2 % (c) The GRASP/AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 1992-1998
4 \section[FloatOut]{Float bindings outwards (towards the top level)}
6 ``Long-distance'' floating of bindings towards the top level.
10 -- The above warning supression flag is a temporary kludge.
11 -- While working on this module you are encouraged to remove it and fix
12 -- any warnings in the module. See
13 -- http://hackage.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/Commentary/CodingStyle#Warnings
16 module FloatOut ( floatOutwards ) where
18 #include "HsVersions.h"
23 import DynFlags ( DynFlags, DynFlag(..), FloatOutSwitches(..) )
24 import ErrUtils ( dumpIfSet_dyn )
25 import CostCentre ( dupifyCC, CostCentre )
26 import Id ( Id, idType )
27 import Type ( isUnLiftedType )
28 import CoreLint ( showPass, endPass )
29 import SetLevels ( Level(..), LevelledExpr, LevelledBind,
30 setLevels, ltMajLvl, ltLvl, isTopLvl )
31 import UniqSupply ( UniqSupply )
32 import List ( partition )
42 To float out sub-expressions that can thereby get outside
43 a non-one-shot value lambda, and hence may be shared.
46 To achieve this we may need to do two thing:
48 a) Let-bind the sub-expression:
50 f (g x) ==> let lvl = f (g x) in lvl
52 Now we can float the binding for 'lvl'.
54 b) More than that, we may need to abstract wrt a type variable
56 \x -> ... /\a -> let v = ...a... in ....
58 Here the binding for v mentions 'a' but not 'x'. So we
59 abstract wrt 'a', to give this binding for 'v':
64 Now the binding for vp can float out unimpeded.
65 I can't remember why this case seemed important enough to
66 deal with, but I certainly found cases where important floats
67 didn't happen if we did not abstract wrt tyvars.
69 With this in mind we can also achieve another goal: lambda lifting.
70 We can make an arbitrary (function) binding float to top level by
71 abstracting wrt *all* local variables, not just type variables, leaving
72 a binding that can be floated right to top level. Whether or not this
73 happens is controlled by a flag.
79 At the moment we never float a binding out to between two adjacent
83 \x y -> let t = x+x in ...
85 \x -> let t = x+x in \y -> ...
87 Reason: this is less efficient in the case where the original lambda
88 is never partially applied.
90 But there's a case I've seen where this might not be true. Consider:
96 elem' x (y:ys) = x==y || elem' x ys
98 It turns out that this generates a subexpression of the form
100 \deq x ys -> let eq = eqFromEqDict deq in ...
102 vwhich might usefully be separated to
104 \deq -> let eq = eqFromEqDict deq in \xy -> ...
106 Well, maybe. We don't do this at the moment.
109 type FloatBind = (Level, CoreBind) -- INVARIANT: a FloatBind is always lifted
110 type FloatBinds = [FloatBind]
113 %************************************************************************
115 \subsection[floatOutwards]{@floatOutwards@: let-floating interface function}
117 %************************************************************************
120 floatOutwards :: FloatOutSwitches
123 -> [CoreBind] -> IO [CoreBind]
125 floatOutwards float_sws dflags us pgm
127 showPass dflags float_msg ;
129 let { annotated_w_levels = setLevels float_sws pgm us ;
130 (fss, binds_s') = unzip (map floatTopBind annotated_w_levels)
133 dumpIfSet_dyn dflags Opt_D_verbose_core2core "Levels added:"
134 (vcat (map ppr annotated_w_levels));
136 let { (tlets, ntlets, lams) = get_stats (sum_stats fss) };
138 dumpIfSet_dyn dflags Opt_D_dump_simpl_stats "FloatOut stats:"
139 (hcat [ int tlets, ptext SLIT(" Lets floated to top level; "),
140 int ntlets, ptext SLIT(" Lets floated elsewhere; from "),
141 int lams, ptext SLIT(" Lambda groups")]);
143 endPass dflags float_msg Opt_D_verbose_core2core (concat binds_s')
144 {- no specific flag for dumping float-out -}
147 float_msg = showSDoc (text "Float out" <+> parens (sws float_sws))
148 sws (FloatOutSw lam const) = pp_not lam <+> text "lambdas" <> comma <+>
149 pp_not const <+> text "constants"
151 pp_not False = text "not"
154 = case (floatBind bind) of { (fs, floats) ->
155 (fs, floatsToBinds floats)
159 %************************************************************************
161 \subsection[FloatOut-Bind]{Floating in a binding (the business end)}
163 %************************************************************************
167 floatBind :: LevelledBind -> (FloatStats, FloatBinds)
169 floatBind (NonRec (TB name level) rhs)
170 = case (floatRhs level rhs) of { (fs, rhs_floats, rhs') ->
171 (fs, rhs_floats ++ [(level, NonRec name rhs')]) }
173 floatBind bind@(Rec pairs)
174 = case (unzip3 (map do_pair pairs)) of { (fss, rhss_floats, new_pairs) ->
175 let rhs_floats = concat rhss_floats in
177 if not (isTopLvl bind_dest_lvl) then
178 -- Find which bindings float out at least one lambda beyond this one
179 -- These ones can't mention the binders, because they couldn't
180 -- be escaping a major level if so.
