2 % (c) The GRASP/AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 1992-1998
4 \section[TcMonoType]{Typechecking user-specified @MonoTypes@}
7 module TcMonoType ( tcHsType, tcHsRecType, tcIfaceType,
8 tcHsSigType, tcHsLiftedSigType,
9 tcRecClassContext, checkAmbiguity,
12 kcHsTyVar, kcHsTyVars, mkTyClTyVars,
13 kcHsType, kcHsSigType, kcHsLiftedSigType, kcHsContext,
14 tcTyVars, tcHsTyVars, mkImmutTyVars,
16 TcSigInfo(..), tcTySig, mkTcSig, maybeSig,
17 checkSigTyVars, sigCtxt, sigPatCtxt
20 #include "HsVersions.h"
22 import HsSyn ( HsType(..), HsTyVarBndr(..),
23 Sig(..), HsPred(..), pprParendHsType, HsTupCon(..), hsTyVarNames )
24 import RnHsSyn ( RenamedHsType, RenamedHsPred, RenamedContext, RenamedSig )
25 import TcHsSyn ( TcId )
28 import TcEnv ( tcExtendTyVarEnv, tcLookup, tcLookupGlobal,
29 tcGetGlobalTyVars, tcEnvTcIds, tcEnvTyVars,
30 TyThing(..), TcTyThing(..), tcExtendKindEnv
32 import TcType ( TcKind, TcTyVar, TcThetaType, TcTauType,
33 newKindVar, tcInstSigVar,
34 zonkKindEnv, zonkTcType, zonkTcTyVars, zonkTcTyVar
36 import Inst ( Inst, InstOrigin(..), newMethodWithGivenTy, instToId )
37 import FunDeps ( grow )
38 import TcUnify ( unifyKind, unifyOpenTypeKind )
39 import Unify ( allDistinctTyVars )
40 import Type ( Type, Kind, PredType(..), ThetaType, SigmaType, TauType,
41 mkTyVarTy, mkTyVarTys, mkFunTy, mkSynTy,
42 zipFunTys, hoistForAllTys,
43 mkSigmaTy, mkPredTy, mkTyConApp,
44 mkAppTys, splitForAllTys, splitRhoTy, mkRhoTy,
45 liftedTypeKind, unliftedTypeKind, mkArrowKind,
46 mkArrowKinds, getTyVar_maybe, getTyVar, splitFunTy_maybe,
47 tidyOpenType, tidyOpenTypes, tidyTyVar, tidyTyVars,
48 tyVarsOfType, tyVarsOfPred, mkForAllTys,
49 classesOfPreds, isUnboxedTupleType, isForAllTy
51 import PprType ( pprType, pprPred )
52 import Subst ( mkTopTyVarSubst, substTy )
53 import CoreFVs ( idFreeTyVars )
54 import Id ( mkVanillaId, idName, idType )
55 import Var ( Id, Var, TyVar, mkTyVar, tyVarKind )
58 import ErrUtils ( Message )
59 import TyCon ( TyCon, isSynTyCon, tyConArity, tyConKind )
60 import Class ( ClassContext, classArity, classTyCon )
62 import TysWiredIn ( mkListTy, mkTupleTy, genUnitTyCon )
63 import BasicTypes ( Boxity(..), RecFlag(..), isRec )
64 import SrcLoc ( SrcLoc )
65 import Util ( mapAccumL, isSingleton )
71 %************************************************************************
73 \subsection{Kind checking}
75 %************************************************************************
79 When we come across the binding site for some type variables, we
82 1. Figure out what kind each tyvar has
84 2. Create suitably-kinded tyvars,
86 and typecheck the body
88 To do step 1, we proceed thus:
90 1a. Bind each type variable to a kind variable
91 1b. Apply the kind checker
92 1c. Zonk the resulting kinds
94 The kind checker is passed to tcHsTyVars as an argument.
96 For example, when we find
97 (forall a m. m a -> m a)
98 we bind a,m to kind varibles and kind-check (m a -> m a). This
99 makes a get kind *, and m get kind *->*. Now we typecheck (m a -> m a)
100 in an environment that binds a and m suitably.
102 The kind checker passed to tcHsTyVars needs to look at enough to
103 establish the kind of the tyvar:
104 * For a group of type and class decls, it's just the group, not
105 the rest of the program
106 * For a tyvar bound in a pattern type signature, its the types
107 mentioned in the other type signatures in that bunch of patterns
108 * For a tyvar bound in a RULE, it's the type signatures on other
109 universally quantified variables in the rule
111 Note that this may occasionally give surprising results. For example:
113 data T a b = MkT (a b)
115 Here we deduce a::*->*, b::*.
116 But equally valid would be
117 a::(*->*)-> *, b::*->*
120 tcHsTyVars :: [HsTyVarBndr Name]
121 -> TcM a -- The kind checker
122 -> ([TyVar] -> TcM b)
125 tcHsTyVars [] kind_check thing_inside = thing_inside []
126 -- A useful short cut for a common case!
