2 % (c) The GRASP/AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 1992-1998
4 \section[TcClassDcl]{Typechecking class declarations}
7 module TcClassDcl ( kcClassDecl, tcClassDecl1, tcClassDecls2, mkImplicitClassBinds,
8 tcMethodBind, checkFromThisClass
11 #include "HsVersions.h"
13 import HsSyn ( HsDecl(..), TyClDecl(..), Sig(..), MonoBinds(..),
14 InPat(..), HsBinds(..), GRHSs(..),
15 HsExpr(..), HsLit(..), HsType(..), HsPred(..),
16 pprHsClassAssertion, mkSimpleMatch,
17 andMonoBinds, andMonoBindList, getTyVarName,
18 isClassDecl, isClassOpSig, isPragSig, collectMonoBinders
20 import HsPragmas ( ClassPragmas(..) )
21 import BasicTypes ( NewOrData(..), TopLevelFlag(..), RecFlag(..) )
22 import RnHsSyn ( RenamedTyClDecl, RenamedClassPragmas,
23 RenamedClassOpSig, RenamedMonoBinds,
24 RenamedContext, RenamedHsDecl, RenamedSig
26 import TcHsSyn ( TcMonoBinds, idsToMonoBinds )
28 import Inst ( Inst, InstOrigin(..), LIE, emptyLIE, plusLIE, plusLIEs, newDicts, newMethod )
29 import TcEnv ( TcId, ValueEnv, TcTyThing(..), tcAddImportedIdInfo,
30 tcLookupClass, tcLookupTy, tcExtendTyVarEnvForMeths, tcExtendGlobalTyVars,
33 import TcBinds ( tcBindWithSigs, tcSpecSigs )
34 import TcTyDecls ( mkNewTyConRep )
35 import TcUnify ( unifyKinds )
37 import TcMonoType ( kcHsType, tcHsTopType, tcExtendTopTyVarScope,
38 tcContext, checkSigTyVars, sigCtxt, mkTcSig
40 import TcSimplify ( tcSimplifyAndCheck, bindInstsOfLocalFuns )
41 import TcType ( TcType, TcTyVar, tcInstTyVars, zonkTcTyVarBndr, tcGetTyVar )
42 import TcInstUtil ( classDataCon )
43 import PrelInfo ( nO_METHOD_BINDING_ERROR_ID )
44 import FieldLabel ( firstFieldLabelTag )
45 import Bag ( unionManyBags, bagToList )
46 import Class ( mkClass, classBigSig, classSelIds, Class, ClassOpItem )
47 import CmdLineOpts ( opt_GlasgowExts, opt_WarnMissingMethods )
48 import MkId ( mkDictSelId, mkDataConId, mkDataConWrapId, mkDefaultMethodId )
49 import DataCon ( mkDataCon, dataConId, dataConWrapId, notMarkedStrict )
50 import Id ( Id, setInlinePragma, idUnfolding, idType, idName )
51 import CoreUnfold ( unfoldingTemplate )
53 import Name ( Name, nameOccName, isLocallyDefined, NamedThing(..) )
54 import NameSet ( emptyNameSet )
56 import Type ( Type, ThetaType, ClassContext,
57 mkFunTy, mkTyVarTy, mkTyVarTys, mkDictTy, mkDictTys,
58 mkSigmaTy, mkForAllTys, mkClassPred, classesOfPreds,
59 boxedTypeKind, mkArrowKind
61 import Var ( tyVarKind, TyVar )
62 import VarSet ( mkVarSet, emptyVarSet )
63 import TyCon ( AlgTyConFlavour(..), mkClassTyCon )
64 import Unique ( Unique, Uniquable(..) )
66 import Maybes ( seqMaybe )
67 import FiniteMap ( lookupWithDefaultFM )
74 Every class implicitly declares a new data type, corresponding to dictionaries
75 of that class. So, for example:
77 class (D a) => C a where
79 op2 :: forall b. Ord b => a -> b -> b
81 would implicitly declare
83 data CDict a = CDict (D a)
85 (forall b. Ord b => a -> b -> b)
87 (We could use a record decl, but that means changing more of the existing apparatus.
