1 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 * (c) The GHC Team, 1998-2002
5 * Stable names and stable pointers.
7 * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
9 // Make static versions of inline functions in Stable.h:
12 #include "PosixSource.h"
16 #include "OSThreads.h"
20 #include "OSThreads.h"
24 /* Comment from ADR's implementation in old RTS:
26 This files (together with @ghc/runtime/storage/PerformIO.lhc@ and a
27 small change in @HpOverflow.lc@) consists of the changes in the
28 runtime system required to implement "Stable Pointers". But we're
29 getting a bit ahead of ourselves --- what is a stable pointer and what
32 When Haskell calls C, it normally just passes over primitive integers,
33 floats, bools, strings, etc. This doesn't cause any problems at all
34 for garbage collection because the act of passing them makes a copy
35 from the heap, stack or wherever they are onto the C-world stack.
36 However, if we were to pass a heap object such as a (Haskell) @String@
37 and a garbage collection occured before we finished using it, we'd run
38 into problems since the heap object might have been moved or even
41 So, if a C call is able to cause a garbage collection or we want to
42 store a pointer to a heap object between C calls, we must be careful
43 when passing heap objects. Our solution is to keep a table of all
44 objects we've given to the C-world and to make sure that the garbage
45 collector collects these objects --- updating the table as required to
46 make sure we can still find the object.
49 Of course, all this rather begs the question: why would we want to
52 One very good reason is to preserve laziness across the language
53 interface. Rather than evaluating an integer or a string because it
54 {\em might\/} be required by the C function, we can wait until the C
55 function actually wants the value and then force an evaluation.
57 Another very good reason (the motivating reason!) is that the C code
58 might want to execute an object of sort $IO ()$ for the side-effects
59 it will produce. For example, this is used when interfacing to an X
60 widgets library to allow a direct implementation of callbacks.
63 The @makeStablePointer :: a -> IO (StablePtr a)@ function
64 converts a value into a stable pointer. It is part of the @PrimIO@
65 monad, because we want to be sure we don't allocate one twice by
66 accident, and then only free one of the copies.
69 makeStablePtr# :: a -> State# RealWorld -> (# RealWorld, a #)
70 freeStablePtr# :: StablePtr# a -> State# RealWorld -> State# RealWorld
71 deRefStablePtr# :: StablePtr# a -> State# RealWorld ->
72 (# State# RealWorld, a #)
75 There may be additional functions on the C side to allow evaluation,
76 application, etc of a stable pointer.
80 snEntry *stable_ptr_table = NULL;
81 static snEntry *stable_ptr_free = NULL;
83 static unsigned int SPT_size = 0;
86 static Mutex stable_mutex;
89 /* This hash table maps Haskell objects to stable names, so that every
90 * call to lookupStableName on a given object will return the same
93 * OLD COMMENTS about reference counting follow. The reference count
94 * in a stable name entry is now just a counter.
98 * A plain stable name entry has a zero reference count, which means
99 * the entry will dissappear when the object it points to is
100 * unreachable. For stable pointers, we need an entry that sticks
101 * around and keeps the object it points to alive, so each stable name
102 * entry has an associated reference count.
104 * A stable pointer has a weighted reference count N attached to it
105 * (actually in its upper 5 bits), which represents the weight
106 * 2^(N-1). The stable name entry keeps a 32-bit reference count, which
107 * represents any weight between 1 and 2^32 (represented as zero).
108 * When the weight is 2^32, the stable name table owns "all" of the
109 * stable pointers to this object, and the entry can be garbage
110 * collected if the object isn't reachable.
112 * A new stable pointer is given the weight log2(W/2), where W is the
113 * weight stored in the table entry. The new weight in the table is W
116 * A stable pointer can be "split" into two stable pointers, by
117 * dividing the weight by 2 and giving each pointer half.
118 * When freeing a stable pointer, the weight of the pointer is added
119 * to the weight stored in the table entry.
122 static HashTable *addrToStableHash = NULL;
124 #define INIT_SPT_SIZE 64
127 initFreeList(snEntry *table, nat n, snEntry *free)
131 for (p = table + n - 1; p >= table; p--) {
138 stable_ptr_free = table;
142 initStablePtrTable(void)
147 SPT_size = INIT_SPT_SIZE;
148 stable_ptr_table = stgMallocBytes(SPT_size * sizeof(snEntry),
149 "initStablePtrTable");
151 /* we don't use index 0 in the stable name table, because that
152 * would conflict with the hash table lookup operations which
153 * return NULL if an entry isn't found in the hash table.