128 tcHsTyVars tv_names kind_check thing_inside
129 = kcHsTyVars tv_names `thenNF_Tc` \ tv_names_w_kinds ->
130 tcExtendKindEnv tv_names_w_kinds kind_check `thenTc_`
131 zonkKindEnv tv_names_w_kinds `thenNF_Tc` \ tvs_w_kinds ->
133 tyvars = mkImmutTyVars tvs_w_kinds
135 tcExtendTyVarEnv tyvars (thing_inside tyvars)
138 -> TcM a -- The kind checker
140 tcTyVars [] kind_check = returnTc []
142 tcTyVars tv_names kind_check
143 = mapNF_Tc newNamedKindVar tv_names `thenTc` \ kind_env ->
144 tcExtendKindEnv kind_env kind_check `thenTc_`
145 zonkKindEnv kind_env `thenNF_Tc` \ tvs_w_kinds ->
146 listNF_Tc [tcNewSigTyVar name kind | (name,kind) <- tvs_w_kinds]
151 kcHsTyVar :: HsTyVarBndr name -> NF_TcM (name, TcKind)
152 kcHsTyVars :: [HsTyVarBndr name] -> NF_TcM [(name, TcKind)]
154 kcHsTyVar (UserTyVar name) = newNamedKindVar name
155 kcHsTyVar (IfaceTyVar name kind) = returnNF_Tc (name, kind)
157 kcHsTyVars tvs = mapNF_Tc kcHsTyVar tvs
159 newNamedKindVar name = newKindVar `thenNF_Tc` \ kind ->
160 returnNF_Tc (name, kind)
162 ---------------------------
163 kcLiftedType :: RenamedHsType -> TcM ()
164 -- The type ty must be a *lifted* *type*
166 = kcHsType ty `thenTc` \ kind ->
167 tcAddErrCtxt (typeKindCtxt ty) $
168 unifyKind liftedTypeKind kind
170 ---------------------------
171 kcTypeType :: RenamedHsType -> TcM ()
172 -- The type ty must be a *type*, but it can be lifted or unlifted.
174 = kcHsType ty `thenTc` \ kind ->
175 tcAddErrCtxt (typeKindCtxt ty) $
176 unifyOpenTypeKind kind
178 ---------------------------
179 kcHsSigType, kcHsLiftedSigType :: RenamedHsType -> TcM ()
180 -- Used for type signatures
181 kcHsSigType = kcTypeType
182 kcHsLiftedSigType = kcLiftedType
184 ---------------------------
185 kcHsType :: RenamedHsType -> TcM TcKind
186 kcHsType (HsTyVar name) = kcTyVar name
188 kcHsType (HsListTy ty)
189 = kcLiftedType ty `thenTc` \ tau_ty ->
190 returnTc liftedTypeKind
192 kcHsType (HsTupleTy (HsTupCon _ boxity _) tys)
193 = mapTc kcTypeType tys `thenTc_`
194 returnTc (case boxity of
195 Boxed -> liftedTypeKind
196 Unboxed -> unliftedTypeKind)
198 kcHsType (HsFunTy ty1 ty2)
199 = kcTypeType ty1 `thenTc_`
200 kcTypeType ty2 `thenTc_`
201 returnTc liftedTypeKind
203 kcHsType ty@(HsOpTy ty1 op ty2)
204 = kcTyVar op `thenTc` \ op_kind ->
205 kcHsType ty1 `thenTc` \ ty1_kind ->
206 kcHsType ty2 `thenTc` \ ty2_kind ->
207 tcAddErrCtxt (appKindCtxt (ppr ty)) $
208 kcAppKind op_kind ty1_kind `thenTc` \ op_kind' ->
209 kcAppKind op_kind' ty2_kind
211 kcHsType (HsPredTy pred)
212 = kcHsPred pred `thenTc_`
213 returnTc liftedTypeKind
215 kcHsType ty@(HsAppTy ty1 ty2)
216 = kcHsType ty1 `thenTc` \ tc_kind ->
217 kcHsType ty2 `thenTc` \ arg_kind ->
218 tcAddErrCtxt (appKindCtxt (ppr ty)) $
219 kcAppKind tc_kind arg_kind
221 kcHsType (HsForAllTy (Just tv_names) context ty)
222 = kcHsTyVars tv_names `thenNF_Tc` \ kind_env ->
223 tcExtendKindEnv kind_env $
224 kcHsContext context `thenTc_`
225 kcHsType ty `thenTc_`
226 returnTc liftedTypeKind
228 ---------------------------
229 kcAppKind fun_kind arg_kind
230 = case splitFunTy_maybe fun_kind of
231 Just (arg_kind', res_kind)
232 -> unifyKind arg_kind arg_kind' `thenTc_`
235 Nothing -> newKindVar `thenNF_Tc` \ res_kind ->
236 unifyKind fun_kind (mkArrowKind arg_kind res_kind) `thenTc_`
240 ---------------------------
241 kcHsContext ctxt = mapTc_ kcHsPred ctxt
243 kcHsPred :: RenamedHsPred -> TcM ()
244 kcHsPred pred@(HsPIParam name ty)
245 = tcAddErrCtxt (appKindCtxt (ppr pred)) $
248 kcHsPred pred@(HsPClass cls tys)
249 = tcAddErrCtxt (appKindCtxt (ppr pred)) $
250 kcClass cls `thenTc` \ kind ->
251 mapTc kcHsType tys `thenTc` \ arg_kinds ->
252 unifyKind kind (mkArrowKinds arg_kinds liftedTypeKind)
254 ---------------------------
