2 % (c) The AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 1994-1998
4 \section[LiberateCase]{Unroll recursion to allow evals to be lifted from a loop}
7 module LiberateCase ( liberateCase ) where
9 #include "HsVersions.h"
13 import CoreUnfold ( couldBeSmallEnoughToInline )
16 import Util ( notNull )
19 The liberate-case transformation
20 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
21 This module walks over @Core@, and looks for @case@ on free variables.
23 if there is case on a free on the route to the recursive call,
24 then the recursive call is replaced with an unfolding.
31 => the inner f is replaced.
38 (note the NEED for shadowing)
47 Better code, because 'a' is free inside the inner letrec, rather
48 than needing projection from v.
50 Note that this deals with *free variables*. SpecConstr deals with
51 *arguments* that are of known form. E.g.
58 Note [Scrutinee with cast]
59 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
61 f = \ t -> case (v `cast` co) of
64 Exactly the same optimisation (unrolling one call to f) will work here,
65 despite the cast. See mk_alt_env in the Case branch of libCase.
68 Note [Only functions!]
69 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
70 Consider the following code
72 f = g (case v of V a b -> a : t f)
74 where g is expensive. If we aren't careful, liberate case will turn this into
77 V a b -> a : t (letrec f = g (case v of V a b -> a : f t)
81 Yikes! We evaluate g twice. This leads to a O(2^n) explosion
82 if g calls back to the same code recursively.
84 Solution: make sure that we only do the liberate-case thing on *functions*
86 To think about (Apr 94)
88 Main worry: duplicating code excessively. At the moment we duplicate
89 the entire binding group once at each recursive call. But there may
90 be a group of recursive calls which share a common set of evaluated
91 free variables, in which case the duplication is a plain waste.
93 Another thing we could consider adding is some unfold-threshold thing,
94 so that we'll only duplicate if the size of the group rhss isn't too
99 The ``level'' of a binder tells how many
100 recursive defns lexically enclose the binding
101 A recursive defn "encloses" its RHS, not its
104 letrec f = let g = ... in ...
109 Here, the level of @f@ is zero, the level of @g@ is one,
110 and the level of @h@ is zero (NB not one).
113 %************************************************************************
117 %************************************************************************
120 liberateCase :: DynFlags -> [CoreBind] -> [CoreBind]
121 liberateCase dflags binds = do_prog (initEnv dflags) binds
124 do_prog env (bind:binds) = bind' : do_prog env' binds
126 (env', bind') = libCaseBind env bind
130 %************************************************************************
134 %************************************************************************
139 libCaseBind :: LibCaseEnv -> CoreBind -> (LibCaseEnv, CoreBind)
141 libCaseBind env (NonRec binder rhs)
142 = (addBinders env [binder], NonRec binder (libCase env rhs))
144 libCaseBind env (Rec pairs)
145 = (env_body, Rec pairs')
147 binders = map fst pairs
149 env_body = addBinders env binders
151 pairs' = [(binder, libCase env_rhs rhs) | (binder,rhs) <- pairs]
153 -- We extend the rec-env by binding each Id to its rhs, first
154 -- processing the rhs with an *un-extended* environment, so
155 -- that the same process doesn't occur for ever!
156 env_rhs = addRecBinds env [ (localiseId binder, libCase env_body rhs)
157 | (binder, rhs) <- pairs
158 , rhs_small_enough binder rhs ]
159 -- localiseID : see Note [Need to localiseId in libCaseBind]
162 rhs_small_enough id rhs -- Note [Small enough]
163 = idArity id > 0 -- Note [Only functions!]
164 && maybe True (\size -> couldBeSmallEnoughToInline size rhs)
168 Note [Need to localiseId in libCaseBind]
169 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
170 The call to localiseId is needed for two subtle reasons
171 (a) Reset the export flags on the binders so
172 that we don't get name clashes on exported things if the
173 local binding floats out to top level. This is most unlikely
174 to happen, since the whole point concerns free variables.
