1 // Copyright 2003 Brian Alliet
2 // Based on org.xwt.imp.MIPS by Adam Megacz
3 // Portions Copyright 2003 Adam Megacz
5 package org.ibex.nestedvm;
7 import org.ibex.nestedvm.util.*;
10 public abstract class Runtime implements UsermodeConstants,Registers,Cloneable {
11 public static final String VERSION = "1.0";
13 /** True to write useful diagnostic information to stderr when things go wrong */
14 final static boolean STDERR_DIAG = true;
16 /** Number of bits to shift to get the page number (1<<<pageShift == pageSize) */
17 protected final int pageShift;
18 /** Bottom of region of memory allocated to the stack */
19 private final int stackBottom;
21 /** Readable main memory pages */
22 protected int[][] readPages;
23 /** Writable main memory pages.
24 If the page is writable writePages[x] == readPages[x]; if not writePages[x] == null. */
25 protected int[][] writePages;
27 /** The address of the end of the heap */
30 /** Number of guard pages to keep between the stack and the heap */
31 private static final int STACK_GUARD_PAGES = 4;
33 /** The last address the executable uses (other than the heap/stack) */
34 protected abstract int heapStart();
36 /** The program's entry point */
37 protected abstract int entryPoint();
39 /** The location of the _user_info block (or 0 is there is none) */
40 protected int userInfoBase() { return 0; }
41 protected int userInfoSize() { return 0; }
43 /** The location of the global pointer */
44 protected abstract int gp();
46 /** When the process started */
47 private long startTime;
49 /** Program is executing instructions */
50 public final static int RUNNING = 0; // Horrible things will happen if this isn't 0
51 /** Text/Data loaded in memory */
52 public final static int STOPPED = 1;
53 /** Prgram has been started but is paused */
54 public final static int PAUSED = 2;
55 /** Program is executing a callJava() method */
56 public final static int CALLJAVA = 3;
57 /** Program has exited (it cannot currently be restarted) */
58 public final static int EXITED = 4;
59 /** Program has executed a successful exec(), a new Runtime needs to be run (used by UnixRuntime) */
60 public final static int EXECED = 5;
62 /** The current state */
63 protected int state = STOPPED;
64 /** @see Runtime#state state */
65 public final int getState() { return state; }
67 /** The exit status if the process (only valid if state==DONE)
69 private int exitStatus;
70 public ExecutionException exitException;
72 /** Table containing all open file descriptors. (Entries are null if the fd is not in use */
73 FD[] fds; // package-private for UnixRuntime
74 boolean closeOnExec[];
76 /** Pointer to a SecurityManager for this process */
78 public void setSecurityManager(SecurityManager sm) { this.sm = sm; }
80 /** Pointer to a callback for the call_java syscall */
81 private CallJavaCB callJavaCB;
82 public void setCallJavaCB(CallJavaCB callJavaCB) { this.callJavaCB = callJavaCB; }
84 /** Temporary buffer for read/write operations */
85 private byte[] _byteBuf;
86 /** Max size of temporary buffer
87 @see Runtime#_byteBuf */
88 final static int MAX_CHUNK = 16*1024*1024 - 1024;
90 /** Subclasses should actually execute program in this method. They should continue
91 executing until state != RUNNING. Only syscall() can modify state. It is safe
92 to only check the state attribute after a call to syscall() */
