1 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
2 -- $Id: primops.txt.pp,v 1.37 2005/11/25 09:46:19 simonmar Exp $
4 -- Primitive Operations and Types
6 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
8 -- This file is processed by the utility program genprimopcode to produce
9 -- a number of include files within the compiler and optionally to produce
10 -- human-readable documentation.
12 -- It should first be preprocessed.
14 -- To add a new primop, you currently need to update the following files:
16 -- - this file (ghc/compiler/prelude/primops.txt.pp), which includes
17 -- the type of the primop, and various other properties (its
18 -- strictness attributes, whether it is defined as a macro
19 -- or as out-of-line code, etc.)
21 -- - if the primop is inline (i.e. a macro), then:
22 -- ghc/compiler/AbsCUtils.lhs (dscCOpStmt)
23 -- defines the translation of the primop into simpler
24 -- abstract C operations.
26 -- - or, for an out-of-line primop:
27 -- ghc/includes/StgMiscClosures.h (just add the declaration)
28 -- ghc/rts/PrimOps.cmm (define it here)
29 -- ghc/rts/Linker.c (declare the symbol for GHCi)
34 -- This file is divided into named sections, each containing or more
35 -- primop entries. Section headers have the format:
37 -- section "section-name" {description}
39 -- This information is used solely when producing documentation; it is
40 -- otherwise ignored. The description is optional.
42 -- The format of each primop entry is as follows:
44 -- primop internal-name "name-in-program-text" type category {description} attributes
46 -- The default attribute values which apply if you don't specify
47 -- other ones. Attribute values can be True, False, or arbitrary
48 -- text between curly brackets. This is a kludge to enable
49 -- processors of this file to easily get hold of simple info
50 -- (eg, out_of_line), whilst avoiding parsing complex expressions
51 -- needed for strictness info.
54 has_side_effects = False
59 strictness = { \ arity -> mkStrictSig (mkTopDmdType (replicate arity lazyDmd) TopRes) }
61 -- Currently, documentation is produced using latex, so contents of
62 -- description fields should be legal latex. Descriptions can contain
63 -- matched pairs of embedded curly brackets.
67 -- We need platform defines (tests for mingw32 below). However, we only
68 -- test the TARGET platform, which doesn't vary between stages, so the
69 -- stage1 platform defines are fine:
70 #include "../stage1/ghc_boot_platform.h"
72 section "The word size story."
73 {Haskell98 specifies that signed integers (type {\tt Int})
74 must contain at least 30 bits. GHC always implements {\tt
75 Int} using the primitive type {\tt Int\#}, whose size equals
76 the {\tt MachDeps.h} constant {\tt WORD\_SIZE\_IN\_BITS}.
77 This is normally set based on the {\tt config.h} parameter
78 {\tt SIZEOF\_HSWORD}, i.e., 32 bits on 32-bit machines, 64
79 bits on 64-bit machines. However, it can also be explicitly
80 set to a smaller number, e.g., 31 bits, to allow the
81 possibility of using tag bits. Currently GHC itself has only
82 32-bit and 64-bit variants, but 30 or 31-bit code can be
83 exported as an external core file for use in other back ends.
85 GHC also implements a primitive unsigned integer type {\tt
86 Word\#} which always has the same number of bits as {\tt
89 In addition, GHC supports families of explicit-sized integers
90 and words at 8, 16, 32, and 64 bits, with the usual
91 arithmetic operations, comparisons, and a range of
92 conversions. The 8-bit and 16-bit sizes are always
93 represented as {\tt Int\#} and {\tt Word\#}, and the
94 operations implemented in terms of the the primops on these
95 types, with suitable range restrictions on the results (using
96 the {\tt narrow$n$Int\#} and {\tt narrow$n$Word\#} families
97 of primops. The 32-bit sizes are represented using {\tt
98 Int\#} and {\tt Word\#} when {\tt WORD\_SIZE\_IN\_BITS}
99 $\geq$ 32; otherwise, these are represented using distinct
100 primitive types {\tt Int32\#} and {\tt Word32\#}. These (when
101 needed) have a complete set of corresponding operations;
102 however, nearly all of these are implemented as external C
103 functions rather than as primops. Exactly the same story
104 applies to the 64-bit sizes. All of these details are hidden
105 under the {\tt PrelInt} and {\tt PrelWord} modules, which use
106 {\tt \#if}-defs to invoke the appropriate types and
109 Word size also matters for the families of primops for
110 indexing/reading/writing fixed-size quantities at offsets
111 from an array base, address, or foreign pointer. Here, a
112 slightly different approach is taken. The names of these
113 primops are fixed, but their {\it types} vary according to
114 the value of {\tt WORD\_SIZE\_IN\_BITS}. For example, if word
115 size is at least 32 bits then an operator like
116 \texttt{indexInt32Array\#} has type {\tt ByteArr\# -> Int\#
117 -> Int\#}; otherwise it has type {\tt ByteArr\# -> Int\# ->
118 Int32\#}. This approach confines the necessary {\tt
119 \#if}-defs to this file; no conditional compilation is needed
120 in the files that expose these primops.
122 Finally, there are strongly deprecated primops for coercing
123 between {\tt Addr\#}, the primitive type of machine
124 addresses, and {\tt Int\#}. These are pretty bogus anyway,
125 but will work on existing 32-bit and 64-bit GHC targets; they
126 are completely bogus when tag bits are used in {\tt Int\#},
127 so are not available in this case. }
129 -- Define synonyms for indexing ops.
131 #if WORD_SIZE_IN_BITS < 32
133 #define WORD32 Word32#
139 #if WORD_SIZE_IN_BITS < 64
141 #define WORD64 Word64#
147 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
149 {Operations on 31-bit characters.}
150 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
154 primop CharGtOp "gtChar#" Compare Char# -> Char# -> Bool
155 primop CharGeOp "geChar#" Compare Char# -> Char# -> Bool
157 primop CharEqOp "eqChar#" Compare
158 Char# -> Char# -> Bool
159 with commutable = True
161 primop CharNeOp "neChar#" Compare
162 Char# -> Char# -> Bool
163 with commutable = True
165 primop CharLtOp "ltChar#" Compare Char# -> Char# -> Bool
166 primop CharLeOp "leChar#" Compare Char# -> Char# -> Bool
168 primop OrdOp "ord#" GenPrimOp Char# -> Int#
170 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
172 {Operations on native-size integers (30+ bits).}
173 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
177 primop IntAddOp "+#" Dyadic
179 with commutable = True
181 primop IntSubOp "-#" Dyadic Int# -> Int# -> Int#
184 Dyadic Int# -> Int# -> Int#
185 {Low word of signed integer multiply.}
186 with commutable = True
188 primop IntMulMayOfloOp "mulIntMayOflo#"
189 Dyadic Int# -> Int# -> Int#
190 {Return non-zero if there is any possibility that the upper word of a
191 signed integer multiply might contain useful information. Return
192 zero only if you are completely sure that no overflow can occur.
193 On a 32-bit platform, the recommmended implementation is to do a
194 32 x 32 -> 64 signed multiply, and subtract result[63:32] from
195 (result[31] >>signed 31). If this is zero, meaning that the
196 upper word is merely a sign extension of the lower one, no
199 On a 64-bit platform it is not always possible to
200 acquire the top 64 bits of the result. Therefore, a recommended
201 implementation is to take the absolute value of both operands, and
202 return 0 iff bits[63:31] of them are zero, since that means that their
203 magnitudes fit within 31 bits, so the magnitude of the product must fit
206 If in doubt, return non-zero, but do make an effort to create the
207 correct answer for small args, since otherwise the performance of
208 \texttt{(*) :: Integer -> Integer -> Integer} will be poor.
