1 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 * $Id: Storage.c,v 1.31 2000/12/19 12:51:58 simonmar Exp $
4 * (c) The GHC Team, 1998-1999
6 * Storage manager front end
8 * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
15 #include "BlockAlloc.h"
22 #include "StoragePriv.h"
25 nat nursery_blocks; /* number of blocks in the nursery */
28 StgClosure *caf_list = NULL;
30 bdescr *small_alloc_list; /* allocate()d small objects */
31 bdescr *large_alloc_list; /* allocate()d large objects */
32 nat alloc_blocks; /* number of allocate()d blocks since GC */
33 nat alloc_blocks_lim; /* approximate limit on alloc_blocks */
35 StgPtr alloc_Hp = NULL; /* next free byte in small_alloc_list */
36 StgPtr alloc_HpLim = NULL; /* end of block at small_alloc_list */
38 generation *generations; /* all the generations */
39 generation *g0; /* generation 0, for convenience */
40 generation *oldest_gen; /* oldest generation, for convenience */
41 step *g0s0; /* generation 0, step 0, for convenience */
43 lnat total_allocated = 0; /* total memory allocated during run */
46 * Storage manager mutex: protects all the above state from
47 * simultaneous access by two STG threads.
50 pthread_mutex_t sm_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
56 static void *stgAllocForGMP (size_t size_in_bytes);
57 static void *stgReallocForGMP (void *ptr, size_t old_size, size_t new_size);
58 static void stgDeallocForGMP (void *ptr, size_t size);
67 /* If we're doing heap profiling, we want a two-space heap with a
68 * fixed-size allocation area so that we get roughly even-spaced
71 #if defined(PROFILING) || defined(DEBUG)
72 if (RtsFlags.ProfFlags.doHeapProfile) {
73 RtsFlags.GcFlags.generations = 1;
74 RtsFlags.GcFlags.steps = 1;
75 RtsFlags.GcFlags.oldGenFactor = 0;
76 RtsFlags.GcFlags.heapSizeSuggestion = 0;
80 if (RtsFlags.GcFlags.heapSizeSuggestion >
81 RtsFlags.GcFlags.maxHeapSize) {
82 RtsFlags.GcFlags.maxHeapSize = RtsFlags.GcFlags.heapSizeSuggestion;
87 /* allocate generation info array */
88 generations = (generation *)stgMallocBytes(RtsFlags.GcFlags.generations
89 * sizeof(struct _generation),
92 /* Initialise all generations */
93 for(g = 0; g < RtsFlags.GcFlags.generations; g++) {
94 gen = &generations[g];
96 gen->mut_list = END_MUT_LIST;
97 gen->mut_once_list = END_MUT_LIST;
99 gen->failed_promotions = 0;
103 /* A couple of convenience pointers */
104 g0 = &generations[0];
105 oldest_gen = &generations[RtsFlags.GcFlags.generations-1];
107 /* Allocate step structures in each generation */
108 if (RtsFlags.GcFlags.generations > 1) {
109 /* Only for multiple-generations */
111 /* Oldest generation: one step */
112 oldest_gen->n_steps = 1;
114 stgMallocBytes(1 * sizeof(struct _step), "initStorage: last step");
116 /* set up all except the oldest generation with 2 steps */
117 for(g = 0; g < RtsFlags.GcFlags.generations-1; g++) {
118 generations[g].n_steps = RtsFlags.GcFlags.steps;
119 generations[g].steps =
120 stgMallocBytes (RtsFlags.GcFlags.steps * sizeof(struct _step),
121 "initStorage: steps");
125 /* single generation, i.e. a two-space collector */
127 g0->steps = stgMallocBytes (sizeof(struct _step), "initStorage: steps");
130 /* Initialise all steps */
131 for (g = 0; g < RtsFlags.GcFlags.generations; g++) {
132 for (s = 0; s < generations[g].n_steps; s++) {
133 step = &generations[g].steps[s];
137 step->gen = &generations[g];
142 step->scan_bd = NULL;
143 step->large_objects = NULL;
144 step->new_large_objects = NULL;
145 step->scavenged_large_objects = NULL;
149 /* Set up the destination pointers in each younger gen. step */
150 for (g = 0; g < RtsFlags.GcFlags.generations-1; g++) {
151 for (s = 0; s < generations[g].n_steps-1; s++) {
152 generations[g].steps[s].to = &generations[g].steps[s+1];
154 generations[g].steps[s].to = &generations[g+1].steps[0];
157 /* The oldest generation has one step and its destination is the
159 oldest_gen->steps[0].to = &oldest_gen->steps[0];
161 /* generation 0 is special: that's the nursery */
162 generations[0].max_blocks = 0;
164 /* G0S0: the allocation area. Policy: keep the allocation area
165 * small to begin with, even if we have a large suggested heap
166 * size. Reason: we're going to do a major collection first, and we
167 * don't want it to be a big one. This vague idea is borne out by
168 * rigorous experimental evidence.