181 -- The ones that are not going further can join the letrec;
182 -- they may not be mutually recursive but the occurrence analyser will
184 case (partitionByMajorLevel bind_dest_lvl rhs_floats) of { (floats', heres) ->
185 (sum_stats fss, floats' ++ [(bind_dest_lvl, Rec (floatsToBindPairs heres ++ new_pairs))]) }
187 -- In a recursive binding, *destined for* the top level
188 -- (only), the rhs floats may contain references to the
189 -- bound things. For example
190 -- f = ...(let v = ...f... in b) ...
191 -- might get floated to
194 -- and hence we must (pessimistically) make all the floats recursive
195 -- with the top binding. Later dependency analysis will unravel it.
197 -- This can only happen for bindings destined for the top level,
198 -- because only then will partitionByMajorLevel allow through a binding
199 -- that only differs in its minor level
200 (sum_stats fss, [(bind_dest_lvl, Rec (new_pairs ++ floatsToBindPairs rhs_floats))])
203 bind_dest_lvl = getBindLevel bind
205 do_pair (TB name level, rhs)
206 = case (floatRhs level rhs) of { (fs, rhs_floats, rhs') ->
207 (fs, rhs_floats, (name, rhs'))
211 %************************************************************************
213 \subsection[FloatOut-Expr]{Floating in expressions}
215 %************************************************************************
218 floatExpr, floatRhs, floatCaseAlt
221 -> (FloatStats, FloatBinds, CoreExpr)
223 floatCaseAlt lvl arg -- Used rec rhss, and case-alternative rhss
224 = case (floatExpr lvl arg) of { (fsa, floats, arg') ->
225 case (partitionByMajorLevel lvl floats) of { (floats', heres) ->
226 -- Dump bindings that aren't going to escape from a lambda;
227 -- in particular, we must dump the ones that are bound by
228 -- the rec or case alternative
229 (fsa, floats', install heres arg') }}
231 floatRhs lvl arg -- Used for nested non-rec rhss, and fn args
232 -- See Note [Floating out of RHS]
233 = case (floatExpr lvl arg) of { (fsa, floats, arg') ->
234 if exprIsCheap arg' then
237 case (partitionByMajorLevel lvl floats) of { (floats', heres) ->
238 (fsa, floats', install heres arg') }}
240 -- Note [Floating out of RHSs]
241 -- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
242 -- Dump bindings that aren't going to escape from a lambda
243 -- This isn't a scoping issue (the binder isn't in scope in the RHS
244 -- of a non-rec binding)
245 -- Rather, it is to avoid floating the x binding out of
246 -- f (let x = e in b)
247 -- unnecessarily. But we first test for values or trival rhss,
248 -- because (in particular) we don't want to insert new bindings between
249 -- the "=" and the "\". E.g.