210 with commutable = True
212 primop IntQuotOp "quotInt#" Dyadic
214 {Rounds towards zero.}
217 primop IntRemOp "remInt#" Dyadic
219 {Satisfies \texttt{(quotInt\# x y) *\# y +\# (remInt\# x y) == x}.}
222 primop IntGcdOp "gcdInt#" Dyadic Int# -> Int# -> Int#
223 with out_of_line = True
225 primop IntNegOp "negateInt#" Monadic Int# -> Int#
226 primop IntAddCOp "addIntC#" GenPrimOp Int# -> Int# -> (# Int#, Int# #)
227 {Add with carry. First member of result is (wrapped) sum;
228 second member is 0 iff no overflow occured.}
229 primop IntSubCOp "subIntC#" GenPrimOp Int# -> Int# -> (# Int#, Int# #)
230 {Subtract with carry. First member of result is (wrapped) difference;
231 second member is 0 iff no overflow occured.}
233 primop IntGtOp ">#" Compare Int# -> Int# -> Bool
234 primop IntGeOp ">=#" Compare Int# -> Int# -> Bool
236 primop IntEqOp "==#" Compare
238 with commutable = True
240 primop IntNeOp "/=#" Compare
242 with commutable = True
244 primop IntLtOp "<#" Compare Int# -> Int# -> Bool
245 primop IntLeOp "<=#" Compare Int# -> Int# -> Bool
247 primop ChrOp "chr#" GenPrimOp Int# -> Char#
249 primop Int2WordOp "int2Word#" GenPrimOp Int# -> Word#
250 primop Int2FloatOp "int2Float#" GenPrimOp Int# -> Float#
251 primop Int2DoubleOp "int2Double#" GenPrimOp Int# -> Double#
253 primop Int2IntegerOp "int2Integer#"
254 GenPrimOp Int# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
255 with out_of_line = True
257 primop ISllOp "uncheckedIShiftL#" GenPrimOp Int# -> Int# -> Int#
258 {Shift left. Result undefined if shift amount is not
259 in the range 0 to word size - 1 inclusive.}
260 primop ISraOp "uncheckedIShiftRA#" GenPrimOp Int# -> Int# -> Int#
261 {Shift right arithmetic. Result undefined if shift amount is not
262 in the range 0 to word size - 1 inclusive.}
263 primop ISrlOp "uncheckedIShiftRL#" GenPrimOp Int# -> Int# -> Int#
264 {Shift right logical. Result undefined if shift amount is not
265 in the range 0 to word size - 1 inclusive.}
267 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
269 {Operations on native-sized unsigned words (30+ bits).}
270 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
274 primop WordAddOp "plusWord#" Dyadic Word# -> Word# -> Word#
275 with commutable = True
277 primop WordSubOp "minusWord#" Dyadic Word# -> Word# -> Word#
279 primop WordMulOp "timesWord#" Dyadic Word# -> Word# -> Word#
280 with commutable = True
282 primop WordQuotOp "quotWord#" Dyadic Word# -> Word# -> Word#
285 primop WordRemOp "remWord#" Dyadic Word# -> Word# -> Word#
288 primop AndOp "and#" Dyadic Word# -> Word# -> Word#
289 with commutable = True
291 primop OrOp "or#" Dyadic Word# -> Word# -> Word#
292 with commutable = True
294 primop XorOp "xor#" Dyadic Word# -> Word# -> Word#
295 with commutable = True
297 primop NotOp "not#" Monadic Word# -> Word#
299 primop SllOp "uncheckedShiftL#" GenPrimOp Word# -> Int# -> Word#
300 {Shift left logical. Result undefined if shift amount is not
301 in the range 0 to word size - 1 inclusive.}
302 primop SrlOp "uncheckedShiftRL#" GenPrimOp Word# -> Int# -> Word#
303 {Shift right logical. Result undefined if shift amount is not
304 in the range 0 to word size - 1 inclusive.}
306 primop Word2IntOp "word2Int#" GenPrimOp Word# -> Int#
308 primop Word2IntegerOp "word2Integer#" GenPrimOp
309 Word# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
310 with out_of_line = True
312 primop WordGtOp "gtWord#" Compare Word# -> Word# -> Bool
313 primop WordGeOp "geWord#" Compare Word# -> Word# -> Bool
314 primop WordEqOp "eqWord#" Compare Word# -> Word# -> Bool
315 primop WordNeOp "neWord#" Compare Word# -> Word# -> Bool
316 primop WordLtOp "ltWord#" Compare Word# -> Word# -> Bool
317 primop WordLeOp "leWord#" Compare Word# -> Word# -> Bool
319 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
321 {Explicit narrowing of native-sized ints or words.}
322 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
324 primop Narrow8IntOp "narrow8Int#" Monadic Int# -> Int#
325 primop Narrow16IntOp "narrow16Int#" Monadic Int# -> Int#
326 primop Narrow32IntOp "narrow32Int#" Monadic Int# -> Int#
327 primop Narrow8WordOp "narrow8Word#" Monadic Word# -> Word#
328 primop Narrow16WordOp "narrow16Word#" Monadic Word# -> Word#
329 primop Narrow32WordOp "narrow32Word#" Monadic Word# -> Word#
332 #if WORD_SIZE_IN_BITS < 32
333 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
335 {Operations on 32-bit integers ({\tt Int32\#}). This type is only used
336 if plain {\tt Int\#} has less than 32 bits. In any case, the operations
337 are not primops; they are implemented (if needed) as ccalls instead.}
338 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
342 primop Int32ToIntegerOp "int32ToInteger#" GenPrimOp
343 Int32# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
344 with out_of_line = True
347 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
349 {Operations on 32-bit unsigned words. This type is only used
350 if plain {\tt Word\#} has less than 32 bits. In any case, the operations
351 are not primops; they are implemented (if needed) as ccalls instead.}
352 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
356 primop Word32ToIntegerOp "word32ToInteger#" GenPrimOp
357 Word32# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
358 with out_of_line = True
364 #if WORD_SIZE_IN_BITS < 64
365 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
367 {Operations on 64-bit unsigned words. This type is only used
368 if plain {\tt Int\#} has less than 64 bits. In any case, the operations
369 are not primops; they are implemented (if needed) as ccalls instead.}
370 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
374 primop Int64ToIntegerOp "int64ToInteger#" GenPrimOp
375 Int64# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
376 with out_of_line = True
378 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
380 {Operations on 64-bit unsigned words. This type is only used
381 if plain {\tt Word\#} has less than 64 bits. In any case, the operations
382 are not primops; they are implemented (if needed) as ccalls instead.}
383 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
387 primop Word64ToIntegerOp "word64ToInteger#" GenPrimOp
388 Word64# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
389 with out_of_line = True
393 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
395 {Operations on arbitrary-precision integers. These operations are
396 implemented via the GMP package. An integer is represented as a pair
397 consisting of an {\tt Int\#} representing the number of 'limbs' in use and
398 the sign, and a {\tt ByteArr\#} containing the 'limbs' themselves. Such pairs
399 are returned as unboxed pairs, but must be passed as separate
402 For .NET these operations are implemented by foreign imports, so the
403 primops are omitted.}
404 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
408 primop IntegerAddOp "plusInteger#" GenPrimOp
409 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int# -> ByteArr# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
410 with commutable = True
413 primop IntegerSubOp "minusInteger#" GenPrimOp
414 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int# -> ByteArr# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
415 with out_of_line = True
417 primop IntegerMulOp "timesInteger#" GenPrimOp
418 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int# -> ByteArr# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
419 with commutable = True
422 primop IntegerGcdOp "gcdInteger#" GenPrimOp
423 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int# -> ByteArr# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
424 {Greatest common divisor.}
425 with commutable = True
428 primop IntegerIntGcdOp "gcdIntegerInt#" GenPrimOp
429 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int# -> Int#
430 {Greatest common divisor, where second argument is an ordinary {\tt Int\#}.}
431 with out_of_line = True
433 primop IntegerDivExactOp "divExactInteger#" GenPrimOp
434 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int# -> ByteArr# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