90 For classes with just one superclass+method, we use a newtype decl instead:
93 op :: forallb. a -> b -> b
97 newtype CDict a = CDict (forall b. a -> b -> b)
99 Now DictTy in Type is just a form of type synomym:
100 DictTy c t = TyConTy CDict `AppTy` t
102 Death to "ExpandingDicts".
105 %************************************************************************
107 \subsection{Kind checking}
109 %************************************************************************
112 kcClassDecl (ClassDecl context class_name
113 tyvar_names fundeps class_sigs def_methods pragmas
115 = -- CHECK ARITY 1 FOR HASKELL 1.4
116 checkTc (opt_GlasgowExts || length tyvar_names == 1)
117 (classArityErr class_name) `thenTc_`
119 -- Get the (mutable) class kind
120 tcLookupTy class_name `thenNF_Tc` \ (kind, _, _) ->
122 -- Make suitable tyvars and do kind checking
123 -- The net effect is to mutate the class kind
124 tcExtendTopTyVarScope kind tyvar_names $ \ _ _ ->
125 tcContext context `thenTc_`
126 mapTc kc_sig the_class_sigs `thenTc_`
130 the_class_sigs = filter isClassOpSig class_sigs
132 kc_sig (ClassOpSig _ _ _ op_ty loc) = tcAddSrcLoc loc (kcHsType op_ty)
136 %************************************************************************
138 \subsection{Type checking}
140 %************************************************************************
143 tcClassDecl1 rec_env rec_inst_mapper rec_vrcs
144 (ClassDecl context class_name
145 tyvar_names fundeps class_sigs def_methods pragmas
146 tycon_name datacon_name datacon_wkr_name sc_sel_names src_loc)
147 = -- LOOK THINGS UP IN THE ENVIRONMENT
148 tcLookupTy class_name `thenTc` \ (class_kind, _, AClass rec_class) ->
149 tcExtendTopTyVarScope class_kind tyvar_names $ \ tyvars _ ->
150 -- The class kind is by now immutable
153 -- traceTc (text "tcClassCtxt" <+> ppr class_name) `thenTc_`
154 tcClassContext class_name rec_class tyvars context sc_sel_names
155 `thenTc` \ (sc_theta, sc_tys, sc_sel_ids) ->
156 -- traceTc (text "tcClassCtxt done" <+> ppr class_name) `thenTc_`
158 -- CHECK THE FUNCTIONAL DEPENDENCIES,
159 tcFundeps fundeps `thenTc` \ fds ->
161 -- CHECK THE CLASS SIGNATURES,
162 mapTc (tcClassSig rec_env rec_class tyvars)
163 (filter isClassOpSig class_sigs)
164 `thenTc` \ sig_stuff ->
166 -- MAKE THE CLASS OBJECT ITSELF
168 (op_tys, op_items) = unzip sig_stuff
169 rec_class_inst_env = rec_inst_mapper rec_class
170 clas = mkClass class_name tyvars fds
171 sc_theta sc_sel_ids op_items
175 dict_component_tys = sc_tys ++ op_tys
176 new_or_data = case dict_component_tys of
177 [_] -> NewTyCon (mkNewTyConRep tycon)
180 dict_con = mkDataCon datacon_name
181 [notMarkedStrict | _ <- dict_component_tys]
182 [{- No labelled fields -}]
185 [{-No existential tyvars-}] [{-Or context-}]
187 tycon dict_con_id dict_wrap_id
189 dict_con_id = mkDataConId datacon_wkr_name dict_con
190 dict_wrap_id = mkDataConWrapId dict_con
192 argvrcs = lookupWithDefaultFM rec_vrcs (pprPanic "tcClassDecl1: argvrcs:" $
196 tycon = mkClassTyCon tycon_name
200 dict_con -- Constructors
201 clas -- Yes! It's a dictionary
208 tcFundeps = mapTc tc_fundep
210 mapTc tc_fd_tyvar us `thenTc` \ us' ->
211 mapTc tc_fd_tyvar vs `thenTc` \ vs' ->
214 tcLookupTy v `thenTc` \(_, _, thing) ->
216 ATyVar tv -> returnTc tv
217 -- ZZ else should fail more gracefully
221 tcClassContext :: Name -> Class -> [TyVar]
222 -> RenamedContext -- class context
223 -> [Name] -- Names for superclass selectors
224 -> TcM s (ClassContext, -- the superclass context
225 [Type], -- types of the superclass dictionaries
226 [Id]) -- superclass selector Ids
228 tcClassContext class_name rec_class rec_tyvars context sc_sel_names
229 = -- Check the context.