93 protected abstract void _execute() throws ExecutionException;
95 /** Subclasses should return the address of the symbol <i>symbol</i> or -1 it it doesn't exits in this method
96 This method is only required if the call() function is used */
97 protected int lookupSymbol(String symbol) { return -1; }
99 /** Subclasses should populate a CPUState object representing the cpu state */
100 protected abstract void getCPUState(CPUState state);
102 /** Subclasses should set the CPUState to the state held in <i>state</i> */
103 protected abstract void setCPUState(CPUState state);
105 /** True to enabled a few hacks to better support the win32 console */
106 final static boolean win32Hacks;
109 String os = Platform.getProperty("os.name");
110 String prop = Platform.getProperty("nestedvm.win32hacks");
111 if(prop != null) { win32Hacks = Boolean.valueOf(prop).booleanValue(); }
112 else { win32Hacks = os != null && os.toLowerCase().indexOf("windows") != -1; }
115 protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
116 Runtime r = (Runtime) super.clone();
119 r.fds = new FD[OPEN_MAX];
120 for(int i=0;i<OPEN_MAX;i++) if(fds[i] != null) r.fds[i] = fds[i].dup();
121 int totalPages = writePages.length;
122 r.readPages = new int[totalPages][];
123 r.writePages = new int[totalPages][];
124 for(int i=0;i<totalPages;i++) {
125 if(readPages[i] == null) continue;
126 if(writePages[i] == null) r.readPages[i] = readPages[i];
127 else r.readPages[i] = r.writePages[i] = (int[])writePages[i].clone();
132 protected Runtime(int pageSize, int totalPages) { this(pageSize, totalPages,false); }
133 protected Runtime(int pageSize, int totalPages, boolean exec) {
134 if(pageSize <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("pageSize <= 0");
135 if(totalPages <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("totalPages <= 0");
136 if((pageSize&(pageSize-1)) != 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("pageSize not a power of two");
139 while(pageSize>>>_pageShift != 1) _pageShift++;
140 pageShift = _pageShift;
142 int heapStart = heapStart();
143 int totalMemory = totalPages * pageSize;
144 int stackSize = max(totalMemory/512,ARG_MAX+65536);
147 stackSize = max(stackSize,pageSize);
148 stackSize = (stackSize + pageSize - 1) & ~(pageSize-1);
149 stackPages = stackSize >>> pageShift;
150 heapStart = (heapStart + pageSize - 1) & ~(pageSize-1);
151 if(stackPages + STACK_GUARD_PAGES + (heapStart >>> pageShift) >= totalPages)
152 throw new IllegalArgumentException("total pages too small");
154 if(pageSize < heapStart + stackSize) throw new IllegalArgumentException("total memory too small");
155 heapStart = (heapStart + 4095) & ~4096;
158 stackBottom = totalMemory - stackSize;
161 readPages = new int[totalPages][];
162 writePages = new int[totalPages][];
164 if(totalPages == 1) {
165 readPages[0] = writePages[0] = new int[pageSize>>2];
167 for(int i=(stackBottom >>> pageShift);i<writePages.length;i++) {
168 readPages[i] = writePages[i] = new int[pageSize>>2];
173 fds = new FD[OPEN_MAX];
174 closeOnExec = new boolean[OPEN_MAX];
176 InputStream stdin = win32Hacks ? new Win32ConsoleIS(System.in) : System.in;
177 addFD(new TerminalFD(stdin));
178 addFD(new TerminalFD(System.out));
179 addFD(new TerminalFD(System.err));
183 /** Copy everything from <i>src</i> to <i>addr</i> initializing uninitialized pages if required.