435 {Divisor is guaranteed to be a factor of dividend.}
436 with out_of_line = True
438 primop IntegerQuotOp "quotInteger#" GenPrimOp
439 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int# -> ByteArr# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
440 {Rounds towards zero.}
441 with out_of_line = True
443 primop IntegerRemOp "remInteger#" GenPrimOp
444 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int# -> ByteArr# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
445 {Satisfies \texttt{plusInteger\# (timesInteger\# (quotInteger\# x y) y) (remInteger\# x y) == x}.}
446 with out_of_line = True
448 primop IntegerCmpOp "cmpInteger#" GenPrimOp
449 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int#
450 {Returns -1,0,1 according as first argument is less than, equal to, or greater than second argument.}
451 with needs_wrapper = True
454 primop IntegerCmpIntOp "cmpIntegerInt#" GenPrimOp
455 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int# -> Int#
456 {Returns -1,0,1 according as first argument is less than, equal to, or greater than second argument, which
457 is an ordinary Int\#.}
458 with needs_wrapper = True
461 primop IntegerQuotRemOp "quotRemInteger#" GenPrimOp
462 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int# -> ByteArr# -> (# Int#, ByteArr#, Int#, ByteArr# #)
463 {Compute quot and rem simulaneously.}
467 primop IntegerDivModOp "divModInteger#" GenPrimOp
468 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int# -> ByteArr# -> (# Int#, ByteArr#, Int#, ByteArr# #)
469 {Compute div and mod simultaneously, where div rounds towards negative infinity
470 and\texttt{(q,r) = divModInteger\#(x,y)} implies \texttt{plusInteger\# (timesInteger\# q y) r = x}.}
474 primop Integer2IntOp "integer2Int#" GenPrimOp
475 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int#
476 with needs_wrapper = True
479 primop Integer2WordOp "integer2Word#" GenPrimOp
480 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Word#
481 with needs_wrapper = True
484 #if WORD_SIZE_IN_BITS < 32
485 primop IntegerToInt32Op "integerToInt32#" GenPrimOp
486 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int32#
488 primop IntegerToWord32Op "integerToWord32#" GenPrimOp
489 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Word32#
492 primop IntegerAndOp "andInteger#" GenPrimOp
493 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int# -> ByteArr# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
494 with out_of_line = True
496 primop IntegerOrOp "orInteger#" GenPrimOp
497 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int# -> ByteArr# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
498 with out_of_line = True
500 primop IntegerXorOp "xorInteger#" GenPrimOp
501 Int# -> ByteArr# -> Int# -> ByteArr# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
502 with out_of_line = True
504 primop IntegerComplementOp "complementInteger#" GenPrimOp
505 Int# -> ByteArr# -> (# Int#, ByteArr# #)
506 with out_of_line = True
508 #endif /* ndef ILX */
510 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
512 {Operations on double-precision (64 bit) floating-point numbers.}
513 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
517 primop DoubleGtOp ">##" Compare Double# -> Double# -> Bool
518 primop DoubleGeOp ">=##" Compare Double# -> Double# -> Bool
520 primop DoubleEqOp "==##" Compare
521 Double# -> Double# -> Bool
522 with commutable = True
524 primop DoubleNeOp "/=##" Compare
525 Double# -> Double# -> Bool
526 with commutable = True
528 primop DoubleLtOp "<##" Compare Double# -> Double# -> Bool
529 primop DoubleLeOp "<=##" Compare Double# -> Double# -> Bool
531 primop DoubleAddOp "+##" Dyadic
532 Double# -> Double# -> Double#
533 with commutable = True
535 primop DoubleSubOp "-##" Dyadic Double# -> Double# -> Double#
537 primop DoubleMulOp "*##" Dyadic
538 Double# -> Double# -> Double#
539 with commutable = True
541 primop DoubleDivOp "/##" Dyadic
542 Double# -> Double# -> Double#
545 primop DoubleNegOp "negateDouble#" Monadic Double# -> Double#
547 primop Double2IntOp "double2Int#" GenPrimOp Double# -> Int#
548 {Truncates a {\tt Double#} value to the nearest {\tt Int#}.
549 Results are undefined if the truncation if truncation yields
550 a value outside the range of {\tt Int#}.}
552 primop Double2FloatOp "double2Float#" GenPrimOp Double# -> Float#
554 primop DoubleExpOp "expDouble#" Monadic
556 with needs_wrapper = True
558 primop DoubleLogOp "logDouble#" Monadic
564 primop DoubleSqrtOp "sqrtDouble#" Monadic
566 with needs_wrapper = True
568 primop DoubleSinOp "sinDouble#" Monadic
570 with needs_wrapper = True
572 primop DoubleCosOp "cosDouble#" Monadic
574 with needs_wrapper = True
576 primop DoubleTanOp "tanDouble#" Monadic
578 with needs_wrapper = True
580 primop DoubleAsinOp "asinDouble#" Monadic
586 primop DoubleAcosOp "acosDouble#" Monadic
592 primop DoubleAtanOp "atanDouble#" Monadic
597 primop DoubleSinhOp "sinhDouble#" Monadic
599 with needs_wrapper = True
601 primop DoubleCoshOp "coshDouble#" Monadic
603 with needs_wrapper = True
605 primop DoubleTanhOp "tanhDouble#" Monadic
607 with needs_wrapper = True
609 primop DoublePowerOp "**##" Dyadic
610 Double# -> Double# -> Double#
612 with needs_wrapper = True
614 primop DoubleDecodeOp "decodeDouble#" GenPrimOp
615 Double# -> (# Int#, Int#, ByteArr# #)
616 {Convert to arbitrary-precision integer.
617 First {\tt Int\#} in result is the exponent; second {\tt Int\#} and {\tt ByteArr\#}
618 represent an {\tt Integer\#} holding the mantissa.}
619 with out_of_line = True
621 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
623 {Operations on single-precision (32-bit) floating-point numbers.}
624 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
628 primop FloatGtOp "gtFloat#" Compare Float# -> Float# -> Bool
629 primop FloatGeOp "geFloat#" Compare Float# -> Float# -> Bool
631 primop FloatEqOp "eqFloat#" Compare
632 Float# -> Float# -> Bool
633 with commutable = True
635 primop FloatNeOp "neFloat#" Compare
636 Float# -> Float# -> Bool
637 with commutable = True
639 primop FloatLtOp "ltFloat#" Compare Float# -> Float# -> Bool
640 primop FloatLeOp "leFloat#" Compare Float# -> Float# -> Bool
642 primop FloatAddOp "plusFloat#" Dyadic
643 Float# -> Float# -> Float#
644 with commutable = True
646 primop FloatSubOp "minusFloat#" Dyadic Float# -> Float# -> Float#
648 primop FloatMulOp "timesFloat#" Dyadic
649 Float# -> Float# -> Float#
650 with commutable = True
652 primop FloatDivOp "divideFloat#" Dyadic
653 Float# -> Float# -> Float#
656 primop FloatNegOp "negateFloat#" Monadic Float# -> Float#
658 primop Float2IntOp "float2Int#" GenPrimOp Float# -> Int#
659 {Truncates a {\tt Float#} value to the nearest {\tt Int#}.
660 Results are undefined if the truncation if truncation yields
661 a value outside the range of {\tt Int#}.}
663 primop FloatExpOp "expFloat#" Monadic
665 with needs_wrapper = True
667 primop FloatLogOp "logFloat#" Monadic
669 with needs_wrapper = True
672 primop FloatSqrtOp "sqrtFloat#" Monadic
674 with needs_wrapper = True
676 primop FloatSinOp "sinFloat#" Monadic
678 with needs_wrapper = True
680 primop FloatCosOp "cosFloat#" Monadic
682 with needs_wrapper = True
684 primop FloatTanOp "tanFloat#" Monadic
686 with needs_wrapper = True
688 primop FloatAsinOp "asinFloat#" Monadic
690 with needs_wrapper = True
693 primop FloatAcosOp "acosFloat#" Monadic
695 with needs_wrapper = True
698 primop FloatAtanOp "atanFloat#" Monadic
700 with needs_wrapper = True
702 primop FloatSinhOp "sinhFloat#" Monadic
704 with needs_wrapper = True
706 primop FloatCoshOp "coshFloat#" Monadic
708 with needs_wrapper = True
710 primop FloatTanhOp "tanhFloat#" Monadic
712 with needs_wrapper = True
714 primop FloatPowerOp "powerFloat#" Dyadic
715 Float# -> Float# -> Float#
716 with needs_wrapper = True
718 primop Float2DoubleOp "float2Double#" GenPrimOp Float# -> Double#
720 primop FloatDecodeOp "decodeFloat#" GenPrimOp
721 Float# -> (# Int#, Int#, ByteArr# #)
722 {Convert to arbitrary-precision integer.