230 -- The renamer has already checked that the context mentions
231 -- only the type variable of the class decl.
233 -- For std Haskell check that the context constrains only tyvars
234 (if opt_GlasgowExts then
237 mapTc check_constraint context
240 tcContext context `thenTc` \ sc_theta ->
243 sc_theta' = classesOfPreds sc_theta
244 sc_tys = mkDictTys sc_theta'
245 sc_sel_ids = [mkDictSelId sc_name rec_class | sc_name <- sc_sel_names]
248 returnTc (sc_theta', sc_tys, sc_sel_ids)
251 check_constraint (HsPClass c tys) = checkTc (all is_tyvar tys)
252 (superClassErr class_name (c, tys))
254 is_tyvar (MonoTyVar _) = True
255 is_tyvar other = False
258 tcClassSig :: ValueEnv -- Knot tying only!
259 -> Class -- ...ditto...
260 -> [TyVar] -- The class type variable, used for error check only
262 -> TcM s (Type, -- Type of the method
263 ClassOpItem) -- Selector Id, default-method Id, True if explicit default binding
266 tcClassSig rec_env rec_clas rec_clas_tyvars
267 (ClassOpSig op_name dm_name explicit_dm
269 = tcAddSrcLoc src_loc $
271 -- Check the type signature. NB that the envt *already has*
272 -- bindings for the type variables; see comments in TcTyAndClassDcls.
274 -- NB: Renamer checks that the class type variable is mentioned in local_ty,
275 -- and that it is not constrained by theta
276 -- traceTc (text "tcClassSig" <+> ppr op_name) `thenTc_`
277 tcHsTopType op_ty `thenTc` \ local_ty ->
279 global_ty = mkSigmaTy rec_clas_tyvars
280 [mkClassPred rec_clas (mkTyVarTys rec_clas_tyvars)]
283 -- Build the selector id and default method id
284 sel_id = mkDictSelId op_name rec_clas
285 dm_id = mkDefaultMethodId dm_name rec_clas global_ty
286 final_dm_id = tcAddImportedIdInfo rec_env dm_id
288 -- traceTc (text "tcClassSig done" <+> ppr op_name) `thenTc_`
289 returnTc (local_ty, (sel_id, final_dm_id, explicit_dm))
293 %************************************************************************
295 \subsection[ClassDcl-pass2]{Class decls pass 2: default methods}
297 %************************************************************************
299 The purpose of pass 2 is
302 to beat on the explicitly-provided default-method decls (if any),
303 using them to produce a complete set of default-method decls.
304 (Omitted ones elicit an error message.)
306 to produce a definition for the selector function for each method
307 and superclass dictionary.
310 Pass~2 only applies to locally-defined class declarations.
312 The function @tcClassDecls2@ just arranges to apply @tcClassDecl2@ to
313 each local class decl.
316 tcClassDecls2 :: [RenamedHsDecl]
317 -> NF_TcM s (LIE, TcMonoBinds)
321 (returnNF_Tc (emptyLIE, EmptyMonoBinds))
322 [tcClassDecl2 cls_decl | TyClD cls_decl <- decls, isClassDecl cls_decl]
324 combine tc1 tc2 = tc1 `thenNF_Tc` \ (lie1, binds1) ->
325 tc2 `thenNF_Tc` \ (lie2, binds2) ->
326 returnNF_Tc (lie1 `plusLIE` lie2,
327 binds1 `AndMonoBinds` binds2)
330 @tcClassDecl2@ is the business end of things.