255 kcTyVar name -- Could be a tyvar or a tycon
256 = tcLookup name `thenTc` \ thing ->
258 AThing kind -> returnTc kind
259 ATyVar tv -> returnTc (tyVarKind tv)
260 AGlobal (ATyCon tc) -> returnTc (tyConKind tc)
261 other -> failWithTc (wrongThingErr "type" thing name)
263 kcClass cls -- Must be a class
264 = tcLookup cls `thenNF_Tc` \ thing ->
266 AThing kind -> returnTc kind
267 AGlobal (AClass cls) -> returnTc (tyConKind (classTyCon cls))
268 other -> failWithTc (wrongThingErr "class" thing cls)
271 %************************************************************************
273 \subsection{Checking types}
275 %************************************************************************
277 tcHsSigType and tcHsLiftedSigType
278 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
280 tcHsSigType and tcHsLiftedSigType are used for type signatures written by the programmer
282 * We hoist any inner for-alls to the top
284 * Notice that we kind-check first, because the type-check assumes
285 that the kinds are already checked.
287 * They are only called when there are no kind vars in the environment
288 so the kind returned is indeed a Kind not a TcKind
291 tcHsSigType, tcHsLiftedSigType :: RenamedHsType -> TcM Type
292 -- Do kind checking, and hoist for-alls to the top
293 tcHsSigType ty = kcTypeType ty `thenTc_` tcHsType ty
294 tcHsLiftedSigType ty = kcLiftedType ty `thenTc_` tcHsType ty
296 tcHsType :: RenamedHsType -> TcM Type
297 tcHsRecType :: RecFlag -> RenamedHsType -> TcM Type
298 -- Don't do kind checking, but do hoist for-alls to the top
299 -- These are used in type and class decls, where kinding is
301 tcHsType ty = tc_type NonRecursive ty `thenTc` \ ty' -> returnTc (hoistForAllTys ty')
302 tcHsRecType wimp_out ty = tc_type wimp_out ty `thenTc` \ ty' -> returnTc (hoistForAllTys ty')
304 -- In interface files the type is already kinded,
305 -- and we definitely don't want to hoist for-alls.
306 -- Otherwise we'll change
307 -- dmfail :: forall m:(*->*) Monad m => forall a:* => String -> m a
309 -- dmfail :: forall m:(*->*) a:* Monad m => String -> m a
310 -- which definitely isn't right!
311 tcIfaceType ty = tc_type NonRecursive ty
315 %************************************************************************
319 %************************************************************************
321 tc_type, the main work horse
322 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
328 tc_type is used to typecheck the types in the RHS of data
329 constructors. In the case of recursive data types, that means that
330 the type constructors themselves are (partly) black holes. e.g.
332 data T a = MkT a [T a]
334 While typechecking the [T a] on the RHS, T itself is not yet fully
335 defined. That in turn places restrictions on what you can check in
336 tcHsType; if you poke on too much you get a black hole. I keep
337 forgetting this, hence this warning!
339 The wimp_out argument tells when we are in a mutually-recursive
340 group of type declarations, so omit various checks else we
341 get a black hole. They'll be done again later, in TcTyClDecls.tcGroup.
343 --------------------------
344 *** END OF BIG WARNING ***
345 --------------------------
349 tc_type :: RecFlag -> RenamedHsType -> TcM Type
351 tc_type wimp_out ty@(HsTyVar name)
352 = tc_app wimp_out ty []
354 tc_type wimp_out (HsListTy ty)
355 = tc_arg_type wimp_out ty `thenTc` \ tau_ty ->
356 returnTc (mkListTy tau_ty)
358 tc_type wimp_out (HsTupleTy (HsTupCon _ boxity arity) tys)
359 = ASSERT( arity == length tys )
360 mapTc tc_tup_arg tys `thenTc` \ tau_tys ->
361 returnTc (mkTupleTy boxity arity tau_tys)
363 tc_tup_arg = case boxity of
364 Boxed -> tc_arg_type wimp_out
365 Unboxed -> tc_type wimp_out
366 -- Unboxed tuples can have polymorphic or unboxed args.