723 First {\tt Int\#} in result is the exponent; second {\tt Int\#} and {\tt ByteArr\#}
724 represent an {\tt Integer\#} holding the mantissa.}
725 with out_of_line = True
727 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
729 {Operations on {\tt Array\#}.}
730 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
736 primop NewArrayOp "newArray#" GenPrimOp
737 Int# -> a -> State# s -> (# State# s, MutArr# s a #)
738 {Create a new mutable array of specified size (in bytes),
739 in the specified state thread,
740 with each element containing the specified initial value.}
744 primop SameMutableArrayOp "sameMutableArray#" GenPrimOp
745 MutArr# s a -> MutArr# s a -> Bool
747 primop ReadArrayOp "readArray#" GenPrimOp
748 MutArr# s a -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, a #)
749 {Read from specified index of mutable array. Result is not yet evaluated.}
751 primop WriteArrayOp "writeArray#" GenPrimOp
752 MutArr# s a -> Int# -> a -> State# s -> State# s
753 {Write to specified index of mutable array.}
755 has_side_effects = True
757 primop IndexArrayOp "indexArray#" GenPrimOp
758 Array# a -> Int# -> (# a #)
759 {Read from specified index of immutable array. Result is packaged into
760 an unboxed singleton; the result itself is not yet evaluated.}
762 primop UnsafeFreezeArrayOp "unsafeFreezeArray#" GenPrimOp
763 MutArr# s a -> State# s -> (# State# s, Array# a #)
764 {Make a mutable array immutable, without copying.}
766 has_side_effects = True
768 primop UnsafeThawArrayOp "unsafeThawArray#" GenPrimOp
769 Array# a -> State# s -> (# State# s, MutArr# s a #)
770 {Make an immutable array mutable, without copying.}
774 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
775 section "Byte Arrays"
776 {Operations on {\tt ByteArray\#}. A {\tt ByteArray\#} is a just a region of
777 raw memory in the garbage-collected heap, which is not scanned
778 for pointers. It carries its own size (in bytes). There are
779 three sets of operations for accessing byte array contents:
780 index for reading from immutable byte arrays, and read/write
781 for mutable byte arrays. Each set contains operations for
782 a range of useful primitive data types. Each operation takes
783 an offset measured in terms of the size fo the primitive type
784 being read or written.}
786 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
790 primtype MutByteArr# s
792 primop NewByteArrayOp_Char "newByteArray#" GenPrimOp
793 Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, MutByteArr# s #)
794 {Create a new mutable byte array of specified size (in bytes), in
795 the specified state thread.}
796 with out_of_line = True
798 primop NewPinnedByteArrayOp_Char "newPinnedByteArray#" GenPrimOp
799 Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, MutByteArr# s #)
800 {Create a mutable byte array that the GC guarantees not to move.}
801 with out_of_line = True
803 primop ByteArrayContents_Char "byteArrayContents#" GenPrimOp
805 {Intended for use with pinned arrays; otherwise very unsafe!}
807 primop SameMutableByteArrayOp "sameMutableByteArray#" GenPrimOp
808 MutByteArr# s -> MutByteArr# s -> Bool
810 primop UnsafeFreezeByteArrayOp "unsafeFreezeByteArray#" GenPrimOp
811 MutByteArr# s -> State# s -> (# State# s, ByteArr# #)
812 {Make a mutable byte array immutable, without copying.}
814 has_side_effects = True
816 primop SizeofByteArrayOp "sizeofByteArray#" GenPrimOp
819 primop SizeofMutableByteArrayOp "sizeofMutableByteArray#" GenPrimOp
820 MutByteArr# s -> Int#
823 primop IndexByteArrayOp_Char "indexCharArray#" GenPrimOp
824 ByteArr# -> Int# -> Char#
825 {Read 8-bit character; offset in bytes.}
827 primop IndexByteArrayOp_WideChar "indexWideCharArray#" GenPrimOp
828 ByteArr# -> Int# -> Char#
829 {Read 31-bit character; offset in 4-byte words.}
831 primop IndexByteArrayOp_Int "indexIntArray#" GenPrimOp
832 ByteArr# -> Int# -> Int#
834 primop IndexByteArrayOp_Word "indexWordArray#" GenPrimOp
835 ByteArr# -> Int# -> Word#
837 primop IndexByteArrayOp_Addr "indexAddrArray#" GenPrimOp
838 ByteArr# -> Int# -> Addr#
840 primop IndexByteArrayOp_Float "indexFloatArray#" GenPrimOp
841 ByteArr# -> Int# -> Float#
843 primop IndexByteArrayOp_Double "indexDoubleArray#" GenPrimOp
844 ByteArr# -> Int# -> Double#
846 primop IndexByteArrayOp_StablePtr "indexStablePtrArray#" GenPrimOp
847 ByteArr# -> Int# -> StablePtr# a
849 primop IndexByteArrayOp_Int8 "indexInt8Array#" GenPrimOp
850 ByteArr# -> Int# -> Int#
852 primop IndexByteArrayOp_Int16 "indexInt16Array#" GenPrimOp
853 ByteArr# -> Int# -> Int#
855 primop IndexByteArrayOp_Int32 "indexInt32Array#" GenPrimOp
856 ByteArr# -> Int# -> INT32
858 primop IndexByteArrayOp_Int64 "indexInt64Array#" GenPrimOp
859 ByteArr# -> Int# -> INT64
861 primop IndexByteArrayOp_Word8 "indexWord8Array#" GenPrimOp
862 ByteArr# -> Int# -> Word#
864 primop IndexByteArrayOp_Word16 "indexWord16Array#" GenPrimOp
865 ByteArr# -> Int# -> Word#
867 primop IndexByteArrayOp_Word32 "indexWord32Array#" GenPrimOp
868 ByteArr# -> Int# -> WORD32
870 primop IndexByteArrayOp_Word64 "indexWord64Array#" GenPrimOp
871 ByteArr# -> Int# -> WORD64
873 primop ReadByteArrayOp_Char "readCharArray#" GenPrimOp
874 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Char# #)
875 {Read 8-bit character; offset in bytes.}
877 primop ReadByteArrayOp_WideChar "readWideCharArray#" GenPrimOp
878 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Char# #)
879 {Read 31-bit character; offset in 4-byte words.}
881 primop ReadByteArrayOp_Int "readIntArray#" GenPrimOp
882 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Int# #)
884 primop ReadByteArrayOp_Word "readWordArray#" GenPrimOp
885 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Word# #)
887 primop ReadByteArrayOp_Addr "readAddrArray#" GenPrimOp
888 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Addr# #)
890 primop ReadByteArrayOp_Float "readFloatArray#" GenPrimOp
891 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Float# #)
893 primop ReadByteArrayOp_Double "readDoubleArray#" GenPrimOp
894 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Double# #)
896 primop ReadByteArrayOp_StablePtr "readStablePtrArray#" GenPrimOp
897 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, StablePtr# a #)
899 primop ReadByteArrayOp_Int8 "readInt8Array#" GenPrimOp
900 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Int# #)
902 primop ReadByteArrayOp_Int16 "readInt16Array#" GenPrimOp
903 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Int# #)
905 primop ReadByteArrayOp_Int32 "readInt32Array#" GenPrimOp
906 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, INT32 #)
908 primop ReadByteArrayOp_Int64 "readInt64Array#" GenPrimOp
909 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, INT64 #)
911 primop ReadByteArrayOp_Word8 "readWord8Array#" GenPrimOp
912 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Word# #)
914 primop ReadByteArrayOp_Word16 "readWord16Array#" GenPrimOp
915 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Word# #)
917 primop ReadByteArrayOp_Word32 "readWord32Array#" GenPrimOp
918 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, WORD32 #)
920 primop ReadByteArrayOp_Word64 "readWord64Array#" GenPrimOp
921 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, WORD64 #)
923 primop WriteByteArrayOp_Char "writeCharArray#" GenPrimOp
924 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> Char# -> State# s -> State# s
925 {Write 8-bit character; offset in bytes.}
926 with has_side_effects = True
928 primop WriteByteArrayOp_WideChar "writeWideCharArray#" GenPrimOp
929 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> Char# -> State# s -> State# s
930 {Write 31-bit character; offset in 4-byte words.}
931 with has_side_effects = True
933 primop WriteByteArrayOp_Int "writeIntArray#" GenPrimOp
934 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> Int# -> State# s -> State# s
935 with has_side_effects = True
937 primop WriteByteArrayOp_Word "writeWordArray#" GenPrimOp
938 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> Word# -> State# s -> State# s
939 with has_side_effects = True