175 But resetting the export flag is right regardless.
177 (b) Make the name an Internal one. External Names should never be
178 nested; if it were floated to the top level, we'd get a name
179 clash at code generation time.
185 f = \x. BIG...(case fv of { (a,b) -> ...g.. })...
187 Then we *can* do liberate-case on g (small RHS) but not for f (too big).
188 But we can choose on a item-by-item basis, and that's what the
189 rhs_small_enough call in the comprehension for env_rhs does.
195 libCase :: LibCaseEnv
199 libCase env (Var v) = libCaseId env v
200 libCase _ (Lit lit) = Lit lit
201 libCase _ (Type ty) = Type ty
202 libCase env (App fun arg) = App (libCase env fun) (libCase env arg)
203 libCase env (Note note body) = Note note (libCase env body)
204 libCase env (Cast e co) = Cast (libCase env e) co
206 libCase env (Lam binder body)
207 = Lam binder (libCase (addBinders env [binder]) body)
209 libCase env (Let bind body)
210 = Let bind' (libCase env_body body)
212 (env_body, bind') = libCaseBind env bind
214 libCase env (Case scrut bndr ty alts)
215 = Case (libCase env scrut) bndr ty (map (libCaseAlt env_alts) alts)
217 env_alts = addBinders (mk_alt_env scrut) [bndr]
218 mk_alt_env (Var scrut_var) = addScrutedVar env scrut_var
219 mk_alt_env (Cast scrut _) = mk_alt_env scrut -- Note [Scrutinee with cast]
222 libCaseAlt :: LibCaseEnv -> (AltCon, [CoreBndr], CoreExpr)
223 -> (AltCon, [CoreBndr], CoreExpr)
224 libCaseAlt env (con,args,rhs) = (con, args, libCase (addBinders env args) rhs)
231 libCaseId :: LibCaseEnv -> Id -> CoreExpr
233 | Just the_bind <- lookupRecId env v -- It's a use of a recursive thing
234 , notNull free_scruts -- with free vars scrutinised in RHS
235 = Let the_bind (Var v)
241 rec_id_level = lookupLevel env v
242 free_scruts = freeScruts env rec_id_level
244 freeScruts :: LibCaseEnv
245 -> LibCaseLevel -- Level of the recursive Id
246 -> [Id] -- Ids that are scrutinised between the binding
247 -- of the recursive Id and here
248 freeScruts env rec_bind_lvl
249 = [v | (v, scrut_bind_lvl, scrut_at_lvl) <- lc_scruts env
250 , scrut_bind_lvl <= rec_bind_lvl
251 , scrut_at_lvl > rec_bind_lvl]
252 -- Note [When to specialise]
253 -- Note [Avoiding fruitless liberate-case]
256 Note [When to specialise]
257 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
259 f = \x. letrec g = \y. case x of
260 True -> ... (f a) ...
261 False -> ... (g b) ...
263 We get the following levels
269 Then 'x' is being scrutinised at a deeper level than its binding, so
270 it's added to lc_sruts: [(x,1)]
272 We do *not* want to specialise the call to 'f', becuase 'x' is not free
273 in 'f'. So here the bind-level of 'x' (=1) is not <= the bind-level of 'f' (=0).