367 -- This happens in the workers for functions returning
368 -- product types with polymorphic components
370 tc_type wimp_out (HsFunTy ty1 ty2)
371 = tc_type wimp_out ty1 `thenTc` \ tau_ty1 ->
372 -- Function argument can be polymorphic, but
373 -- must not be an unboxed tuple
374 checkTc (not (isUnboxedTupleType tau_ty1))
375 (ubxArgTyErr ty1) `thenTc_`
376 tc_type wimp_out ty2 `thenTc` \ tau_ty2 ->
377 returnTc (mkFunTy tau_ty1 tau_ty2)
379 tc_type wimp_out (HsNumTy n)
381 returnTc (mkTyConApp genUnitTyCon [])
383 tc_type wimp_out (HsOpTy ty1 op ty2) =
384 tc_arg_type wimp_out ty1 `thenTc` \ tau_ty1 ->
385 tc_arg_type wimp_out ty2 `thenTc` \ tau_ty2 ->
386 tc_fun_type op [tau_ty1,tau_ty2]
388 tc_type wimp_out (HsAppTy ty1 ty2)
389 = tc_app wimp_out ty1 [ty2]
391 tc_type wimp_out (HsPredTy pred)
392 = tc_pred wimp_out pred `thenTc` \ pred' ->
393 returnTc (mkPredTy pred')
395 tc_type wimp_out full_ty@(HsForAllTy (Just tv_names) ctxt ty)
397 kind_check = kcHsContext ctxt `thenTc_` kcHsType ty
399 tcHsTyVars tv_names kind_check $ \ tyvars ->
400 tc_context wimp_out ctxt `thenTc` \ theta ->
402 -- Context behaves like a function type
403 -- This matters. Return-unboxed-tuple analysis can
404 -- give overloaded functions like
405 -- f :: forall a. Num a => (# a->a, a->a #)
406 -- And we want these to get through the type checker
408 tc_arg_type wimp_out ty
413 checkAmbiguity wimp_out is_source tyvars theta tau
415 is_source = case tv_names of
416 (UserTyVar _ : _) -> True
420 -- tc_arg_type checks that the argument of a
421 -- type appplication isn't a for-all type or an unboxed tuple type
422 -- For example, we want to reject things like:
424 -- instance Ord a => Ord (forall s. T s a)
426 -- g :: T s (forall b.b)
428 -- Other unboxed types are very occasionally allowed as type
429 -- arguments depending on the kind of the type constructor
431 tc_arg_type wimp_out arg_ty
433 = tc_type wimp_out arg_ty
436 = tc_type wimp_out arg_ty `thenTc` \ arg_ty' ->
437 checkTc (not (isForAllTy arg_ty')) (polyArgTyErr arg_ty) `thenTc_`
438 checkTc (not (isUnboxedTupleType arg_ty')) (ubxArgTyErr arg_ty) `thenTc_`
441 tc_arg_types wimp_out arg_tys = mapTc (tc_arg_type wimp_out) arg_tys
444 Help functions for type applications
445 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
448 tc_app :: RecFlag -> RenamedHsType -> [RenamedHsType] -> TcM Type
449 tc_app wimp_out (HsAppTy ty1 ty2) tys
450 = tc_app wimp_out ty1 (ty2:tys)
452 tc_app wimp_out ty tys
453 = tcAddErrCtxt (appKindCtxt pp_app) $
454 tc_arg_types wimp_out tys `thenTc` \ arg_tys ->
456 HsTyVar fun -> tc_fun_type fun arg_tys
457 other -> tc_type wimp_out ty `thenTc` \ fun_ty ->
458 returnNF_Tc (mkAppTys fun_ty arg_tys)
460 pp_app = ppr ty <+> sep (map pprParendHsType tys)
462 -- (tc_fun_type ty arg_tys) returns (mkAppTys ty arg_tys)
463 -- But not quite; for synonyms it checks the correct arity, and builds a SynTy
464 -- hence the rather strange functionality.
466 tc_fun_type name arg_tys
467 = tcLookup name `thenTc` \ thing ->
469 ATyVar tv -> returnTc (mkAppTys (mkTyVarTy tv) arg_tys)
472 | isSynTyCon tc -> checkTc arity_ok err_msg `thenTc_`
473 returnTc (mkAppTys (mkSynTy tc (take arity arg_tys))
474 (drop arity arg_tys))
476 | otherwise -> returnTc (mkTyConApp tc arg_tys)
479 arity_ok = arity <= n_args
480 arity = tyConArity tc
481 -- It's OK to have an *over-applied* type synonym
482 -- data Tree a b = ...
483 -- type Foo a = Tree [a]
484 -- f :: Foo a b -> ...