170 g0s0 = &generations[0].steps[0];
174 weak_ptr_list = NULL;
177 /* initialise the allocate() interface */
178 small_alloc_list = NULL;
179 large_alloc_list = NULL;
181 alloc_blocks_lim = RtsFlags.GcFlags.minAllocAreaSize;
183 /* Tell GNU multi-precision pkg about our custom alloc functions */
184 mp_set_memory_functions(stgAllocForGMP, stgReallocForGMP, stgDeallocForGMP);
187 pthread_mutex_init(&sm_mutex, NULL);
190 IF_DEBUG(gc, stat_describe_gens());
196 stat_exit(calcAllocated());
199 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
201 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
204 newCAF(StgClosure* caf)
206 /* Put this CAF on the mutable list for the old generation.
207 * This is a HACK - the IND_STATIC closure doesn't really have
208 * a mut_link field, but we pretend it has - in fact we re-use
209 * the STATIC_LINK field for the time being, because when we
210 * come to do a major GC we won't need the mut_link field
211 * any more and can use it as a STATIC_LINK.
213 ACQUIRE_LOCK(&sm_mutex);
215 ASSERT( ((StgMutClosure*)caf)->mut_link == NULL );
216 ((StgMutClosure *)caf)->mut_link = oldest_gen->mut_once_list;
217 oldest_gen->mut_once_list = (StgMutClosure *)caf;
220 /* If we're Hugs, we also have to put it in the CAF table, so that
221 the CAF can be reverted. When reverting, CAFs created by compiled
222 code are recorded in the CAF table, which lives outside the
223 heap, in mallocville. CAFs created by interpreted code are
224 chained together via the link fields in StgCAFs, and are not
225 recorded in the CAF table.
227 ASSERT( get_itbl(caf)->type == THUNK_STATIC );
228 addToECafTable ( caf, get_itbl(caf) );
231 RELEASE_LOCK(&sm_mutex);
236 newCAF_made_by_Hugs(StgCAF* caf)
238 ACQUIRE_LOCK(&sm_mutex);
240 ASSERT( get_itbl(caf)->type == CAF_ENTERED );
241 recordOldToNewPtrs((StgMutClosure*)caf);
242 caf->link = ecafList;
243 ecafList = caf->link;
245 RELEASE_LOCK(&sm_mutex);
250 /* These initialisations are critical for correct operation
251 on the first call of addToECafTable.
253 StgCAF* ecafList = END_ECAF_LIST;
254 StgCAFTabEntry* ecafTable = NULL;
255 StgInt usedECafTable = 0;
256 StgInt sizeECafTable = 0;
259 void clearECafTable ( void )
264 void addToECafTable ( StgClosure* closure, StgInfoTable* origItbl )
268 if (usedECafTable == sizeECafTable) {
269 /* Make the initial table size be 8 */
271 if (sizeECafTable == 0) sizeECafTable = 8;
272 et2 = stgMallocBytes (
273 sizeECafTable * sizeof(StgCAFTabEntry),
275 for (i = 0; i < usedECafTable; i++)
276 et2[i] = ecafTable[i];
277 if (ecafTable) free(ecafTable);
280 ecafTable[usedECafTable].closure = closure;
281 ecafTable[usedECafTable].origItbl = origItbl;
286 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
288 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
291 allocNurseries( void )
300 for (cap = free_capabilities; cap != NULL; cap = cap->link) {
301 cap->rNursery = allocNursery(NULL, RtsFlags.GcFlags.minAllocAreaSize);
302 cap->rCurrentNursery = cap->rNursery;
303 for (bd = cap->rNursery; bd != NULL; bd = bd->link) {
304 bd->back = (bdescr *)cap;
307 /* Set the back links to be equal to the Capability,
308 * so we can do slightly better informed locking.