275 We *do* want to specialise the call to 'g', because 'x' is free in g.
276 Here the bind-level of 'x' (=1) is <= the bind-level of 'g' (=1).
278 Note [Avoiding fruitless liberate-case]
279 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
281 f = \x. case top_lvl_thing of
282 I# _ -> let g = \y. ... g ...
285 Here, top_lvl_thing is scrutinised at a level (1) deeper than its
286 binding site (0). Nevertheless, we do NOT want to specialise the call
287 to 'g' because all the structure in its free variables is already
288 visible at the definition site for g. Hence, when considering specialising
289 an occurrence of 'g', we want to check that there's a scruted-var v st
291 a) v's binding site is *outside* g
292 b) v's scrutinisation site is *inside* g
295 %************************************************************************
299 %************************************************************************
302 addBinders :: LibCaseEnv -> [CoreBndr] -> LibCaseEnv
303 addBinders env@(LibCaseEnv { lc_lvl = lvl, lc_lvl_env = lvl_env }) binders
304 = env { lc_lvl_env = lvl_env' }
306 lvl_env' = extendVarEnvList lvl_env (binders `zip` repeat lvl)
308 addRecBinds :: LibCaseEnv -> [(Id,CoreExpr)] -> LibCaseEnv
309 addRecBinds env@(LibCaseEnv {lc_lvl = lvl, lc_lvl_env = lvl_env,
310 lc_rec_env = rec_env}) pairs
311 = env { lc_lvl = lvl', lc_lvl_env = lvl_env', lc_rec_env = rec_env' }
314 lvl_env' = extendVarEnvList lvl_env [(binder,lvl) | (binder,_) <- pairs]
315 rec_env' = extendVarEnvList rec_env [(binder, Rec pairs) | (binder,_) <- pairs]
317 addScrutedVar :: LibCaseEnv
318 -> Id -- This Id is being scrutinised by a case expression
321 addScrutedVar env@(LibCaseEnv { lc_lvl = lvl, lc_lvl_env = lvl_env,
322 lc_scruts = scruts }) scrut_var
324 = env { lc_scruts = scruts' }
325 -- Add to scruts iff the scrut_var is being scrutinised at
326 -- a deeper level than its defn
330 scruts' = (scrut_var, bind_lvl, lvl) : scruts
331 bind_lvl = case lookupVarEnv lvl_env scrut_var of
335 lookupRecId :: LibCaseEnv -> Id -> Maybe CoreBind
336 lookupRecId env id = lookupVarEnv (lc_rec_env env) id
338 lookupLevel :: LibCaseEnv -> Id -> LibCaseLevel
340 = case lookupVarEnv (lc_lvl_env env) id of
345 %************************************************************************
349 %************************************************************************
352 type LibCaseLevel = Int
354 topLevel :: LibCaseLevel
361 lc_size :: Maybe Int, -- Bomb-out size for deciding if
362 -- potential liberatees are too big.
363 -- (passed in from cmd-line args)
365 lc_lvl :: LibCaseLevel, -- Current level
366 -- The level is incremented when (and only when) going
367 -- inside the RHS of a (sufficiently small) recursive
370 lc_lvl_env :: IdEnv LibCaseLevel,
371 -- Binds all non-top-level in-scope Ids (top-level and
372 -- imported things have a level of zero)
374 lc_rec_env :: IdEnv CoreBind,
375 -- Binds *only* recursively defined ids, to their own
376 -- binding group, and *only* in their own RHSs
378 lc_scruts :: [(Id, LibCaseLevel, LibCaseLevel)]
379 -- Each of these Ids was scrutinised by an enclosing
380 -- case expression, at a level deeper than its binding
383 -- The first LibCaseLevel is the *binding level* of
384 -- the scrutinised Id,
385 -- The second is the level *at which it was scrutinised*.
386 -- (see Note [Avoiding fruitless liberate-case])
387 -- The former is a bit redundant, since you could always
388 -- look it up in lc_lvl_env, but it's just cached here
390 -- The order is insignificant; it's a bag really
392 -- There's one element per scrutinisation;
393 -- in principle the same Id may appear multiple times,
394 -- although that'd be unusual:
395 -- case x of { (a,b) -> ....(case x of ...) .. }
398 initEnv :: DynFlags -> LibCaseEnv
400 = LibCaseEnv { lc_size = liberateCaseThreshold dflags,
402 lc_lvl_env = emptyVarEnv,
403 lc_rec_env = emptyVarEnv,
406 bombOutSize :: LibCaseEnv -> Maybe Int
407 bombOutSize = lc_size