333 tcClassDecl2 :: RenamedTyClDecl -- The class declaration
334 -> NF_TcM s (LIE, TcMonoBinds)
336 tcClassDecl2 (ClassDecl context class_name
337 tyvar_names _ class_sigs default_binds pragmas _ _ _ _ src_loc)
339 | not (isLocallyDefined class_name)
340 = returnNF_Tc (emptyLIE, EmptyMonoBinds)
342 | otherwise -- It is locally defined
343 = recoverNF_Tc (returnNF_Tc (emptyLIE, EmptyMonoBinds)) $
344 tcAddSrcLoc src_loc $
345 tcLookupClass class_name `thenNF_Tc` \ clas ->
346 tcDefaultMethodBinds clas default_binds class_sigs
350 mkImplicitClassBinds :: [Class] -> NF_TcM s ([Id], TcMonoBinds)
351 mkImplicitClassBinds classes
352 = returnNF_Tc (concat cls_ids_s, andMonoBindList binds_s)
353 -- The selector binds are already in the selector Id's unfoldings
355 (cls_ids_s, binds_s) = unzip (map mk_implicit classes)
357 mk_implicit clas = (all_cls_ids, binds)
359 dict_con = classDataCon clas
360 all_cls_ids = dataConId dict_con : cls_ids
361 cls_ids = dataConWrapId dict_con : classSelIds clas
363 -- The wrapper and selectors get bindings, the worker does not
364 binds | isLocallyDefined clas = idsToMonoBinds cls_ids
365 | otherwise = EmptyMonoBinds
368 %************************************************************************
370 \subsection[Default methods]{Default methods}
372 %************************************************************************
374 The default methods for a class are each passed a dictionary for the
375 class, so that they get access to the other methods at the same type.
376 So, given the class decl
380 op2 :: Ord b => a -> b -> b -> b
383 op2 x y z = if (op1 x) && (y < z) then y else z
385 we get the default methods:
387 defm.Foo.op1 :: forall a. Foo a => a -> Bool
388 defm.Foo.op1 = /\a -> \dfoo -> \x -> True
390 defm.Foo.op2 :: forall a. Foo a => forall b. Ord b => a -> b -> b -> b
391 defm.Foo.op2 = /\ a -> \ dfoo -> /\ b -> \ dord -> \x y z ->
392 if (op1 a dfoo x) && (< b dord y z) then y else z
395 When we come across an instance decl, we may need to use the default
398 instance Foo Int where {}
402 const.Foo.Int.op1 :: Int -> Bool
403 const.Foo.Int.op1 = defm.Foo.op1 Int dfun.Foo.Int
405 const.Foo.Int.op2 :: forall b. Ord b => Int -> b -> b -> b
406 const.Foo.Int.op2 = defm.Foo.op2 Int dfun.Foo.Int
408 dfun.Foo.Int :: Foo Int
409 dfun.Foo.Int = (const.Foo.Int.op1, const.Foo.Int.op2)
411 Notice that, as with method selectors above, we assume that dictionary
412 application is curried, so there's no need to mention the Ord dictionary
413 in const.Foo.Int.op2 (or the type variable).
416 instance Foo a => Foo [a] where {}
418 dfun.Foo.List :: forall a. Foo a -> Foo [a]
420 = /\ a -> \ dfoo_a ->
422 op1 = defm.Foo.op1 [a] dfoo_list
423 op2 = defm.Foo.op2 [a] dfoo_list
424 dfoo_list = (op1, op2)
434 -> TcM s (LIE, TcMonoBinds)
436 tcDefaultMethodBinds clas default_binds sigs
437 = -- Check that the default bindings come from this class
438 checkFromThisClass clas op_items default_binds `thenNF_Tc_`
440 -- Do each default method separately
441 -- For Hugs compatibility we make a default-method for every
442 -- class op, regardless of whether or not the programmer supplied an
443 -- explicit default decl for the class. GHC will actually never
444 -- call the default method for such operations, because it'll whip up
445 -- a more-informative default method at each instance decl.
446 mapAndUnzipTc tc_dm op_items `thenTc` \ (defm_binds, const_lies) ->
448 returnTc (plusLIEs const_lies, andMonoBindList defm_binds)
450 prags = filter isPragSig sigs
452 (tyvars, _, _, op_items) = classBigSig clas
454 origin = ClassDeclOrigin
456 -- We make a separate binding for each default method.
457 -- At one time I used a single AbsBinds for all of them, thus
458 -- AbsBind [d] [dm1, dm2, dm3] { dm1 = ...; dm2 = ...; dm3 = ... }
459 -- But that desugars into
460 -- ds = \d -> (..., ..., ...)