184 Newly initalized pages will be marked read-only if <i>ro</i> is set */
185 protected final void initPages(int[] src, int addr, boolean ro) {
186 int pageWords = (1<<pageShift)>>>2;
187 int pageMask = (1<<pageShift) - 1;
189 for(int i=0;i<src.length;) {
190 int page = addr >>> pageShift;
191 int start = (addr&pageMask)>>2;
192 int elements = min(pageWords-start,src.length-i);
193 if(readPages[page]==null) {
196 if(writePages[page] == null) writePages[page] = readPages[page];
198 System.arraycopy(src,i,readPages[page],start,elements);
204 /** Initialize <i>words</i> of pages starting at <i>addr</i> to 0 */
205 protected final void clearPages(int addr, int words) {
206 int pageWords = (1<<pageShift)>>>2;
207 int pageMask = (1<<pageShift) - 1;
209 for(int i=0;i<words;) {
210 int page = addr >>> pageShift;
211 int start = (addr&pageMask)>>2;
212 int elements = min(pageWords-start,words-i);
213 if(readPages[page]==null) {
214 readPages[page] = writePages[page] = new int[pageWords];
216 if(writePages[page] == null) writePages[page] = readPages[page];
217 for(int j=start;j<start+elements;j++) writePages[page][j] = 0;
224 /** Copies <i>length</i> bytes from the processes memory space starting at
225 <i>addr</i> INTO a java byte array <i>a</i> */
226 public final void copyin(int addr, byte[] buf, int count) throws ReadFaultException {
227 int pageWords = (1<<pageShift)>>>2;
228 int pageMask = pageWords - 1;
231 if(count == 0) return;
233 int word = memRead(addr&~3);
235 case 1: buf[x++] = (byte)((word>>>16)&0xff); if(--count==0) break;
236 case 2: buf[x++] = (byte)((word>>> 8)&0xff); if(--count==0) break;
237 case 3: buf[x++] = (byte)((word>>> 0)&0xff); if(--count==0) break;
241 if((count&~3) != 0) {
245 int[] page = readPages[a >>> (pageShift-2)];
246 if(page == null) throw new ReadFaultException(a<<2);
247 int index = a&pageMask;
248 int n = min(c,pageWords-index);
249 for(int i=0;i<n;i++,x+=4) {
250 int word = page[index+i];
251 buf[x+0] = (byte)((word>>>24)&0xff); buf[x+1] = (byte)((word>>>16)&0xff);
252 buf[x+2] = (byte)((word>>> 8)&0xff); buf[x+3] = (byte)((word>>> 0)&0xff);
256 addr = a<<2; count &=3;
259 int word = memRead(addr);
261 case 3: buf[x+2] = (byte)((word>>>8)&0xff);
262 case 2: buf[x+1] = (byte)((word>>>16)&0xff);
263 case 1: buf[x+0] = (byte)((word>>>24)&0xff);
268 /** Copies <i>length</i> bytes OUT OF the java array <i>a</i> into the processes memory
269 space at <i>addr</i> */
270 public final void copyout(byte[] buf, int addr, int count) throws FaultException {
271 int pageWords = (1<<pageShift)>>>2;
272 int pageWordMask = pageWords - 1;
275 if(count == 0) return;
277 int word = memRead(addr&~3);
279 case 1: word = (word&0xff00ffff)|((buf[x++]&0xff)<<16); if(--count==0) break;
280 case 2: word = (word&0xffff00ff)|((buf[x++]&0xff)<< 8); if(--count==0) break;
281 case 3: word = (word&0xffffff00)|((buf[x++]&0xff)<< 0); if(--count==0) break;
283 memWrite(addr&~3,word);
287 if((count&~3) != 0) {
291 int[] page = writePages[a >>> (pageShift-2)];
292 if(page == null) throw new WriteFaultException(a<<2);
293 int index = a&pageWordMask;
294 int n = min(c,pageWords-index);
295 for(int i=0;i<n;i++,x+=4)
296 page[index+i] = ((buf[x+0]&0xff)<<24)|((buf[x+1]&0xff)<<16)|((buf[x+2]&0xff)<<8)|((buf[x+3]&0xff)<<0);
299 addr = a<<2; count&=3;
303 int word = memRead(addr);
305 case 1: word = (word&0x00ffffff)|((buf[x+0]&0xff)<<24); break;
306 case 2: word = (word&0x0000ffff)|((buf[x+0]&0xff)<<24)|((buf[x+1]&0xff)<<16); break;
307 case 3: word = (word&0x000000ff)|((buf[x+0]&0xff)<<24)|((buf[x+1]&0xff)<<16)|((buf[x+2]&0xff)<<8); break;
313 public final void memcpy(int dst, int src, int count) throws FaultException {