485 err_msg = arityErr "Type synonym" name arity n_args
486 n_args = length arg_tys
488 other -> failWithTc (wrongThingErr "type constructor" thing name)
495 tcRecClassContext :: RecFlag -> RenamedContext -> TcM ClassContext
496 -- Used when we are expecting a ClassContext (i.e. no implicit params)
497 tcRecClassContext wimp_out context
498 = tc_context wimp_out context `thenTc` \ theta ->
499 returnTc (classesOfPreds theta)
501 tc_context :: RecFlag -> RenamedContext -> TcM ThetaType
502 tc_context wimp_out context = mapTc (tc_pred wimp_out) context
504 tc_pred wimp_out assn@(HsPClass class_name tys)
505 = tcAddErrCtxt (appKindCtxt (ppr assn)) $
506 tc_arg_types wimp_out tys `thenTc` \ arg_tys ->
507 tcLookupGlobal class_name `thenTc` \ thing ->
509 AClass clas -> checkTc (arity == n_tys) err `thenTc_`
510 returnTc (Class clas arg_tys)
512 arity = classArity clas
514 err = arityErr "Class" class_name arity n_tys
516 other -> failWithTc (wrongThingErr "class" (AGlobal thing) class_name)
518 tc_pred wimp_out assn@(HsPIParam name ty)
519 = tcAddErrCtxt (appKindCtxt (ppr assn)) $
520 tc_arg_type wimp_out ty `thenTc` \ arg_ty ->
521 returnTc (IParam name arg_ty)
528 is ambiguous if P contains generic variables
529 (i.e. one of the Vs) that are not mentioned in tau
531 However, we need to take account of functional dependencies
532 when we speak of 'mentioned in tau'. Example:
533 class C a b | a -> b where ...
535 forall x y. (C x y) => x
536 is not ambiguous because x is mentioned and x determines y
538 NOTE: In addition, GHC insists that at least one type variable
539 in each constraint is in V. So we disallow a type like
540 forall a. Eq b => b -> b
541 even in a scope where b is in scope.
542 This is the is_free test below.
544 Notes on the 'is_source_polytype' test above
545 Check ambiguity only for source-program types, not
546 for types coming from inteface files. The latter can
547 legitimately have ambiguous types. Example
548 class S a where s :: a -> (Int,Int)
549 instance S Char where s _ = (1,1)
550 f:: S a => [a] -> Int -> (Int,Int)
551 f (_::[a]) x = (a*x,b)
552 where (a,b) = s (undefined::a)
553 Here the worker for f gets the type
554 fw :: forall a. S a => Int -> (# Int, Int #)
556 If the list of tv_names is empty, we have a monotype,
557 and then we don't need to check for ambiguity either,
558 because the test can't fail (see is_ambig).
561 checkAmbiguity :: RecFlag -> Bool
562 -> [TyVar] -> ThetaType -> TauType
564 checkAmbiguity wimp_out is_source_polytype forall_tyvars theta tau
565 | isRec wimp_out = returnTc sigma_ty
566 | otherwise = mapTc_ check_pred theta `thenTc_`
569 sigma_ty = mkSigmaTy forall_tyvars theta tau
570 tau_vars = tyVarsOfType tau
571 extended_tau_vars = grow theta tau_vars
573 is_ambig ct_var = (ct_var `elem` forall_tyvars) &&
574 not (ct_var `elemVarSet` extended_tau_vars)
575 is_free ct_var = not (ct_var `elem` forall_tyvars)
577 check_pred pred = checkTc (not any_ambig) (ambigErr pred sigma_ty) `thenTc_`
578 checkTc (is_ip pred || not all_free) (freeErr pred sigma_ty)
580 ct_vars = varSetElems (tyVarsOfPred pred)
581 all_free = all is_free ct_vars
582 any_ambig = is_source_polytype && any is_ambig ct_vars
583 is_ip (IParam _ _) = True
587 %************************************************************************
589 \subsection{Type variables, with knot tying!}
591 %************************************************************************
594 mkImmutTyVars :: [(Name,Kind)] -> [TyVar]
595 mkImmutTyVars pairs = [mkTyVar name kind | (name, kind) <- pairs]
597 mkTyClTyVars :: Kind -- Kind of the tycon or class
598 -> [HsTyVarBndr Name]
600 mkTyClTyVars kind tyvar_names
601 = mkImmutTyVars tyvars_w_kinds
603 (tyvars_w_kinds, _) = zipFunTys (hsTyVarNames tyvar_names) kind
607 %************************************************************************
609 \subsection{Signatures}
611 %************************************************************************
613 @tcSigs@ checks the signatures for validity, and returns a list of
614 {\em freshly-instantiated} signatures. That is, the types are already
615 split up, and have fresh type variables installed. All non-type-signature
616 "RenamedSigs" are ignored.