312 nursery_blocks = RtsFlags.GcFlags.minAllocAreaSize;
313 g0s0->blocks = allocNursery(NULL, nursery_blocks);
314 g0s0->n_blocks = nursery_blocks;
315 g0s0->to_space = NULL;
316 MainRegTable.rNursery = g0s0->blocks;
317 MainRegTable.rCurrentNursery = g0s0->blocks;
318 /* hp, hpLim, hp_bd, to_space etc. aren't used in G0S0 */
323 resetNurseries( void )
329 /* All tasks must be stopped */
330 ASSERT(n_free_capabilities == RtsFlags.ParFlags.nNodes);
332 for (cap = free_capabilities; cap != NULL; cap = cap->link) {
333 for (bd = cap->rNursery; bd; bd = bd->link) {
334 bd->free = bd->start;
335 ASSERT(bd->gen == g0);
336 ASSERT(bd->step == g0s0);
337 IF_DEBUG(sanity,memset(bd->start, 0xaa, BLOCK_SIZE));
339 cap->rCurrentNursery = cap->rNursery;
342 for (bd = g0s0->blocks; bd; bd = bd->link) {
343 bd->free = bd->start;
344 ASSERT(bd->gen == g0);
345 ASSERT(bd->step == g0s0);
346 IF_DEBUG(sanity,memset(bd->start, 0xaa, BLOCK_SIZE));
348 MainRegTable.rNursery = g0s0->blocks;
349 MainRegTable.rCurrentNursery = g0s0->blocks;
354 allocNursery (bdescr *last_bd, nat blocks)
359 /* Allocate a nursery */
360 for (i=0; i < blocks; i++) {
366 bd->free = bd->start;
373 resizeNursery ( nat blocks )
378 barf("resizeNursery: can't resize in SMP mode");
381 if (nursery_blocks == blocks) {
382 ASSERT(g0s0->n_blocks == blocks);
386 else if (nursery_blocks < blocks) {
387 IF_DEBUG(gc, fprintf(stderr, "Increasing size of nursery to %d blocks\n",
389 g0s0->blocks = allocNursery(g0s0->blocks, blocks-nursery_blocks);
395 IF_DEBUG(gc, fprintf(stderr, "Decreasing size of nursery to %d blocks\n",
397 for (bd = g0s0->blocks; nursery_blocks > blocks; nursery_blocks--) {
405 g0s0->n_blocks = nursery_blocks = blocks;
408 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
409 The allocate() interface
411 allocate(n) always succeeds, and returns a chunk of memory n words
412 long. n can be larger than the size of a block if necessary, in
413 which case a contiguous block group will be allocated.
414 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
422 ACQUIRE_LOCK(&sm_mutex);
424 TICK_ALLOC_HEAP_NOCTR(n);
427 /* big allocation (>LARGE_OBJECT_THRESHOLD) */
428 /* ToDo: allocate directly into generation 1 */
429 if (n >= LARGE_OBJECT_THRESHOLD/sizeof(W_)) {
430 nat req_blocks = (lnat)BLOCK_ROUND_UP(n*sizeof(W_)) / BLOCK_SIZE;
431 bd = allocGroup(req_blocks);
432 dbl_link_onto(bd, &g0s0->large_objects);
436 bd->free = bd->start;
437 /* don't add these blocks to alloc_blocks, since we're assuming
438 * that large objects are likely to remain live for quite a while
439 * (eg. running threads), so garbage collecting early won't make
442 alloc_blocks += req_blocks;
443 RELEASE_LOCK(&sm_mutex);
446 /* small allocation (<LARGE_OBJECT_THRESHOLD) */
447 } else if (small_alloc_list == NULL || alloc_Hp + n > alloc_HpLim) {
448 if (small_alloc_list) {
449 small_alloc_list->free = alloc_Hp;
452 bd->link = small_alloc_list;
453 small_alloc_list = bd;
457 alloc_Hp = bd->start;
458 alloc_HpLim = bd->start + BLOCK_SIZE_W;
464 RELEASE_LOCK(&sm_mutex);
468 lnat allocated_bytes(void)
470 return (alloc_blocks * BLOCK_SIZE_W - (alloc_HpLim - alloc_Hp));