314 int pageWords = (1<<pageShift)>>>2;
315 int pageWordMask = pageWords - 1;
316 if((dst&3) == 0 && (src&3)==0) {
317 if((count&~3) != 0) {
322 int[] srcPage = readPages[s>>>(pageShift-2)];
323 if(srcPage == null) throw new ReadFaultException(s<<2);
324 int[] dstPage = writePages[d>>>(pageShift-2)];
325 if(dstPage == null) throw new WriteFaultException(d<<2);
326 int srcIndex = s&pageWordMask;
327 int dstIndex = d&pageWordMask;
328 int n = min(c,pageWords-max(srcIndex,dstIndex));
329 System.arraycopy(srcPage,srcIndex,dstPage,dstIndex,n);
330 s += n; d += n; c -= n;
332 src = s<<2; dst = d<<2; count&=3;
335 int word1 = memRead(src);
336 int word2 = memRead(dst);
338 case 1: memWrite(dst,(word1&0xff000000)|(word2&0x00ffffff)); break;
339 case 2: memWrite(dst,(word1&0xffff0000)|(word2&0x0000ffff)); break;
340 case 3: memWrite(dst,(word1&0xffffff00)|(word2&0x000000ff)); break;
345 int n = min(count,MAX_CHUNK);
346 byte[] buf = byteBuf(n);
349 count -= n; src += n; dst += n;
354 public final void memset(int addr, int ch, int count) throws FaultException {
355 int pageWords = (1<<pageShift)>>>2;
356 int pageWordMask = pageWords - 1;
358 int fourBytes = ((ch&0xff)<<24)|((ch&0xff)<<16)|((ch&0xff)<<8)|((ch&0xff)<<0);
360 int word = memRead(addr&~3);
362 case 1: word = (word&0xff00ffff)|((ch&0xff)<<16); if(--count==0) break;
363 case 2: word = (word&0xffff00ff)|((ch&0xff)<< 8); if(--count==0) break;
364 case 3: word = (word&0xffffff00)|((ch&0xff)<< 0); if(--count==0) break;
366 memWrite(addr&~3,word);
369 if((count&~3) != 0) {
373 int[] page = readPages[a>>>(pageShift-2)];
374 if(page == null) throw new WriteFaultException(a<<2);
375 int index = a&pageWordMask;
376 int n = min(c,pageWords-index);
377 /* Arrays.fill(page,index,index+n,fourBytes);*/
378 for(int i=index;i<index+n;i++) page[i] = fourBytes;
381 addr = a<<2; count&=3;
384 int word = memRead(addr);
386 case 1: word = (word&0x00ffffff)|(fourBytes&0xff000000); break;
387 case 2: word = (word&0x0000ffff)|(fourBytes&0xffff0000); break;
388 case 3: word = (word&0x000000ff)|(fourBytes&0xffffff00); break;
394 /** Read a word from the processes memory at <i>addr</i> */
395 public final int memRead(int addr) throws ReadFaultException {
396 if((addr & 3) != 0) throw new ReadFaultException(addr);
397 return unsafeMemRead(addr);
400 protected final int unsafeMemRead(int addr) throws ReadFaultException {
401 int page = addr >>> pageShift;
402 int entry = (addr&(1<<pageShift) - 1)>>2;
404 return readPages[page][entry];
405 } catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
406 if(page < 0 || page >= readPages.length) throw new ReadFaultException(addr);
407 throw e; // should never happen
408 } catch(NullPointerException e) {
409 throw new ReadFaultException(addr);
413 /** Writes a word to the processes memory at <i>addr</i> */
414 public final void memWrite(int addr, int value) throws WriteFaultException {
415 if((addr & 3) != 0) throw new WriteFaultException(addr);
416 unsafeMemWrite(addr,value);
419 protected final void unsafeMemWrite(int addr, int value) throws WriteFaultException {
420 int page = addr >>> pageShift;
421 int entry = (addr&(1<<pageShift) - 1)>>2;
423 writePages[page][entry] = value;
424 } catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
425 if(page < 0 || page >= writePages.length) throw new WriteFaultException(addr);
426 throw e; // should never happen
427 } catch(NullPointerException e) {
428 throw new WriteFaultException(addr);
432 /** Created a new non-empty writable page at page number <i>page</i> */
433 private final int[] initPage(int page) { return initPage(page,false); }
434 /** Created a new non-empty page at page number <i>page</i>. If <i>ro</i> is set the page will be read-only */