250 -- f = \x -> let <bind> in <body>
252 -- f = let <bind> in \x -> <body>
253 -- (a) The simplifier will immediately float it further out, so we may
254 -- as well do so right now; in general, keeping rhss as manifest
256 -- (b) If a float-in pass follows immediately, it might add yet more
257 -- bindings just after the '='. And some of them might (correctly)
258 -- be strict even though the 'let f' is lazy, because f, being a value,
259 -- gets its demand-info zapped by the simplifier.
261 -- We use exprIsCheap because that is also what's used by the simplifier
262 -- to decide whether to float a let out of a let
264 floatExpr _ (Var v) = (zeroStats, [], Var v)
265 floatExpr _ (Type ty) = (zeroStats, [], Type ty)
266 floatExpr _ (Lit lit) = (zeroStats, [], Lit lit)
268 floatExpr lvl (App e a)
269 = case (floatExpr lvl e) of { (fse, floats_e, e') ->
270 case (floatRhs lvl a) of { (fsa, floats_a, a') ->
271 (fse `add_stats` fsa, floats_e ++ floats_a, App e' a') }}
273 floatExpr lvl lam@(Lam _ _)
275 (bndrs_w_lvls, body) = collectBinders lam
276 bndrs = [b | TB b _ <- bndrs_w_lvls]
277 lvls = [l | TB b l <- bndrs_w_lvls]
279 -- For the all-tyvar case we are prepared to pull
280 -- the lets out, to implement the float-out-of-big-lambda
281 -- transform; but otherwise we only float bindings that are
282 -- going to escape a value lambda.
283 -- In particular, for one-shot lambdas we don't float things
284 -- out; we get no saving by so doing.
285 partition_fn | all isTyVar bndrs = partitionByLevel
286 | otherwise = partitionByMajorLevel
288 case (floatExpr (last lvls) body) of { (fs, floats, body') ->
290 -- Dump any bindings which absolutely cannot go any further
291 case (partition_fn (head lvls) floats) of { (floats', heres) ->
293 (add_to_stats fs floats', floats', mkLams bndrs (install heres body'))
296 floatExpr lvl (Note note@(SCC cc) expr)
297 = case (floatExpr lvl expr) of { (fs, floating_defns, expr') ->
299 -- Annotate bindings floated outwards past an scc expression
300 -- with the cc. We mark that cc as "duplicated", though.
302 annotated_defns = annotate (dupifyCC cc) floating_defns
304 (fs, annotated_defns, Note note expr') }
306 annotate :: CostCentre -> FloatBinds -> FloatBinds
308 annotate dupd_cc defn_groups
309 = [ (level, ann_bind floater) | (level, floater) <- defn_groups ]
311 ann_bind (NonRec binder rhs)
312 = NonRec binder (mkSCC dupd_cc rhs)
315 = Rec [(binder, mkSCC dupd_cc rhs) | (binder, rhs) <- pairs]
317 floatExpr lvl (Note InlineMe expr) -- Other than SCCs
318 = case floatExpr InlineCtxt expr of { (fs, floating_defns, expr') ->
319 -- There can be some floating_defns, arising from
320 -- ordinary lets that were there all the time. It seems
321 -- more efficient to test once here than to avoid putting
322 -- them into floating_defns (which would mean testing for
323 -- inlineCtxt at every let)
324 (fs, [], Note InlineMe (install floating_defns expr')) }
325 -- See Note [FloatOut inside INLINE]
326 -- I'm guessing that floating_dens should be empty
328 floatExpr lvl (Note note expr) -- Other than SCCs
329 = case (floatExpr lvl expr) of { (fs, floating_defns, expr') ->
330 (fs, floating_defns, Note note expr') }
332 floatExpr lvl (Cast expr co)
333 = case (floatExpr lvl expr) of { (fs, floating_defns, expr') ->
334 (fs, floating_defns, Cast expr' co) }
336 floatExpr lvl (Let (NonRec (TB bndr bndr_lvl) rhs) body)
337 | isUnLiftedType (idType bndr) -- Treat unlifted lets just like a case
338 -- I.e. floatExpr for rhs, floatCaseAlt for body
339 = case floatExpr lvl rhs of { (fs, rhs_floats, rhs') ->