461 -- dm1 = \d -> case ds d of (a,b,c) -> a
462 -- And since ds is big, it doesn't get inlined, so we don't get good
463 -- default methods. Better to make separate AbsBinds for each
465 tc_dm op_item@(_, dm_id, _)
466 = tcInstTyVars tyvars `thenNF_Tc` \ (clas_tyvars, inst_tys, _) ->
468 theta = [(mkClassPred clas inst_tys)]
470 newDicts origin theta `thenNF_Tc` \ (this_dict, [this_dict_id]) ->
472 avail_insts = this_dict
474 tcExtendTyVarEnvForMeths tyvars clas_tyvars (
475 tcMethodBind clas origin clas_tyvars inst_tys theta
476 default_binds prags False
478 ) `thenTc` \ (defm_bind, insts_needed, (_, local_dm_id)) ->
480 tcAddErrCtxt (defltMethCtxt clas) $
482 -- tcMethodBind has checked that the class_tyvars havn't
483 -- been unified with each other or another type, but we must
484 -- still zonk them before passing them to tcSimplifyAndCheck
485 mapNF_Tc zonkTcTyVarBndr clas_tyvars `thenNF_Tc` \ clas_tyvars' ->
489 (ptext SLIT("class") <+> ppr clas)
490 (mkVarSet clas_tyvars')
492 insts_needed `thenTc` \ (const_lie, dict_binds) ->
498 [(clas_tyvars', dm_id, local_dm_id)]
499 emptyNameSet -- No inlines (yet)
500 (dict_binds `andMonoBinds` defm_bind)
502 returnTc (full_bind, const_lie)
506 checkFromThisClass :: Class -> [ClassOpItem] -> RenamedMonoBinds -> NF_TcM s ()
507 checkFromThisClass clas op_items mono_binds
508 = mapNF_Tc check_from_this_class bndrs `thenNF_Tc_`
511 check_from_this_class (bndr, loc)
512 | nameOccName bndr `elem` sel_names = returnNF_Tc ()
513 | otherwise = tcAddSrcLoc loc $
514 addErrTc (badMethodErr bndr clas)
515 sel_names = [getOccName sel_id | (sel_id,_,_) <- op_items]
516 bndrs = bagToList (collectMonoBinders mono_binds)
520 @tcMethodBind@ is used to type-check both default-method and
521 instance-decl method declarations. We must type-check methods one at a
522 time, because their signatures may have different contexts and
529 -> [TcTyVar] -- Instantiated type variables for the
530 -- enclosing class/instance decl.
531 -- They'll be signature tyvars, and we
532 -- want to check that they don't get bound
533 -> [TcType] -- Instance types
534 -> TcThetaType -- Available theta; this could be used to check
535 -- the method signature, but actually that's done by
536 -- the caller; here, it's just used for the error message
537 -> RenamedMonoBinds -- Method binding (pick the right one from in here)
538 -> [RenamedSig] -- Pramgas (just for this one)
539 -> Bool -- True <=> This method is from an instance declaration
540 -> ClassOpItem -- The method selector and default-method Id
541 -> TcM s (TcMonoBinds, LIE, (LIE, TcId))
543 tcMethodBind clas origin inst_tyvars inst_tys inst_theta
544 meth_binds prags is_inst_decl
545 (sel_id, dm_id, explicit_dm)
546 = tcGetSrcLoc `thenNF_Tc` \ loc ->
548 newMethod origin sel_id inst_tys `thenNF_Tc` \ meth@(_, meth_id) ->
549 mkTcSig meth_id loc `thenNF_Tc` \ sig_info ->
552 meth_name = idName meth_id
553 maybe_user_bind = find_bind meth_name meth_binds
555 no_user_bind = case maybe_user_bind of {Nothing -> True; other -> False}
557 meth_bind = case maybe_user_bind of
559 Nothing -> mk_default_bind meth_name loc
561 meth_prags = find_prags meth_name prags
564 -- Warn if no method binding, only if -fwarn-missing-methods
565 warnTc (is_inst_decl && opt_WarnMissingMethods && no_user_bind && not explicit_dm)
566 (omittedMethodWarn sel_id clas) `thenNF_Tc_`
568 -- Check the bindings; first add inst_tyvars to the envt
569 -- so that we don't quantify over them in nested places