435 private final int[] initPage(int page, boolean ro) {
436 int[] buf = new int[(1<<pageShift)>>>2];
437 writePages[page] = ro ? null : buf;
438 readPages[page] = buf;
442 /** Returns the exit status of the process. (only valid if state == DONE)
443 @see Runtime#state */
444 public final int exitStatus() {
445 if(state != EXITED) throw new IllegalStateException("exitStatus() called in an inappropriate state");
449 private int addStringArray(String[] strings, int topAddr) throws FaultException {
450 int count = strings.length;
451 int total = 0; /* null last table entry */
452 for(int i=0;i<count;i++) total += strings[i].length() + 1;
453 total += (count+1)*4;
454 int start = (topAddr - total)&~3;
455 int addr = start + (count+1)*4;
456 int[] table = new int[count+1];
458 for(int i=0;i<count;i++) {
459 byte[] a = getBytes(strings[i]);
461 copyout(a,addr,a.length);
462 memset(addr+a.length,0,1);
463 addr += a.length + 1;
466 for(int i=0;i<count+1;i++) {
467 memWrite(addr,table[i]);
470 } catch(FaultException e) {
471 throw new RuntimeException(e.toString());
476 String[] createEnv(String[] extra) { if(extra == null) extra = new String[0]; return extra; }
478 /** Sets word number <i>index</i> in the _user_info table to <i>word</i>
479 * The user_info table is a chunk of memory in the program's memory defined by the
480 * symbol "user_info". The compiler/interpreter automatically determine the size
481 * and location of the user_info table from the ELF symbol table. setUserInfo and
482 * getUserInfo are used to modify the words in the user_info table. */
483 public void setUserInfo(int index, int word) {
484 if(index < 0 || index >= userInfoSize()/4) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("setUserInfo called with index >= " + (userInfoSize()/4));
486 memWrite(userInfoBase()+index*4,word);
487 } catch(FaultException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e.toString()); }
490 /** Returns the word in the _user_info table entry <i>index</i>
491 @see Runtime#setUserInfo(int,int) setUserInfo */
492 public int getUserInfo(int index) {
493 if(index < 0 || index >= userInfoSize()/4) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("setUserInfo called with index >= " + (userInfoSize()/4));
495 return memRead(userInfoBase()+index*4);
496 } catch(FaultException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e.toString()); }
499 /** Calls _execute() (subclass's execute()) and catches exceptions */
500 private void __execute() {
503 } catch(FaultException e) {
504 if(STDERR_DIAG) e.printStackTrace();
505 exit(128+11,true); // SIGSEGV
507 } catch(ExecutionException e) {
508 if(STDERR_DIAG) e.printStackTrace();
509 exit(128+4,true); // SIGILL
514 /** Executes the process until the PAUSE syscall is invoked or the process exits. Returns true if the process exited. */
515 public final boolean execute() {
516 if(state != PAUSED) throw new IllegalStateException("execute() called in inappropriate state");
517 if(startTime == 0) startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
520 if(state != PAUSED && state != EXITED && state != EXECED)
521 throw new IllegalStateException("execute() ended up in an inappropriate state (" + state + ")");
522 return state != PAUSED;
525 static String[] concatArgv(String argv0, String[] rest) {
526 String[] argv = new String[rest.length+1];
527 System.arraycopy(rest,0,argv,1,rest.length);
532 public final int run() { return run(null); }
533 public final int run(String argv0, String[] rest) { return run(concatArgv(argv0,rest)); }
534 public final int run(String[] args) { return run(args,null); }
536 /** Runs the process until it exits and returns the exit status.