618 The @TcSigInfo@ contains @TcTypes@ because they are unified with
619 the variable's type, and after that checked to see whether they've
625 Name -- N, the Name in corresponding binding
627 TcId -- *Polymorphic* binder for this value...
634 TcId -- *Monomorphic* binder for this value
635 -- Does *not* have name = N
638 [Inst] -- Empty if theta is null, or
639 -- (method mono_id) otherwise
641 SrcLoc -- Of the signature
643 instance Outputable TcSigInfo where
644 ppr (TySigInfo nm id tyvars theta tau _ inst loc) =
645 ppr nm <+> ptext SLIT("::") <+> ppr tyvars <+> ppr theta <+> ptext SLIT("=>") <+> ppr tau
647 maybeSig :: [TcSigInfo] -> Name -> Maybe (TcSigInfo)
648 -- Search for a particular signature
649 maybeSig [] name = Nothing
650 maybeSig (sig@(TySigInfo sig_name _ _ _ _ _ _ _) : sigs) name
651 | name == sig_name = Just sig
652 | otherwise = maybeSig sigs name
657 tcTySig :: RenamedSig -> TcM TcSigInfo
659 tcTySig (Sig v ty src_loc)
660 = tcAddSrcLoc src_loc $
661 tcAddErrCtxt (tcsigCtxt v) $
662 tcHsSigType ty `thenTc` \ sigma_tc_ty ->
663 mkTcSig (mkVanillaId v sigma_tc_ty) src_loc `thenNF_Tc` \ sig ->
666 mkTcSig :: TcId -> SrcLoc -> NF_TcM TcSigInfo
667 mkTcSig poly_id src_loc
668 = -- Instantiate this type
669 -- It's important to do this even though in the error-free case
670 -- we could just split the sigma_tc_ty (since the tyvars don't
671 -- unified with anything). But in the case of an error, when
672 -- the tyvars *do* get unified with something, we want to carry on
673 -- typechecking the rest of the program with the function bound
674 -- to a pristine type, namely sigma_tc_ty
676 (tyvars, rho) = splitForAllTys (idType poly_id)
678 mapNF_Tc tcInstSigVar tyvars `thenNF_Tc` \ tyvars' ->
679 -- Make *signature* type variables
682 tyvar_tys' = mkTyVarTys tyvars'
683 rho' = substTy (mkTopTyVarSubst tyvars tyvar_tys') rho
684 -- mkTopTyVarSubst because the tyvars' are fresh
685 (theta', tau') = splitRhoTy rho'
686 -- This splitRhoTy tries hard to make sure that tau' is a type synonym
687 -- wherever possible, which can improve interface files.
689 newMethodWithGivenTy SignatureOrigin
692 theta' tau' `thenNF_Tc` \ inst ->
693 -- We make a Method even if it's not overloaded; no harm
695 returnNF_Tc (TySigInfo name poly_id tyvars' theta' tau' (instToId inst) [inst] src_loc)
697 name = idName poly_id
702 %************************************************************************
704 \subsection{Checking signature type variables}
706 %************************************************************************
708 @checkSigTyVars@ is used after the type in a type signature has been unified with
709 the actual type found. It then checks that the type variables of the type signature
711 (a) Still all type variables
712 eg matching signature [a] against inferred type [(p,q)]
713 [then a will be unified to a non-type variable]
715 (b) Still all distinct
716 eg matching signature [(a,b)] against inferred type [(p,p)]
717 [then a and b will be unified together]
719 (c) Not mentioned in the environment
720 eg the signature for f in this:
726 Here, f is forced to be monorphic by the free occurence of x.
728 (d) Not (unified with another type variable that is) in scope.
729 eg f x :: (r->r) = (\y->y) :: forall a. a->r
730 when checking the expression type signature, we find that
731 even though there is nothing in scope whose type mentions r,
732 nevertheless the type signature for the expression isn't right.
734 Another example is in a class or instance declaration:
736 op :: forall b. a -> b
738 Here, b gets unified with a
740 Before doing this, the substitution is applied to the signature type variable.
742 We used to have the notion of a "DontBind" type variable, which would
743 only be bound to itself or nothing. Then points (a) and (b) were
744 self-checking. But it gave rise to bogus consequential error messages.
747 f = (*) -- Monomorphic
752 Here, we get a complaint when checking the type signature for g,
753 that g isn't polymorphic enough; but then we get another one when
754 dealing with the (Num x) context arising from f's definition;
755 we try to unify x with Int (to default it), but find that x has already
756 been unified with the DontBind variable "a" from g's signature.
757 This is really a problem with side-effecting unification; we'd like to
758 undo g's effects when its type signature fails, but unification is done
759 by side effect, so we can't (easily).
761 So we revert to ordinary type variables for signatures, and try to
762 give a helpful message in checkSigTyVars.
