1 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 * (c) The GHC Team, 1998-2009
5 * Stuff for implementing proper tail jumps.
7 * Do not #include this file directly: #include "Rts.h" instead.
9 * To understand the structure of the RTS headers, see the wiki:
10 * http://hackage.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/Commentary/SourceTree/Includes
12 * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
17 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
18 Unmangled tail-jumping: use the mini interpretter.
19 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
21 #ifdef USE_MINIINTERPRETER
23 #define JMP_(cont) return((StgFunPtr)(cont))
29 extern void __DISCARD__(void);
31 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
33 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
37 /* Note about discard: possibly there to fool GCC into clearing up
38 before we do the jump eg. if there are some arguments left on the C
39 stack that GCC hasn't popped yet. Also possibly to fool any
40 optimisations (a function call often acts as a barrier). Not sure
41 if any of this is necessary now -- SDM
43 Comment to above note: I don't think the __DISCARD__() in JMP_ is
44 necessary. Arguments should be popped from the C stack immediately
45 after returning from a function, as long as we pass -fno-defer-pop
46 to gcc. Moreover, a goto to a first-class label acts as a barrier
47 for optimisations in the same way a function call does.
51 /* The goto here seems to cause gcc -O2 to delete all the code after
52 it - including the FE_ marker and the epilogue code - exactly what
60 __target = (void *)(cont); \
64 #endif /* i386_HOST_ARCH */
66 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
67 Tail calling on x86_64
68 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
73 NOTE about __DISCARD__():
75 On x86_64 this is necessary to work around bugs in the register
76 variable support in gcc. Without the __DISCARD__() call, gcc will
77 silently throw away assignements to global register variables that
78 happen before the jump.
89 without the dummy function call, gcc throws away the assignment to R1
90 (gcc 3.4.3) gcc bug #20359.
96 goto *(void *)(cont); \
99 #endif /* x86_64_HOST_ARCH */
101 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
102 Tail calling on Sparc
103 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
105 #ifdef sparc_HOST_ARCH
107 #define JMP_(cont) ((F_) (cont))()
108 /* Oh so happily, the above turns into a "call" instruction,
109 which, on a SPARC, is nothing but a "jmpl" with the
110 return address in %o7 [which we don't care about].
113 /* Don't need these for sparc mangling */
117 #endif /* sparc_HOST_ARCH */
119 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
120 Tail calling on Alpha
121 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
123 #ifdef alpha_HOST_ARCH
126 register void *_procedure __asm__("$27");
130 do { _procedure = (void *)(cont); \
135 /* Don't need these for alpha mangling */
139 #endif /* alpha_HOST_ARCH */
141 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
144 Description of HP's weird procedure linkage, many thanks to Andy Bennet
145 <andy_bennett@hp.com>:
147 I've been digging a little further into the problem of how HP-UX does
148 dynamic procedure calls. My solution in the last e-mail inserting an extra
149 'if' statement into the JMP_ I think is probably the best general solution I
150 can come up with. There are still a few problems with it however: It wont
151 work, if JMP_ ever has to call anything in a shared library, if this is
152 likely to be required it'll need something more elaborate. It also wont work
153 with PA-RISC 2.0 wide mode (64-bit) which uses a different format PLT.
155 I had some feedback from someone in HP's compiler lab and the problem
156 relates to the linker on HP-UX, not gcc as I first suspected. The reason the
157 'hsc' executable works is most likely due to a change in 'ld's behaviour for
158 performance reasons between your revision and mine.
160 The major issue relating to this is shared libraries and how they are
161 implented under HP-UX. The whole point of the Procedure Label Table (PLT) is
162 to allow a function pointer to hold the address of the function and a
163 pointer to the library's global data lookup table (DLT) used by position
164 independent code (PIC). This makes the PLT absolutely essential for shared
165 library calls. HP has two linker introduced assembly functions for dealing
166 with dynamic calls, $$dyncall and $$dyncall_external. The former does a
167 check to see if the address is a PLT pointer and dereferences if necessary
168 or just calls the address otherwise; the latter skips the check and just
169 does the indirect jump no matter what.