473 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
474 Allocation functions for GMP.
476 These all use the allocate() interface - we can't have any garbage
477 collection going on during a gmp operation, so we use allocate()
478 which always succeeds. The gmp operations which might need to
479 allocate will ask the storage manager (via doYouWantToGC()) whether
480 a garbage collection is required, in case we get into a loop doing
481 only allocate() style allocation.
482 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
485 stgAllocForGMP (size_t size_in_bytes)
488 nat data_size_in_words, total_size_in_words;
490 /* should be a multiple of sizeof(StgWord) (whole no. of limbs) */
491 ASSERT(size_in_bytes % sizeof(W_) == 0);
493 data_size_in_words = size_in_bytes / sizeof(W_);
494 total_size_in_words = sizeofW(StgArrWords) + data_size_in_words;
496 /* allocate and fill it in. */
497 arr = (StgArrWords *)allocate(total_size_in_words);
498 SET_ARR_HDR(arr, &stg_ARR_WORDS_info, CCCS, data_size_in_words);
500 /* and return a ptr to the goods inside the array */
501 return(BYTE_ARR_CTS(arr));
505 stgReallocForGMP (void *ptr, size_t old_size, size_t new_size)
507 void *new_stuff_ptr = stgAllocForGMP(new_size);
509 char *p = (char *) ptr;
510 char *q = (char *) new_stuff_ptr;
512 for (; i < old_size; i++, p++, q++) {
516 return(new_stuff_ptr);
520 stgDeallocForGMP (void *ptr STG_UNUSED,
521 size_t size STG_UNUSED)
523 /* easy for us: the garbage collector does the dealloc'n */
526 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
528 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
530 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
533 * Approximate how much we've allocated: number of blocks in the
534 * nursery + blocks allocated via allocate() - unused nusery blocks.
535 * This leaves a little slop at the end of each block, and doesn't
536 * take into account large objects (ToDo).
537 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
540 calcAllocated( void )
548 /* All tasks must be stopped. Can't assert that all the
549 capabilities are owned by the scheduler, though: one or more
550 tasks might have been stopped while they were running (non-main)
552 /* ASSERT(n_free_capabilities == RtsFlags.ParFlags.nNodes); */
555 n_free_capabilities * RtsFlags.GcFlags.minAllocAreaSize * BLOCK_SIZE_W
558 for (cap = free_capabilities; cap != NULL; cap = cap->link) {
559 for ( bd = cap->rCurrentNursery->link; bd != NULL; bd = bd->link ) {
560 allocated -= BLOCK_SIZE_W;
562 if (cap->rCurrentNursery->free < cap->rCurrentNursery->start
564 allocated -= (cap->rCurrentNursery->start + BLOCK_SIZE_W)
565 - cap->rCurrentNursery->free;
570 bdescr *current_nursery = MainRegTable.rCurrentNursery;
572 allocated = (nursery_blocks * BLOCK_SIZE_W) + allocated_bytes();
573 for ( bd = current_nursery->link; bd != NULL; bd = bd->link ) {
574 allocated -= BLOCK_SIZE_W;
576 if (current_nursery->free < current_nursery->start + BLOCK_SIZE_W) {
577 allocated -= (current_nursery->start + BLOCK_SIZE_W)
578 - current_nursery->free;
582 total_allocated += allocated;
586 /* Approximate the amount of live data in the heap. To be called just
587 * after garbage collection (see GarbageCollect()).