765 checkSigTyVars :: [TcTyVar] -- Universally-quantified type variables in the signature
766 -> TcTyVarSet -- Tyvars that are free in the type signature
767 -- Not necessarily zonked
768 -- These should *already* be in the free-in-env set,
769 -- and are used here only to improve the error message
770 -> TcM [TcTyVar] -- Zonked signature type variables
772 checkSigTyVars [] free = returnTc []
773 checkSigTyVars sig_tyvars free_tyvars
774 = zonkTcTyVars sig_tyvars `thenNF_Tc` \ sig_tys ->
775 tcGetGlobalTyVars `thenNF_Tc` \ globals ->
777 checkTcM (allDistinctTyVars sig_tys globals)
778 (complain sig_tys globals) `thenTc_`
780 returnTc (map (getTyVar "checkSigTyVars") sig_tys)
783 complain sig_tys globals
784 = -- For the in-scope ones, zonk them and construct a map
785 -- from the zonked tyvar to the in-scope one
786 -- If any of the in-scope tyvars zonk to a type, then ignore them;
787 -- that'll be caught later when we back up to their type sig
788 tcGetEnv `thenNF_Tc` \ env ->
790 in_scope_tvs = tcEnvTyVars env
792 zonkTcTyVars in_scope_tvs `thenNF_Tc` \ in_scope_tys ->
794 in_scope_assoc = [ (zonked_tv, in_scope_tv)
795 | (z_ty, in_scope_tv) <- in_scope_tys `zip` in_scope_tvs,
796 Just zonked_tv <- [getTyVar_maybe z_ty]
798 in_scope_env = mkVarEnv in_scope_assoc
801 -- "check" checks each sig tyvar in turn
803 (env2, in_scope_env, [])
804 (tidy_tvs `zip` tidy_tys) `thenNF_Tc` \ (env3, _, msgs) ->
806 failWithTcM (env3, main_msg $$ nest 4 (vcat msgs))
808 (env1, tidy_tvs) = mapAccumL tidyTyVar emptyTidyEnv sig_tyvars
809 (env2, tidy_tys) = tidyOpenTypes env1 sig_tys
811 main_msg = ptext SLIT("Inferred type is less polymorphic than expected")
813 check (tidy_env, acc, msgs) (sig_tyvar,ty)
814 -- sig_tyvar is from the signature;
815 -- ty is what you get if you zonk sig_tyvar and then tidy it
817 -- acc maps a zonked type variable back to a signature type variable
818 = case getTyVar_maybe ty of {
819 Nothing -> -- Error (a)!
820 returnNF_Tc (tidy_env, acc, unify_msg sig_tyvar (ppr ty) : msgs) ;
824 case lookupVarEnv acc tv of {
825 Just sig_tyvar' -> -- Error (b) or (d)!
826 returnNF_Tc (tidy_env, acc, unify_msg sig_tyvar (ppr sig_tyvar') : msgs) ;
830 if tv `elemVarSet` globals -- Error (c)! Type variable escapes
831 -- The least comprehensible, so put it last
833 -- a) get the local TcIds from the environment,
834 -- and pass them to find_globals (they might have tv free)
835 -- b) similarly, find any free_tyvars that mention tv
836 then tcGetEnv `thenNF_Tc` \ ve ->
837 find_globals tv tidy_env [] (tcEnvTcIds ve) `thenNF_Tc` \ (tidy_env1, globs) ->
838 find_frees tv tidy_env1 [] (varSetElems free_tyvars) `thenNF_Tc` \ (tidy_env2, frees) ->
839 returnNF_Tc (tidy_env2, acc, escape_msg sig_tyvar tv globs frees : msgs)
842 returnNF_Tc (tidy_env, extendVarEnv acc tv sig_tyvar, msgs)
845 -- find_globals looks at the value environment and finds values
846 -- whose types mention the offending type variable. It has to be
847 -- careful to zonk the Id's type first, so it has to be in the monad.
848 -- We must be careful to pass it a zonked type variable, too.
854 -> NF_TcM (TidyEnv,[(Name,Type)])
856 find_globals tv tidy_env acc []
857 = returnNF_Tc (tidy_env, acc)
859 find_globals tv tidy_env acc (id:ids)
860 | isEmptyVarSet (idFreeTyVars id)
861 = find_globals tv tidy_env acc ids
864 = zonkTcType (idType id) `thenNF_Tc` \ id_ty ->
865 if tv `elemVarSet` tyVarsOfType id_ty then
867 (tidy_env', id_ty') = tidyOpenType tidy_env id_ty
868 acc' = (idName id, id_ty') : acc
870 find_globals tv tidy_env' acc' ids
872 find_globals tv tidy_env acc ids
874 find_frees tv tidy_env acc []
875 = returnNF_Tc (tidy_env, acc)
876 find_frees tv tidy_env acc (ftv:ftvs)
877 = zonkTcTyVar ftv `thenNF_Tc` \ ty ->
878 if tv `elemVarSet` tyVarsOfType ty then
880 (tidy_env', ftv') = tidyTyVar tidy_env ftv
882 find_frees tv tidy_env' (ftv':acc) ftvs
884 find_frees tv tidy_env acc ftvs
887 escape_msg sig_tv tv globs frees
888 = mk_msg sig_tv <+> ptext SLIT("escapes") $$
889 if not (null globs) then
890 vcat [pp_it <+> ptext SLIT("is mentioned in the environment"),
891 ptext SLIT("The following variables in the environment mention") <+> quotes (ppr tv),
892 nest 2 (vcat_first 10 [ppr name <+> dcolon <+> ppr ty | (name,ty) <- globs])
894 else if not (null frees) then
895 vcat [ptext SLIT("It is reachable from the type variable(s)") <+> pprQuotedList frees,
896 nest 2 (ptext SLIT("which") <+> is_are <+> ptext SLIT("free in the signature"))
899 empty -- Sigh. It's really hard to give a good error message
900 -- all the time. One bad case is an existential pattern match
902 is_are | isSingleton frees = ptext SLIT("is")
903 | otherwise = ptext SLIT("are")
904 pp_it | sig_tv /= tv = ptext SLIT("It unifies with") <+> quotes (ppr tv) <> comma <+> ptext SLIT("which")
905 | otherwise = ptext SLIT("It")
907 vcat_first :: Int -> [SDoc] -> SDoc
908 vcat_first n [] = empty
909 vcat_first 0 (x:xs) = text "...others omitted..."
