following differences:
1468 -- a) scc "foo" (\x -> ...) is updatable (so we catch the right SCC)
1470 -- b) (C x xs), where C is a contructors is updatable if the application is
1473 -- c) don't look through unfolding of f in (f x).
1475 -- When opt_RuntimeTypes is on, we keep type lambdas and treat
1476 -- them as making the RHS re-entrant (non-updatable).
1478 rhsIsStatic this_pkg rhs = is_static False rhs
1480 is_static :: Bool -- True <=> in a constructor argument; must be atomic
1483 is_static False (Lam b e) = isRuntimeVar b || is_static False e
1485 is_static in_arg (Note (SCC _) e) = False
1486 is_static in_arg (Note _ e) = is_static in_arg e
1487 is_static in_arg (Cast e co) = is_static in_arg e
1489 is_static in_arg (Lit lit)
1491 MachLabel _ _ -> False
1493 -- A MachLabel (foreign import "&foo") in an argument
1494 -- prevents a constructor application from being static. The
1495 -- reason is that it might give rise to unresolvable symbols
1496 -- in the object file: under Linux, references to "weak"
1497 -- symbols from the data segment give rise to "unresolvable
1498 -- relocation" errors at link time This might be due to a bug
1499 -- in the linker, but we'll work around it here anyway.
1502 is_static in_arg other_expr = go other_expr 0
1504 go (Var f) n_val_args
1505 #if mingw32_TARGET_OS
1506 | not (isDllName this_pkg (idName f))
1508 = saturated_data_con f n_val_args
1509 || (in_arg && n_val_args == 0)
1510 -- A naked un-applied variable is *not* deemed a static RHS
1512 -- Reason: better to update so that the indirection gets shorted
1513 -- out, and the true value will be seen
1514 -- NB: if you change this, you'll break the invariant that THUNK_STATICs
1515 -- are always updatable. If you do so, make sure that non-updatable
1516 -- ones have enough space for their static link field!
1518 go (App f a) n_val_args
1519 | isTypeArg a = go f n_val_args
1520 | not in_arg && is_static True a = go f (n_val_args + 1)
1521 -- The (not in_arg) checks that we aren't in a constructor argument;
1522 -- if we are, we don't allow (value) applications of any sort
1524 -- NB. In case you wonder, args are sometimes not atomic. eg.
1525 -- x = D# (1.0## /## 2.0##)
1526 -- can't float because /## can fail.
1528 go (Note (SCC _) f) n_val_args = False
1529 go (Note _ f) n_val_args = go f n_val_args
1530 go (Cast e co) n_val_args = go e n_val_args
1532 go other n_val_args = False
1534 saturated_data_con f n_val_args
1535 = case isDataConWorkId_maybe f of
1536 Just dc -> n_val_args == dataConRepArity dc