941 primop WriteByteArrayOp_Addr "writeAddrArray#" GenPrimOp
942 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> Addr# -> State# s -> State# s
943 with has_side_effects = True
945 primop WriteByteArrayOp_Float "writeFloatArray#" GenPrimOp
946 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> Float# -> State# s -> State# s
947 with has_side_effects = True
949 primop WriteByteArrayOp_Double "writeDoubleArray#" GenPrimOp
950 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> Double# -> State# s -> State# s
951 with has_side_effects = True
953 primop WriteByteArrayOp_StablePtr "writeStablePtrArray#" GenPrimOp
954 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> StablePtr# a -> State# s -> State# s
955 with has_side_effects = True
957 primop WriteByteArrayOp_Int8 "writeInt8Array#" GenPrimOp
958 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> Int# -> State# s -> State# s
959 with has_side_effects = True
961 primop WriteByteArrayOp_Int16 "writeInt16Array#" GenPrimOp
962 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> Int# -> State# s -> State# s
963 with has_side_effects = True
965 primop WriteByteArrayOp_Int32 "writeInt32Array#" GenPrimOp
966 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> INT32 -> State# s -> State# s
967 with has_side_effects = True
969 primop WriteByteArrayOp_Int64 "writeInt64Array#" GenPrimOp
970 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> INT64 -> State# s -> State# s
971 with has_side_effects = True
973 primop WriteByteArrayOp_Word8 "writeWord8Array#" GenPrimOp
974 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> Word# -> State# s -> State# s
975 with has_side_effects = True
977 primop WriteByteArrayOp_Word16 "writeWord16Array#" GenPrimOp
978 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> Word# -> State# s -> State# s
979 with has_side_effects = True
981 primop WriteByteArrayOp_Word32 "writeWord32Array#" GenPrimOp
982 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> WORD32 -> State# s -> State# s
983 with has_side_effects = True
985 primop WriteByteArrayOp_Word64 "writeWord64Array#" GenPrimOp
986 MutByteArr# s -> Int# -> WORD64 -> State# s -> State# s
987 with has_side_effects = True
989 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
991 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
994 { An arbitrary machine address assumed to point outside
995 the garbage-collected heap. }
997 pseudoop "nullAddr#" Addr#
998 { The null address. }
1000 primop AddrAddOp "plusAddr#" GenPrimOp Addr# -> Int# -> Addr#
1001 primop AddrSubOp "minusAddr#" GenPrimOp Addr# -> Addr# -> Int#
1002 {Result is meaningless if two {\tt Addr\#}s are so far apart that their
1003 difference doesn't fit in an {\tt Int\#}.}
1004 primop AddrRemOp "remAddr#" GenPrimOp Addr# -> Int# -> Int#
1005 {Return the remainder when the {\tt Addr\#} arg, treated like an {\tt Int\#},
1006 is divided by the {\tt Int\#} arg.}
1007 #if (WORD_SIZE_IN_BITS == 32 || WORD_SIZE_IN_BITS == 64)
1008 primop Addr2IntOp "addr2Int#" GenPrimOp Addr# -> Int#
1009 {Coerce directly from address to int. Strongly deprecated.}
1010 primop Int2AddrOp "int2Addr#" GenPrimOp Int# -> Addr#
1011 {Coerce directly from int to address. Strongly deprecated.}
1014 primop AddrGtOp "gtAddr#" Compare Addr# -> Addr# -> Bool
1015 primop AddrGeOp "geAddr#" Compare Addr# -> Addr# -> Bool
1016 primop AddrEqOp "eqAddr#" Compare Addr# -> Addr# -> Bool
1017 primop AddrNeOp "neAddr#" Compare Addr# -> Addr# -> Bool
1018 primop AddrLtOp "ltAddr#" Compare Addr# -> Addr# -> Bool
1019 primop AddrLeOp "leAddr#" Compare Addr# -> Addr# -> Bool
1021 primop IndexOffAddrOp_Char "indexCharOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1022 Addr# -> Int# -> Char#
1023 {Reads 8-bit character; offset in bytes.}
1025 primop IndexOffAddrOp_WideChar "indexWideCharOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1026 Addr# -> Int# -> Char#
1027 {Reads 31-bit character; offset in 4-byte words.}
1029 primop IndexOffAddrOp_Int "indexIntOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1030 Addr# -> Int# -> Int#
1032 primop IndexOffAddrOp_Word "indexWordOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1033 Addr# -> Int# -> Word#
1035 primop IndexOffAddrOp_Addr "indexAddrOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1036 Addr# -> Int# -> Addr#
1038 primop IndexOffAddrOp_Float "indexFloatOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1039 Addr# -> Int# -> Float#
1041 primop IndexOffAddrOp_Double "indexDoubleOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1042 Addr# -> Int# -> Double#
1044 primop IndexOffAddrOp_StablePtr "indexStablePtrOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1045 Addr# -> Int# -> StablePtr# a
1047 primop IndexOffAddrOp_Int8 "indexInt8OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1048 Addr# -> Int# -> Int#
1050 primop IndexOffAddrOp_Int16 "indexInt16OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1051 Addr# -> Int# -> Int#
1053 primop IndexOffAddrOp_Int32 "indexInt32OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1054 Addr# -> Int# -> INT32
1056 primop IndexOffAddrOp_Int64 "indexInt64OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1057 Addr# -> Int# -> INT64
1059 primop IndexOffAddrOp_Word8 "indexWord8OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1060 Addr# -> Int# -> Word#
1062 primop IndexOffAddrOp_Word16 "indexWord16OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1063 Addr# -> Int# -> Word#
1065 primop IndexOffAddrOp_Word32 "indexWord32OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1066 Addr# -> Int# -> WORD32
1068 primop IndexOffAddrOp_Word64 "indexWord64OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1069 Addr# -> Int# -> WORD64
1071 primop ReadOffAddrOp_Char "readCharOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1072 Addr# -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Char# #)
1073 {Reads 8-bit character; offset in bytes.}
1075 primop ReadOffAddrOp_WideChar "readWideCharOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1076 Addr# -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Char# #)
1077 {Reads 31-bit character; offset in 4-byte words.}
1079 primop ReadOffAddrOp_Int "readIntOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1080 Addr# -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Int# #)
1082 primop ReadOffAddrOp_Word "readWordOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1083 Addr# -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Word# #)
1085 primop ReadOffAddrOp_Addr "readAddrOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1086 Addr# -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Addr# #)
1088 primop ReadOffAddrOp_Float "readFloatOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1089 Addr# -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Float# #)
1091 primop ReadOffAddrOp_Double "readDoubleOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1092 Addr# -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Double# #)
1094 primop ReadOffAddrOp_StablePtr "readStablePtrOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1095 Addr# -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, StablePtr# a #)
1097 primop ReadOffAddrOp_Int8 "readInt8OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1098 Addr# -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Int# #)
1100 primop ReadOffAddrOp_Int16 "readInt16OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1101 Addr# -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Int# #)
1103 primop ReadOffAddrOp_Int32 "readInt32OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1104 Addr# -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, INT32 #)
1106 primop ReadOffAddrOp_Int64 "readInt64OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1107 Addr# -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, INT64 #)
1109 primop ReadOffAddrOp_Word8 "readWord8OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1110 Addr# -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Word# #)