910 vcat_first n (x:xs) = x $$ vcat_first (n-1) xs
912 unify_msg tv thing = mk_msg tv <+> ptext SLIT("is unified with") <+> quotes thing
913 mk_msg tv = ptext SLIT("Quantified type variable") <+> quotes (ppr tv)
916 These two context are used with checkSigTyVars
919 sigCtxt :: Message -> [TcTyVar] -> TcThetaType -> TcTauType
920 -> TidyEnv -> NF_TcM (TidyEnv, Message)
921 sigCtxt when sig_tyvars sig_theta sig_tau tidy_env
922 = zonkTcType sig_tau `thenNF_Tc` \ actual_tau ->
924 (env1, tidy_sig_tyvars) = tidyTyVars tidy_env sig_tyvars
925 (env2, tidy_sig_rho) = tidyOpenType env1 (mkRhoTy sig_theta sig_tau)
926 (env3, tidy_actual_tau) = tidyOpenType env2 actual_tau
927 msg = vcat [ptext SLIT("Signature type: ") <+> pprType (mkForAllTys tidy_sig_tyvars tidy_sig_rho),
928 ptext SLIT("Type to generalise:") <+> pprType tidy_actual_tau,
932 returnNF_Tc (env3, msg)
934 sigPatCtxt bound_tvs bound_ids tidy_env
936 sep [ptext SLIT("When checking a pattern that binds"),
937 nest 4 (vcat (zipWith ppr_id show_ids tidy_tys))])
939 show_ids = filter is_interesting bound_ids
940 is_interesting id = any (`elemVarSet` idFreeTyVars id) bound_tvs
942 (env1, tidy_tys) = tidyOpenTypes tidy_env (map idType show_ids)
943 ppr_id id ty = ppr id <+> dcolon <+> ppr ty
944 -- Don't zonk the types so we get the separate, un-unified versions
948 %************************************************************************
950 \subsection{Errors and contexts}
952 %************************************************************************
955 tcsigCtxt v = ptext SLIT("In a type signature for") <+> quotes (ppr v)
957 typeKindCtxt :: RenamedHsType -> Message
958 typeKindCtxt ty = sep [ptext SLIT("When checking that"),
959 nest 2 (quotes (ppr ty)),
960 ptext SLIT("is a type")]
962 appKindCtxt :: SDoc -> Message
963 appKindCtxt pp = ptext SLIT("When checking kinds in") <+> quotes pp
965 wrongThingErr expected thing name
966 = pp_thing thing <+> quotes (ppr name) <+> ptext SLIT("used as a") <+> text expected
968 pp_thing (AGlobal (ATyCon _)) = ptext SLIT("Type constructor")
969 pp_thing (AGlobal (AClass _)) = ptext SLIT("Class")
970 pp_thing (AGlobal (AnId _)) = ptext SLIT("Identifier")
971 pp_thing (ATyVar _) = ptext SLIT("Type variable")
972 pp_thing (ATcId _) = ptext SLIT("Local identifier")
973 pp_thing (AThing _) = ptext SLIT("Utterly bogus")
976 = sep [ptext SLIT("Ambiguous constraint") <+> quotes (pprPred pred),
977 nest 4 (ptext SLIT("for the type:") <+> ppr ty),
978 nest 4 (ptext SLIT("At least one of the forall'd type variables mentioned by the constraint") $$
979 ptext SLIT("must be reachable from the type after the =>"))]
982 = sep [ptext SLIT("The constraint") <+> quotes (pprPred pred) <+>
983 ptext SLIT("does not mention any of the universally quantified type variables"),
984 nest 4 (ptext SLIT("in the type") <+> quotes (ppr ty))
987 polyArgTyErr ty = ptext SLIT("Illegal polymorphic type as argument:") <+> ppr ty
988 ubxArgTyErr ty = ptext SLIT("Illegal unboxed tuple type as argument:") <+> ppr ty