171 Since $$dyncall_external runs faster due to its not having the test, the
172 linker nowadays prefers to generate calls to that, rather than $$dyncall. It
173 makes this decision based on the presence of any shared library. If it even
174 smells an sl's existence at link time, it rigs the runtime system to
175 generate PLT references for everything on the assumption that the result
176 will be slightly more efficient. This is what is crashing GHC since the
177 calls it is generating have no understanding of the procedure label proper.
178 The only way to get real addresses is to link everything archive, including
179 system libraries, at which point it assumes you probably are going to be
180 using calls similar to GHC's (its rigged for HP's +ESfic compiler option)
181 but uses $$dyncall if necessary to cope, just in case you aren't.
183 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
185 #ifdef hppa1_1_hp_hpux_TARGET
188 do { void *_procedure = (void *)(cont); \
189 if (((int) _procedure) & 2) \
190 _procedure = (void *)(*((int *) (_procedure - 2))); \
194 #endif /* hppa1_1_hp_hpux_TARGET */
196 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
197 Tail calling on PowerPC
198 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
200 #ifdef powerpc_HOST_ARCH
205 target = (void *)(cont); \
211 The __DISCARD__ is there because Apple's April 2002 Beta of GCC 3.1
212 sometimes generates incorrect code otherwise.
213 It tends to "forget" to update global register variables in the presence
214 of decrement/increment operators:
215 JMP_(*(--Sp)) is wrongly compiled as JMP_(Sp[-1]).
216 Calling __DISCARD__ in between works around this problem.
220 I would _love_ to use the following instead,
221 but some versions of Apple's GCC fail to generate code for it
222 if it is called for a casted data pointer - which is exactly what
223 we are going to do...
225 #define JMP_(cont) ((F_) (cont))()
228 #endif /* powerpc_HOST_ARCH */
230 #ifdef powerpc64_HOST_ARCH
231 #define JMP_(cont) ((F_) (cont))()
234 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
236 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
238 #ifdef ia64_HOST_ARCH
240 /* The compiler can more intelligently decide how to do this. We therefore
241 * implement it as a call and optimise to a jump at mangle time.
243 * Sometimes GCC likes to move instructions between the function call and
244 * the "--- TAILCALL ---". To stop it from finding instructions to put
245 * there, we insert a jump to the end of the function after the TAILCALL. */
248 __asm__ volatile ("--- TAILCALL ---"); \
251 #define FE_ _function_end: __asm__ volatile ("--- END ---");
253 /* Don't emit calls to __DISCARD__ as this causes hassles */
254 #define __DISCARD__()
258 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
260 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
262 #ifdef mips_HOST_ARCH
265 register void *_procedure __asm__("$25");
270 _procedure = (void *)(cont); \
275 /* Don't need these for MIPS mangling */
279 #endif /* mips_HOST_ARCH */
281 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
284 These are markers indicating the start and end of Real Code in a
285 function. All instructions between the actual start and end of the
286 function and these markers is shredded by the mangler.
287 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
289 /* The following __DISCARD__() has become necessary with gcc 2.96 on x86.
290 * It prevents gcc from moving stack manipulation code from the function
291 * body (aka the Real Code) into the function prologue, ie, from moving it
292 * over the --- BEGIN --- marker. It should be noted that (like some
293 * other black magic in GHC's code), there is no essential reason why gcc
294 * could not move some stack manipulation code across the __DISCARD__() -
295 * it just doesn't choose to do it at the moment.
300 #define FB_ __asm__ volatile ("--- BEGIN ---"); __DISCARD__ ();
304 #define FE_ __asm__ volatile ("--- END ---");
307 #endif /* !USE_MINIINTERPRETER */
309 #endif /* TAILCALLS_H */