1112 primop ReadOffAddrOp_Word16 "readWord16OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1113 Addr# -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, Word# #)
1115 primop ReadOffAddrOp_Word32 "readWord32OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1116 Addr# -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, WORD32 #)
1118 primop ReadOffAddrOp_Word64 "readWord64OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1119 Addr# -> Int# -> State# s -> (# State# s, WORD64 #)
1122 primop WriteOffAddrOp_Char "writeCharOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1123 Addr# -> Int# -> Char# -> State# s -> State# s
1124 with has_side_effects = True
1126 primop WriteOffAddrOp_WideChar "writeWideCharOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1127 Addr# -> Int# -> Char# -> State# s -> State# s
1128 with has_side_effects = True
1130 primop WriteOffAddrOp_Int "writeIntOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1131 Addr# -> Int# -> Int# -> State# s -> State# s
1132 with has_side_effects = True
1134 primop WriteOffAddrOp_Word "writeWordOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1135 Addr# -> Int# -> Word# -> State# s -> State# s
1136 with has_side_effects = True
1138 primop WriteOffAddrOp_Addr "writeAddrOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1139 Addr# -> Int# -> Addr# -> State# s -> State# s
1140 with has_side_effects = True
1142 primop WriteOffAddrOp_Float "writeFloatOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1143 Addr# -> Int# -> Float# -> State# s -> State# s
1144 with has_side_effects = True
1146 primop WriteOffAddrOp_Double "writeDoubleOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1147 Addr# -> Int# -> Double# -> State# s -> State# s
1148 with has_side_effects = True
1150 primop WriteOffAddrOp_StablePtr "writeStablePtrOffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1151 Addr# -> Int# -> StablePtr# a -> State# s -> State# s
1152 with has_side_effects = True
1154 primop WriteOffAddrOp_Int8 "writeInt8OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1155 Addr# -> Int# -> Int# -> State# s -> State# s
1156 with has_side_effects = True
1158 primop WriteOffAddrOp_Int16 "writeInt16OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1159 Addr# -> Int# -> Int# -> State# s -> State# s
1160 with has_side_effects = True
1162 primop WriteOffAddrOp_Int32 "writeInt32OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1163 Addr# -> Int# -> INT32 -> State# s -> State# s
1164 with has_side_effects = True
1166 primop WriteOffAddrOp_Int64 "writeInt64OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1167 Addr# -> Int# -> INT64 -> State# s -> State# s
1168 with has_side_effects = True
1170 primop WriteOffAddrOp_Word8 "writeWord8OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1171 Addr# -> Int# -> Word# -> State# s -> State# s
1172 with has_side_effects = True
1174 primop WriteOffAddrOp_Word16 "writeWord16OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1175 Addr# -> Int# -> Word# -> State# s -> State# s
1176 with has_side_effects = True
1178 primop WriteOffAddrOp_Word32 "writeWord32OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1179 Addr# -> Int# -> WORD32 -> State# s -> State# s
1180 with has_side_effects = True
1182 primop WriteOffAddrOp_Word64 "writeWord64OffAddr#" GenPrimOp
1183 Addr# -> Int# -> WORD64 -> State# s -> State# s
1184 with has_side_effects = True
1186 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1187 section "Mutable variables"
1188 {Operations on MutVar\#s.}
1189 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1191 primtype MutVar# s a
1192 {A {\tt MutVar\#} behaves like a single-element mutable array.}
1194 primop NewMutVarOp "newMutVar#" GenPrimOp
1195 a -> State# s -> (# State# s, MutVar# s a #)
1196 {Create {\tt MutVar\#} with specified initial value in specified state thread.}
1200 primop ReadMutVarOp "readMutVar#" GenPrimOp
1201 MutVar# s a -> State# s -> (# State# s, a #)
1202 {Read contents of {\tt MutVar\#}. Result is not yet evaluated.}
1204 primop WriteMutVarOp "writeMutVar#" GenPrimOp
1205 MutVar# s a -> a -> State# s -> State# s
1206 {Write contents of {\tt MutVar\#}.}
1208 has_side_effects = True
1210 primop SameMutVarOp "sameMutVar#" GenPrimOp
1211 MutVar# s a -> MutVar# s a -> Bool
1213 -- not really the right type, but we don't know about pairs here. The
1216 -- MutVar# s a -> (a -> (a,b)) -> State# s -> (# State# s, b #)
1218 primop AtomicModifyMutVarOp "atomicModifyMutVar#" GenPrimOp
1219 MutVar# s a -> (a -> b) -> State# s -> (# State# s, c #)
1221 has_side_effects = True
1224 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1225 section "Exceptions"
1226 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1228 primop CatchOp "catch#" GenPrimOp
1229 (State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #) )
1230 -> (b -> State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #) )
1232 -> (# State# RealWorld, a #)
1234 -- Catch is actually strict in its first argument
1235 -- but we don't want to tell the strictness
1236 -- analyser about that!
1237 -- might use caught action multiply
1240 primop RaiseOp "raise#" GenPrimOp
1243 strictness = { \ arity -> mkStrictSig (mkTopDmdType [lazyDmd] BotRes) }
1244 -- NB: result is bottom
1247 -- raiseIO# needs to be a primop, because exceptions in the IO monad
1248 -- must be *precise* - we don't want the strictness analyser turning
1249 -- one kind of bottom into another, as it is allowed to do in pure code.
1251 primop RaiseIOOp "raiseIO#" GenPrimOp
1252 a -> State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, b #)
1256 primop BlockAsyncExceptionsOp "blockAsyncExceptions#" GenPrimOp
1257 (State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #))
1258 -> (State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #))
1262 primop UnblockAsyncExceptionsOp "unblockAsyncExceptions#" GenPrimOp
1263 (State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #))
1264 -> (State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #))
1268 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1269 section "STM-accessible Mutable Variables"
1270 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1274 primop AtomicallyOp "atomically#" GenPrimOp
1275 (State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #) )
1276 -> State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #)
1279 has_side_effects = True
1281 primop RetryOp "retry#" GenPrimOp
1282 State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #)
1285 has_side_effects = True
1287 primop CatchRetryOp "catchRetry#" GenPrimOp
1288 (State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #) )
1289 -> (State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #) )
1290 -> (State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #) )
1293 has_side_effects = True
1295 primop CatchSTMOp "catchSTM#" GenPrimOp
1296 (State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #) )
1297 -> (b -> State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #) )
1298 -> (State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #) )
1301 has_side_effects = True
1303 primop Check "check#" GenPrimOp
1304 (State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #) )
1305 -> (State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, () #) )
1308 has_side_effects = True
1310 primop NewTVarOp "newTVar#" GenPrimOp
1312 -> State# s -> (# State# s, TVar# s a #)
1313 {Create a new {\tt TVar\#} holding a specified initial value.}
1317 primop ReadTVarOp "readTVar#" GenPrimOp
1319 -> State# s -> (# State# s, a #)
1320 {Read contents of {\tt TVar\#}. Result is not yet evaluated.}
1324 primop WriteTVarOp "writeTVar#" GenPrimOp
1327 -> State# s -> State# s
1328 {Write contents of {\tt TVar\#}.}
1331 has_side_effects = True
1333 primop SameTVarOp "sameTVar#" GenPrimOp
1334 TVar# s a -> TVar# s a -> Bool
1337 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1338 section "Synchronized Mutable Variables"
1339 {Operations on {\tt MVar\#}s. }
1340 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1343 { A shared mutable variable ({\it not} the same as a {\tt MutVar\#}!).