155 initFreeList(stable_ptr_table+1,INIT_SPT_SIZE-1,NULL);
156 addrToStableHash = allocHashTable();
159 initMutex(&stable_mutex);
164 exitStablePtrTable(void)
166 if (addrToStableHash)
167 freeHashTable(addrToStableHash, NULL);
168 addrToStableHash = NULL;
169 if (stable_ptr_table)
170 stgFree(stable_ptr_table);
171 stable_ptr_table = NULL;
174 closeMutex(&stable_mutex);
179 * get at the real stuff...remove indirections.
180 * It untags pointers before dereferencing and
181 * retags the real stuff with its tag (if there
182 * is any) when returning.
184 * ToDo: move to a better home.
188 removeIndirections(StgClosure* p)
190 StgWord tag = GET_CLOSURE_TAG(p);
191 StgClosure* q = UNTAG_CLOSURE(p);
193 while (get_itbl(q)->type == IND ||
194 get_itbl(q)->type == IND_STATIC ||
195 get_itbl(q)->type == IND_OLDGEN ||
196 get_itbl(q)->type == IND_PERM ||
197 get_itbl(q)->type == IND_OLDGEN_PERM ) {
198 q = ((StgInd *)q)->indirectee;
199 tag = GET_CLOSURE_TAG(q);
200 q = UNTAG_CLOSURE(q);
203 return TAG_CLOSURE(tag,q);
207 lookupStableName_(StgPtr p)
212 if (stable_ptr_free == NULL) {
213 enlargeStablePtrTable();
216 /* removing indirections increases the likelihood
217 * of finding a match in the stable name hash table.
219 p = (StgPtr)removeIndirections((StgClosure*)p);
221 sn_tmp = lookupHashTable(addrToStableHash,(W_)p);
222 sn = (StgWord)sn_tmp;
225 ASSERT(stable_ptr_table[sn].addr == p);
226 debugTrace(DEBUG_stable, "cached stable name %ld at %p",sn,p);
229 sn = stable_ptr_free - stable_ptr_table;
230 stable_ptr_free = (snEntry*)(stable_ptr_free->addr);
231 stable_ptr_table[sn].ref = 0;
232 stable_ptr_table[sn].addr = p;
233 stable_ptr_table[sn].sn_obj = NULL;
234 /* debugTrace(DEBUG_stable, "new stable name %d at %p\n",sn,p); */
236 /* add the new stable name to the hash table */
237 insertHashTable(addrToStableHash, (W_)p, (void *)sn);
244 lookupStableName(StgPtr p)
248 initStablePtrTable();
249 ACQUIRE_LOCK(&stable_mutex);
250 res = lookupStableName_(p);
251 RELEASE_LOCK(&stable_mutex);
256 freeStableName(snEntry *sn)
258 ASSERT(sn->sn_obj == NULL);
259 if (sn->addr != NULL) {
260 removeHashTable(addrToStableHash, (W_)sn->addr, NULL);
262 sn->addr = (P_)stable_ptr_free;
263 stable_ptr_free = sn;
267 getStablePtr(StgPtr p)
271 initStablePtrTable();
272 ACQUIRE_LOCK(&stable_mutex);
273 sn = lookupStableName_(p);
274 stable_ptr_table[sn].ref++;
275 RELEASE_LOCK(&stable_mutex);
276 return (StgStablePtr)(sn);
280 freeStablePtr(StgStablePtr sp)
284 initStablePtrTable();
285 ACQUIRE_LOCK(&stable_mutex);
287 sn = &stable_ptr_table[(StgWord)sp];
289 ASSERT((StgWord)sp < SPT_size && sn->addr != NULL && sn->ref > 0);
293 // If this entry has no StableName attached, then just free it
294 // immediately. This is important; it might be a while before the
295 // next major GC which actually collects the entry.
296 if (sn->sn_obj == NULL && sn->ref == 0) {
300 RELEASE_LOCK(&stable_mutex);
304 enlargeStablePtrTable(void)
306 nat old_SPT_size = SPT_size;
308 // 2nd and subsequent times
311 stgReallocBytes(stable_ptr_table,
312 SPT_size * sizeof(snEntry),
313 "enlargeStablePtrTable");
315 initFreeList(stable_ptr_table + old_SPT_size, old_SPT_size, NULL);
318 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
319 * Treat stable pointers as roots for the garbage collector.
321 * A stable pointer is any stable name entry with a ref > 0. We'll
322 * take the opportunity to zero the "keep" flags at the same time.