340 case floatCaseAlt bndr_lvl body of { (fs, body_floats, body') ->
341 (fs, rhs_floats ++ body_floats, Let (NonRec bndr rhs') body') }}
343 floatExpr lvl (Let bind body)
344 = case (floatBind bind) of { (fsb, bind_floats) ->
345 case (floatExpr lvl body) of { (fse, body_floats, body') ->
347 bind_floats ++ body_floats,
350 floatExpr lvl (Case scrut (TB case_bndr case_lvl) ty alts)
351 = case floatExpr lvl scrut of { (fse, fde, scrut') ->
352 case floatList float_alt alts of { (fsa, fda, alts') ->
353 (add_stats fse fsa, fda ++ fde, Case scrut' case_bndr ty alts')
356 -- Use floatCaseAlt for the alternatives, so that we
357 -- don't gratuitiously float bindings out of the RHSs
358 float_alt (con, bs, rhs)
359 = case (floatCaseAlt case_lvl rhs) of { (fs, rhs_floats, rhs') ->
360 (fs, rhs_floats, (con, [b | TB b _ <- bs], rhs')) }
363 floatList :: (a -> (FloatStats, FloatBinds, b)) -> [a] -> (FloatStats, FloatBinds, [b])
364 floatList f [] = (zeroStats, [], [])
365 floatList f (a:as) = case f a of { (fs_a, binds_a, b) ->
366 case floatList f as of { (fs_as, binds_as, bs) ->
367 (fs_a `add_stats` fs_as, binds_a ++ binds_as, b:bs) }}
370 %************************************************************************
372 \subsection{Utility bits for floating stats}
374 %************************************************************************
376 I didn't implement this with unboxed numbers. I don't want to be too
377 strict in this stuff, as it is rarely turned on. (WDP 95/09)
381 = FlS Int -- Number of top-floats * lambda groups they've been past
382 Int -- Number of non-top-floats * lambda groups they've been past
383 Int -- Number of lambda (groups) seen
385 get_stats (FlS a b c) = (a, b, c)
387 zeroStats = FlS 0 0 0
389 sum_stats xs = foldr add_stats zeroStats xs
391 add_stats (FlS a1 b1 c1) (FlS a2 b2 c2)
392 = FlS (a1 + a2) (b1 + b2) (c1 + c2)
394 add_to_stats (FlS a b c) floats
395 = FlS (a + length top_floats) (b + length other_floats) (c + 1)
397 (top_floats, other_floats) = partition to_very_top floats
399 to_very_top (my_lvl, _) = isTopLvl my_lvl
403 %************************************************************************
405 \subsection{Utility bits for floating}
407 %************************************************************************
410 getBindLevel (NonRec (TB _ lvl) _) = lvl
411 getBindLevel (Rec (((TB _ lvl), _) : _)) = lvl
415 partitionByMajorLevel, partitionByLevel
416 :: Level -- Partitioning level
418 -> FloatBinds -- Defns to be divided into 2 piles...
420 -> (FloatBinds, -- Defns with level strictly < partition level,
421 FloatBinds) -- The rest
424 partitionByMajorLevel ctxt_lvl defns
425 = partition float_further defns
427 -- Float it if we escape a value lambda, or if we get to the top level
428 float_further (my_lvl, bind) = my_lvl `ltMajLvl` ctxt_lvl || isTopLvl my_lvl
429 -- The isTopLvl part says that if we can get to the top level, say "yes" anyway
435 -- which is as it should be
437 partitionByLevel ctxt_lvl defns
438 = partition float_further defns
440 float_further (my_lvl, _) = my_lvl `ltLvl` ctxt_lvl
444 floatsToBinds :: FloatBinds -> [CoreBind]
445 floatsToBinds floats = map snd floats
447 floatsToBindPairs :: FloatBinds -> [(Id,CoreExpr)]
449 floatsToBindPairs floats = concat (map mk_pairs floats)
451 mk_pairs (_, Rec pairs) = pairs
452 mk_pairs (_, NonRec binder rhs) = [(binder,rhs)]
454 install :: FloatBinds -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr
456 install defn_groups expr
457 = foldr install_group expr defn_groups
459 install_group (_, defns) body = Let defns body