570 -- The *caller* put the class/inst decl tyvars into the envt
571 tcExtendGlobalTyVars (mkVarSet inst_tyvars) (
572 tcAddErrCtxt (methodCtxt sel_id) $
573 tcBindWithSigs NotTopLevel meth_bind
574 [sig_info] meth_prags NonRecursive
575 ) `thenTc` \ (binds, insts, _) ->
578 tcExtendLocalValEnv [(meth_name, meth_id)] (
579 tcSpecSigs meth_prags
580 ) `thenTc` \ (prag_binds1, prag_lie) ->
582 -- The prag_lie for a SPECIALISE pragma will mention the function
583 -- itself, so we have to simplify them away right now lest they float
585 bindInstsOfLocalFuns prag_lie [meth_id] `thenTc` \ (prag_lie', prag_binds2) ->
588 -- Now check that the instance type variables
589 -- (or, in the case of a class decl, the class tyvars)
590 -- have not been unified with anything in the environment
591 tcAddErrCtxtM (sigCtxt sig_msg inst_tyvars inst_theta (idType meth_id)) $
592 checkSigTyVars inst_tyvars emptyVarSet `thenTc_`
594 returnTc (binds `AndMonoBinds` prag_binds1 `AndMonoBinds` prag_binds2,
595 insts `plusLIE` prag_lie',
598 sig_msg = ptext SLIT("When checking the expected type for class method") <+> ppr sel_name
600 sel_name = idName sel_id
602 -- The renamer just puts the selector ID as the binder in the method binding
603 -- but we must use the method name; so we substitute it here. Crude but simple.
604 find_bind meth_name (FunMonoBind op_name fix matches loc)
605 | op_name == sel_name = Just (FunMonoBind meth_name fix matches loc)
606 find_bind meth_name (AndMonoBinds b1 b2)
607 = find_bind meth_name b1 `seqMaybe` find_bind meth_name b2
608 find_bind meth_name other = Nothing -- Default case
611 -- Find the prags for this method, and replace the
612 -- selector name with the method name
613 find_prags meth_name [] = []
614 find_prags meth_name (SpecSig name ty loc : prags)
615 | name == sel_name = SpecSig meth_name ty loc : find_prags meth_name prags
616 find_prags meth_name (InlineSig name phase loc : prags)
617 | name == sel_name = InlineSig meth_name phase loc : find_prags meth_name prags
618 find_prags meth_name (NoInlineSig name phase loc : prags)
619 | name == sel_name = NoInlineSig meth_name phase loc : find_prags meth_name prags
620 find_prags meth_name (prag:prags) = find_prags meth_name prags
622 mk_default_bind local_meth_name loc
623 = FunMonoBind local_meth_name
624 False -- Not infix decl
625 [mkSimpleMatch [] (default_expr loc) Nothing loc]
629 | explicit_dm = HsVar (getName dm_id) -- There's a default method
630 | otherwise = error_expr loc -- No default method
632 error_expr loc = HsApp (HsVar (getName nO_METHOD_BINDING_ERROR_ID))
633 (HsLit (HsString (_PK_ (error_msg loc))))
635 error_msg loc = showSDoc (hcat [ppr loc, text "|", ppr sel_id ])
641 classArityErr class_name
642 = ptext SLIT("Too many parameters for class") <+> quotes (ppr class_name)
644 superClassErr class_name sc
645 = ptext SLIT("Illegal superclass constraint") <+> quotes (pprHsClassAssertion sc)
646 <+> ptext SLIT("in declaration for class") <+> quotes (ppr class_name)
648 defltMethCtxt class_name
649 = ptext SLIT("When checking the default methods for class") <+> quotes (ppr class_name)
652 = ptext SLIT("In the definition for method") <+> quotes (ppr sel_id)
654 badMethodErr bndr clas
655 = hsep [ptext SLIT("Class"), quotes (ppr clas),
656 ptext SLIT("does not have a method"), quotes (ppr bndr)]
658 omittedMethodWarn sel_id clas
659 = sep [ptext SLIT("No explicit method nor default method for") <+> quotes (ppr sel_id),
660 ptext SLIT("in an instance declaration for") <+> quotes (ppr clas)]