596 if (RtsFlags.GcFlags.generations == 1) {
597 live = (g0s0->to_blocks - 1) * BLOCK_SIZE_W +
598 ((lnat)g0s0->hp_bd->free - (lnat)g0s0->hp_bd->start) / sizeof(W_);
602 for (g = 0; g < RtsFlags.GcFlags.generations; g++) {
603 for (s = 0; s < generations[g].n_steps; s++) {
604 /* approximate amount of live data (doesn't take into account slop
605 * at end of each block).
607 if (g == 0 && s == 0) {
610 step = &generations[g].steps[s];
611 live += (step->n_blocks - 1) * BLOCK_SIZE_W +
612 ((lnat)step->hp_bd->free - (lnat)step->hp_bd->start) / sizeof(W_);
618 /* Approximate the number of blocks that will be needed at the next
619 * garbage collection.
621 * Assume: all data currently live will remain live. Steps that will
622 * be collected next time will therefore need twice as many blocks
623 * since all the data will be copied.
632 for (g = 0; g < RtsFlags.GcFlags.generations; g++) {
633 for (s = 0; s < generations[g].n_steps; s++) {
634 if (g == 0 && s == 0) { continue; }
635 step = &generations[g].steps[s];
636 if (generations[g].steps[0].n_blocks > generations[g].max_blocks) {
637 needed += 2 * step->n_blocks;
639 needed += step->n_blocks;
646 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
649 memInventory() checks for memory leaks by counting up all the
650 blocks we know about and comparing that to the number of blocks
651 allegedly floating around in the system.
652 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
662 lnat total_blocks = 0, free_blocks = 0;
664 /* count the blocks we current have */
666 for (g = 0; g < RtsFlags.GcFlags.generations; g++) {
667 for (s = 0; s < generations[g].n_steps; s++) {
668 step = &generations[g].steps[s];
669 total_blocks += step->n_blocks;
670 if (RtsFlags.GcFlags.generations == 1) {
671 /* two-space collector has a to-space too :-) */
672 total_blocks += g0s0->to_blocks;
674 for (bd = step->large_objects; bd; bd = bd->link) {
675 total_blocks += bd->blocks;
676 /* hack for megablock groups: they have an extra block or two in
677 the second and subsequent megablocks where the block
678 descriptors would normally go.
680 if (bd->blocks > BLOCKS_PER_MBLOCK) {
681 total_blocks -= (MBLOCK_SIZE / BLOCK_SIZE - BLOCKS_PER_MBLOCK)
682 * (bd->blocks/(MBLOCK_SIZE/BLOCK_SIZE));
688 /* any blocks held by allocate() */
689 for (bd = small_alloc_list; bd; bd = bd->link) {
690 total_blocks += bd->blocks;
692 for (bd = large_alloc_list; bd; bd = bd->link) {
693 total_blocks += bd->blocks;
696 /* count the blocks on the free list */
697 free_blocks = countFreeList();
699 ASSERT(total_blocks + free_blocks == mblocks_allocated * BLOCKS_PER_MBLOCK);
702 if (total_blocks + free_blocks != mblocks_allocated *
704 fprintf(stderr, "Blocks: %ld live + %ld free = %ld total (%ld around)\n",
705 total_blocks, free_blocks, total_blocks + free_blocks,
706 mblocks_allocated * BLOCKS_PER_MBLOCK);
711 /* Full heap sanity check. */
718 if (RtsFlags.GcFlags.generations == 1) {
719 checkHeap(g0s0->to_space, NULL);
720 checkChain(g0s0->large_objects);
723 for (g = 0; g <= N; g++) {
724 for (s = 0; s < generations[g].n_steps; s++) {
725 if (g == 0 && s == 0) { continue; }
726 checkHeap(generations[g].steps[s].blocks, NULL);
729 for (g = N+1; g < RtsFlags.GcFlags.generations; g++) {
730 for (s = 0; s < generations[g].n_steps; s++) {
731 checkHeap(generations[g].steps[s].blocks,
732 generations[g].steps[s].blocks->start);
733 checkChain(generations[g].steps[s].large_objects);
736 checkFreeListSanity();