323 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
326 markStablePtrTable(evac_fn evac)
328 snEntry *p, *end_stable_ptr_table;
331 end_stable_ptr_table = &stable_ptr_table[SPT_size];
333 // Mark all the stable *pointers* (not stable names).
334 // _starting_ at index 1; index 0 is unused.
335 for (p = stable_ptr_table+1; p < end_stable_ptr_table; p++) {
338 // Internal pointers are free slots. If q == NULL, it's a
339 // stable name where the object has been GC'd, but the
340 // StableName object (sn_obj) is still alive.
341 if (q && (q < (P_)stable_ptr_table || q >= (P_)end_stable_ptr_table)) {
343 // save the current addr away: we need to be able to tell
344 // whether the objects moved in order to be able to update
345 // the hash table later.
348 // if the ref is non-zero, treat addr as a root
350 evac((StgClosure **)&p->addr);
356 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
357 * Thread the stable pointer table for compacting GC.
359 * Here we must call the supplied evac function for each pointer into
360 * the heap from the stable pointer table, because the compacting
361 * collector may move the object it points to.
362 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
365 threadStablePtrTable( evac_fn evac )
367 snEntry *p, *end_stable_ptr_table;
370 end_stable_ptr_table = &stable_ptr_table[SPT_size];
372 for (p = stable_ptr_table+1; p < end_stable_ptr_table; p++) {
374 if (p->sn_obj != NULL) {
375 evac((StgClosure **)&p->sn_obj);
379 if (q && (q < (P_)stable_ptr_table || q >= (P_)end_stable_ptr_table)) {
380 evac((StgClosure **)&p->addr);
385 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
386 * Garbage collect any dead entries in the stable pointer table.
390 * - a zero reference count
393 * Both of these conditions must be true in order to re-use the stable
394 * name table entry. We can re-use stable name table entries for live
395 * heap objects, as long as the program has no StableName objects that
396 * refer to the entry.
397 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
400 gcStablePtrTable( void )
402 snEntry *p, *end_stable_ptr_table;
405 end_stable_ptr_table = &stable_ptr_table[SPT_size];
407 // NOTE: _starting_ at index 1; index 0 is unused.
408 for (p = stable_ptr_table + 1; p < end_stable_ptr_table; p++) {
410 // Update the pointer to the StableName object, if there is one
411 if (p->sn_obj != NULL) {
412 p->sn_obj = isAlive(p->sn_obj);
415 // Internal pointers are free slots. If q == NULL, it's a
416 // stable name where the object has been GC'd, but the
417 // StableName object (sn_obj) is still alive.
419 if (q && (q < (P_)stable_ptr_table || q >= (P_)end_stable_ptr_table)) {
423 if (p->sn_obj == NULL) {
424 // StableName object is dead
426 debugTrace(DEBUG_stable, "GC'd Stable name %ld",
427 (long)(p - stable_ptr_table));
431 p->addr = (StgPtr)isAlive((StgClosure *)p->addr);
432 debugTrace(DEBUG_stable,
433 "stable name %ld still alive at %p, ref %ld\n",
434 (long)(p - stable_ptr_table), p->addr, p->ref);
441 /* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
442 * Update the StablePtr/StableName hash table
444 * The boolean argument 'full' indicates that a major collection is
445 * being done, so we might as well throw away the hash table and build
446 * a new one. For a minor collection, we just re-hash the elements
448 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
451 updateStablePtrTable(rtsBool full)
453 snEntry *p, *end_stable_ptr_table;
455 if (full && addrToStableHash != NULL) {
456 freeHashTable(addrToStableHash,NULL);
457 addrToStableHash = allocHashTable();
460 end_stable_ptr_table = &stable_ptr_table[SPT_size];
462 // NOTE: _starting_ at index 1; index 0 is unused.
463 for (p = stable_ptr_table + 1; p < end_stable_ptr_table; p++) {
465 if (p->addr == NULL) {
466 if (p->old != NULL) {
467 // The target has been garbage collected. Remove its
468 // entry from the hash table.
469 removeHashTable(addrToStableHash, (W_)p->old, NULL);
473 else if (p->addr < (P_)stable_ptr_table
474 || p->addr >= (P_)end_stable_ptr_table) {
475 // Target still alive, Re-hash this stable name
477 insertHashTable(addrToStableHash, (W_)p->addr,
478 (void *)(p - stable_ptr_table));
479 } else if (p->addr != p->old) {
480 removeHashTable(addrToStableHash, (W_)p->old, NULL);
481 insertHashTable(addrToStableHash, (W_)p->addr,
482 (void *)(p - stable_ptr_table));