1344 (Note: in a non-concurrent implementation, {\tt (MVar\# a)} can be
1345 represented by {\tt (MutVar\# (Maybe a))}.) }
1347 primop NewMVarOp "newMVar#" GenPrimOp
1348 State# s -> (# State# s, MVar# s a #)
1349 {Create new {\tt MVar\#}; initially empty.}
1353 primop TakeMVarOp "takeMVar#" GenPrimOp
1354 MVar# s a -> State# s -> (# State# s, a #)
1355 {If {\tt MVar\#} is empty, block until it becomes full.
1356 Then remove and return its contents, and set it empty.}
1358 has_side_effects = True
1361 primop TryTakeMVarOp "tryTakeMVar#" GenPrimOp
1362 MVar# s a -> State# s -> (# State# s, Int#, a #)
1363 {If {\tt MVar\#} is empty, immediately return with integer 0 and value undefined.
1364 Otherwise, return with integer 1 and contents of {\tt MVar\#}, and set {\tt MVar\#} empty.}
1366 has_side_effects = True
1369 primop PutMVarOp "putMVar#" GenPrimOp
1370 MVar# s a -> a -> State# s -> State# s
1371 {If {\tt MVar\#} is full, block until it becomes empty.
1372 Then store value arg as its new contents.}
1374 has_side_effects = True
1377 primop TryPutMVarOp "tryPutMVar#" GenPrimOp
1378 MVar# s a -> a -> State# s -> (# State# s, Int# #)
1379 {If {\tt MVar\#} is full, immediately return with integer 0.
1380 Otherwise, store value arg as {\tt MVar\#}'s new contents, and return with integer 1.}
1382 has_side_effects = True
1385 primop SameMVarOp "sameMVar#" GenPrimOp
1386 MVar# s a -> MVar# s a -> Bool
1388 primop IsEmptyMVarOp "isEmptyMVar#" GenPrimOp
1389 MVar# s a -> State# s -> (# State# s, Int# #)
1390 {Return 1 if {\tt MVar\#} is empty; 0 otherwise.}
1394 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1395 section "Delay/wait operations"
1396 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1398 primop DelayOp "delay#" GenPrimOp
1399 Int# -> State# s -> State# s
1400 {Sleep specified number of microseconds.}
1402 needs_wrapper = True
1403 has_side_effects = True
1406 primop WaitReadOp "waitRead#" GenPrimOp
1407 Int# -> State# s -> State# s
1408 {Block until input is available on specified file descriptor.}
1410 needs_wrapper = True
1411 has_side_effects = True
1414 primop WaitWriteOp "waitWrite#" GenPrimOp
1415 Int# -> State# s -> State# s
1416 {Block until output is possible on specified file descriptor.}
1418 needs_wrapper = True
1419 has_side_effects = True
1422 #ifdef mingw32_TARGET_OS
1423 primop AsyncReadOp "asyncRead#" GenPrimOp
1424 Int# -> Int# -> Int# -> Addr# -> State# RealWorld-> (# State# RealWorld, Int#, Int# #)
1425 {Asynchronously read bytes from specified file descriptor.}
1427 needs_wrapper = True
1428 has_side_effects = True
1431 primop AsyncWriteOp "asyncWrite#" GenPrimOp
1432 Int# -> Int# -> Int# -> Addr# -> State# RealWorld-> (# State# RealWorld, Int#, Int# #)
1433 {Asynchronously write bytes from specified file descriptor.}
1435 needs_wrapper = True
1436 has_side_effects = True
1439 primop AsyncDoProcOp "asyncDoProc#" GenPrimOp
1440 Addr# -> Addr# -> State# RealWorld-> (# State# RealWorld, Int#, Int# #)
1441 {Asynchronously perform procedure (first arg), passing it 2nd arg.}
1443 needs_wrapper = True
1444 has_side_effects = True
1449 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1450 section "Concurrency primitives"
1451 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1454 { {\tt State\#} is the primitive, unlifted type of states. It has
1455 one type parameter, thus {\tt State\# RealWorld}, or {\tt State\# s},
1456 where s is a type variable. The only purpose of the type parameter
1457 is to keep different state threads separate. It is represented by
1461 { {\tt RealWorld} is deeply magical. It is {\it primitive}, but it is not
1462 {\it unlifted} (hence {\tt ptrArg}). We never manipulate values of type
1463 {\tt RealWorld}; it's only used in the type system, to parameterise {\tt State\#}. }
1466 {(In a non-concurrent implementation, this can be a singleton
1467 type, whose (unique) value is returned by {\tt myThreadId\#}. The
1468 other operations can be omitted.)}
1470 primop ForkOp "fork#" GenPrimOp
1471 a -> State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, ThreadId# #)
1473 has_side_effects = True
1476 primop ForkOnOp "forkOn#" GenPrimOp
1477 Int# -> a -> State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, ThreadId# #)
1479 has_side_effects = True
1482 primop KillThreadOp "killThread#" GenPrimOp
1483 ThreadId# -> a -> State# RealWorld -> State# RealWorld
1485 has_side_effects = True
1488 primop YieldOp "yield#" GenPrimOp
1489 State# RealWorld -> State# RealWorld
1491 has_side_effects = True
1494 primop MyThreadIdOp "myThreadId#" GenPrimOp
1495 State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, ThreadId# #)
1499 primop LabelThreadOp "labelThread#" GenPrimOp
1500 ThreadId# -> Addr# -> State# RealWorld -> State# RealWorld
1502 has_side_effects = True
1505 primop IsCurrentThreadBoundOp "isCurrentThreadBound#" GenPrimOp
1506 State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, Int# #)
1510 primop NoDuplicateOp "noDuplicate#" GenPrimOp
1511 State# RealWorld -> State# RealWorld
1515 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1516 section "Weak pointers"
1517 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1521 -- note that tyvar "o" denotes openAlphaTyVar
1523 primop MkWeakOp "mkWeak#" GenPrimOp
1524 o -> b -> c -> State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, Weak# b #)
1526 has_side_effects = True
1529 primop DeRefWeakOp "deRefWeak#" GenPrimOp
1530 Weak# a -> State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, Int#, a #)
1532 has_side_effects = True
1535 primop FinalizeWeakOp "finalizeWeak#" GenPrimOp
1536 Weak# a -> State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, Int#,
1537 (State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, () #)) #)
1539 has_side_effects = True
1542 primop TouchOp "touch#" GenPrimOp
1543 o -> State# RealWorld -> State# RealWorld
1545 has_side_effects = True
1547 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1548 section "Stable pointers and names"
1549 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1551 primtype StablePtr# a
1553 primtype StableName# a
1555 primop MakeStablePtrOp "makeStablePtr#" GenPrimOp
1556 a -> State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, StablePtr# a #)
1558 has_side_effects = True
1561 primop DeRefStablePtrOp "deRefStablePtr#" GenPrimOp
1562 StablePtr# a -> State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, a #)
1564 needs_wrapper = True
1565 has_side_effects = True
1568 primop EqStablePtrOp "eqStablePtr#" GenPrimOp
1569 StablePtr# a -> StablePtr# a -> Int#
1571 has_side_effects = True
1573 primop MakeStableNameOp "makeStableName#" GenPrimOp
1574 a -> State# RealWorld -> (# State# RealWorld, StableName# a #)
1576 needs_wrapper = True
1577 has_side_effects = True
1580 primop EqStableNameOp "eqStableName#" GenPrimOp
1581 StableName# a -> StableName# a -> Int#
1583 primop StableNameToIntOp "stableNameToInt#" GenPrimOp
1584 StableName# a -> Int#
1586 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1587 section "Unsafe pointer equality"
1588 -- (#1 Bad Guy: Alistair Reid :)
1589 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1591 primop ReallyUnsafePtrEqualityOp "reallyUnsafePtrEquality#" GenPrimOp
1594 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1595 section "Parallelism"
1596 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1598 primop ParOp "par#" GenPrimOp
1601 -- Note that Par is lazy to avoid that the sparked thing
1602 -- gets evaluted strictly, which it should *not* be
1603 has_side_effects = True
1605 -- HWL: The first 4 Int# in all par... annotations denote:
1606 -- name, granularity info, size of result, degree of parallelism
1607 -- Same structure as _seq_ i.e. returns Int#
1608 -- KSW: v, the second arg in parAt# and parAtForNow#, is used only to determine
1609 -- `the processor containing the expression v'; it is not evaluated
1611 primop ParGlobalOp "parGlobal#" GenPrimOp
1612 a -> Int# -> Int# -> Int# -> Int# -> b -> Int#
1614 has_side_effects = True
1616 primop ParLocalOp "parLocal#" GenPrimOp
1617 a -> Int# -> Int# -> Int# -> Int# -> b -> Int#
1619 has_side_effects = True
1621 primop ParAtOp "parAt#" GenPrimOp
1622 b -> a -> Int# -> Int# -> Int# -> Int# -> c -> Int#
1624 has_side_effects = True
1626 primop ParAtAbsOp "parAtAbs#" GenPrimOp
1627 a -> Int# -> Int# -> Int# -> Int# -> Int# -> b -> Int#
1629 has_side_effects = True
1631 primop ParAtRelOp "parAtRel#" GenPrimOp
1632 a -> Int# -> Int# -> Int# -> Int# -> Int# -> b -> Int#
1634 has_side_effects = True
1636 primop ParAtForNowOp "parAtForNow#" GenPrimOp
1637 b -> a -> Int# -> Int# -> Int# -> Int# -> c -> Int#
1639 has_side_effects = True
1641 -- copyable# and noFollow# are yet to be implemented (for GpH)
1643 --primop CopyableOp "copyable#" GenPrimOp
1646 -- has_side_effects = True
1648 --primop NoFollowOp "noFollow#" GenPrimOp
1651 -- has_side_effects = True
1654 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1655 section "Tag to enum stuff"
1656 {Convert back and forth between values of enumerated types
1657 and small integers.}
1658 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1660 primop DataToTagOp "dataToTag#" GenPrimOp
1663 strictness = { \ arity -> mkStrictSig (mkTopDmdType [seqDmd] TopRes) }
1664 -- dataToTag# must have an evaluated argument
1666 primop TagToEnumOp "tagToEnum#" GenPrimOp
1669 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1670 section "Bytecode operations"
1671 {Support for the bytecode interpreter and linker.}
1672 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1675 {Primitive bytecode type.}
1677 primop AddrToHValueOp "addrToHValue#" GenPrimOp
1679 {Convert an {\tt Addr\#} to a followable type.}
1681 primop MkApUpd0_Op "mkApUpd0#" GenPrimOp
1686 primop NewBCOOp "newBCO#" GenPrimOp
1687 ByteArr# -> ByteArr# -> Array# a -> Int# -> ByteArr# -> State# s -> (# State# s, BCO# #)
1689 has_side_effects = True
1692 primop UnpackClosureOp "unpackClosure#" GenPrimOp
1693 a -> (# Addr#, Array# b, ByteArr# #)
1697 primop GetApStackValOp "getApStackVal#" GenPrimOp
1698 a -> Int# -> (# Int#, b #)
1702 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1704 {Miscellaneous built-ins}
1705 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1709 { Evaluates its first argument to head normal form, and then returns its second
1710 argument as the result. }
1714 { The call {\tt (inline f)} arranges that f is inlined, regardless of its size.
1715 More precisely, the call {\tt (inline f)} rewrites to the right-hand side of
1716 {\tt f}'s definition. This allows the programmer to control inlining from a
1717 particular call site rather than the definition site of the function (c.f.
1718 {\tt INLINE} pragmas in User's Guide, Section 7.10.3, "INLINE and NOINLINE
1721 This inlining occurs regardless of the argument to the call or the size of
1722 {\tt f}'s definition; it is unconditional. The main caveat is that {\tt f}'s
1723 definition must be visible to the compiler. That is, {\tt f} must be
1724 {\tt let}-bound in the current scope. If no inlining takes place, the
1725 {\tt inline} function expands to the identity function in Phase zero; so its
1726 use imposes no overhead.
1728 If the function is defined in another module, GHC only exposes its inlining
1729 in the interface file if the function is sufficiently small that it might be
1730 inlined by the automatic mechanism. There is currently no way to tell GHC to
1731 expose arbitrarily-large functions in the interface file. (This shortcoming
1732 is something that could be fixed, with some kind of pragma.) }
1736 { The {\tt lazy} function restrains strictness analysis a little. The call
1737 {\tt (lazy e)} means the same as {\tt e}, but {\tt lazy} has a magical
1738 property so far as strictness analysis is concerned: it is lazy in its first
1739 argument, even though its semantics is strict. After strictness analysis has
1740 run, calls to {\tt lazy} are inlined to be the identity function.
1742 This behaviour is occasionally useful when controlling evaluation order.
1743 Notably, {\tt lazy} is used in the library definition of {\tt Control.Parallel.par}:
1745 {\tt par :: a -> b -> b}
1747 {\tt par x y = case (par\# x) of \_ -> lazy y}
1749 If {\tt lazy} were not lazy, {\tt par} would look strict in {\tt y} which
1750 would defeat the whole purpose of {\tt par}.
1752 Like {\tt seq}, the argument of {\tt lazy} can have an unboxed type. }
1755 { The type constructor {\tt Any} is type to which you can unsafely coerce any
1756 lifted type, and back.
1758 * It is lifted, and hence represented by a pointer
1760 * It does not claim to be a {\it data} type, and that's important for
1761 the code generator, because the code gen may {\it enter} a data value
1762 but never enters a function value.
1764 It's also used to instantiate un-constrained type variables after type
1765 checking. For example
1769 Annoyingly, we sometimes need {\tt Any}s of other kinds, such as {\tt (* -> *)} etc.
1770 This is a bit like tuples. We define a couple of useful ones here,
1771 and make others up on the fly. If any of these others end up being exported
1772 into interface files, we'll get a crash; at least until we add interface-file
1773 syntax to support them. }
1775 pseudoop "unsafeCoerce#"
1777 { The function {\tt unsafeCoerce\#} allows you to side-step the typechecker entirely. That
1778 is, it allows you to coerce any type into any other type. If you use this function,
1779 you had better get it right, otherwise segmentation faults await. It is generally
1780 used when you want to write a program that you know is well-typed, but where Haskell's
1781 type system is not expressive enough to prove that it is well typed.
1783 The following uses of {\tt unsafeCoerce\#} are supposed to work (i.e. not lead to
1784 spurious compile-time or run-time crashes):
1786 * Casting any lifted type to {\tt Any}
1788 * Casting {\tt Any} back to the real type
1790 * Casting an unboxed type to another unboxed type of the same size
1792 * Casting between two types that have the same runtime representation. One case is when
1793 the two types differ only in "phantom" type parameters, for example
1794 {\tt Ptr Int} to {\tt Ptr Float}, or {\tt [Int]} to {\tt [Float]} when the list is
1795 known to be empty. Also, a {\tt newtype} of a type {\tt T} has the same representation
1796 at runtime as {\tt T}.
1798 Other uses of {\tt unsafeCoerce\#} are undefined.
1801 -- NB. It is tempting to think that casting a value to a type that it doesn't have is safe
1802 -- as long as you don't "do anything" with the value in its cast form, such as seq on it. This
1803 -- isn't the case: the compiler can insert seqs itself, and if these happen at the wrong type,
1804 -- Bad Things Might Happen. See bug #1616: in this case we cast a function of type (a,b) -> (a,b)
1805 -- to () -> () and back again. The strictness analyser saw that the function was strict, but
1806 -- the wrapper had type () -> (), and hence the wrapper de-constructed the (), the worker re-constructed
1807 -- a new (), with the result that the code ended up with "case () of (a,b) -> ...".
1809 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
1811 ------------------------------------------------------------------------