537 If the process executes the PAUSE syscall execution will be paused for 500ms and a warning will be displayed */
538 public final int run(String[] args, String[] env) {
542 if(STDERR_DIAG) System.err.println("WARNING: Pause requested while executing run()");
544 if(state == EXECED && STDERR_DIAG) System.err.println("WARNING: Process exec()ed while being run under run()");
545 return state == EXITED ? exitStatus() : 0;
548 public final void start() { start(null); }
549 public final void start(String[] args) { start(args,null); }
551 /** Initializes the process and prepairs it to be executed with execute() */
552 public final void start(String[] args, String[] environ) {
553 int top, sp, argsAddr, envAddr;
554 if(state != STOPPED) throw new IllegalStateException("start() called in inappropriate state");
556 if(args == null) args = new String[]{getClass().getName()};
558 sp = top = writePages.length*(1<<pageShift);
560 sp = argsAddr = addStringArray(args,sp);
561 sp = envAddr = addStringArray(createEnv(environ),sp);
562 } catch(FaultException e) {
563 throw new IllegalArgumentException("args/environ too big");
566 if(top - sp > ARG_MAX) throw new IllegalArgumentException("args/environ too big");
568 // HACK: heapStart() isn't always available when the constructor
569 // is run and this sometimes doesn't get initialized
571 heapEnd = heapStart();
572 if(heapEnd == 0) throw new Error("heapEnd == 0");
573 int pageSize = writePages.length == 1 ? 4096 : (1<<pageShift);
574 heapEnd = (heapEnd + pageSize - 1) & ~(pageSize-1);
577 CPUState cpuState = new CPUState();
578 cpuState.r[A0] = argsAddr;
579 cpuState.r[A1] = envAddr;
581 cpuState.r[RA] = 0xdeadbeef;
582 cpuState.r[GP] = gp();
583 cpuState.pc = entryPoint();
584 setCPUState(cpuState);
591 /** Hook for subclasses to do their own startup */
594 public final int call(String sym, Object[] args) throws CallException, FaultException {
595 if(state != PAUSED && state != CALLJAVA) throw new IllegalStateException("call() called in inappropriate state");
596 if(args.length > 7) throw new IllegalArgumentException("args.length > 7");
597 CPUState state = new CPUState();
600 int sp = state.r[SP];
601 int[] ia = new int[args.length];
602 for(int i=0;i<args.length;i++) {
605 if(o instanceof String) {
606 buf = getBytes((String)o);
607 } else if(o instanceof byte[]) {
609 } else if(o instanceof Number) {
610 ia[i] = ((Number)o).intValue();
614 copyout(buf,sp,buf.length);
618 int oldSP = state.r[SP];
619 if(oldSP == sp) return call(sym,ia);
623 int ret = call(sym,ia);
629 public final int call(String sym) throws CallException { return call(sym,new int[]{}); }
630 public final int call(String sym, int a0) throws CallException { return call(sym,new int[]{a0}); }
631 public final int call(String sym, int a0, int a1) throws CallException { return call(sym,new int[]{a0,a1}); }
633 /** Calls a function in the process with the given arguments */
634 public final int call(String sym, int[] args) throws CallException {
635 int func = lookupSymbol(sym);
636 if(func == -1) throw new CallException(sym + " not found");
637 int helper = lookupSymbol("_call_helper");
638 if(helper == -1) throw new CallException("_call_helper not found");
639 return call(helper,func,args);
642 /** Executes the code at <i>addr</i> in the process setting A0-A3 and S0-S3 to the given arguments
643 and returns the contents of V1 when the the pause syscall is invoked */
644 //public final int call(int addr, int a0, int a1, int a2, int a3, int s0, int s1, int s2, int s3) {
645 public final int call(int addr, int a0, int[] rest) throws CallException {
646 if(rest.length > 7) throw new IllegalArgumentException("rest.length > 7");
647 if(state != PAUSED && state != CALLJAVA) throw new IllegalStateException("call() called in inappropriate state");
648 int oldState = state;
649 CPUState saved = new CPUState();
651 CPUState cpustate = saved.dup();
653 cpustate.r[SP] = cpustate.r[SP]&~15;
654 cpustate.r[RA] = 0xdeadbeef;
656 switch(rest.length) {
657 case 7: cpustate.r[S3] = rest[6];
658 case 6: cpustate.r[S2] = rest[5];
659 case 5: cpustate.r[S1] = rest[4];
660 case 4: cpustate.r[S0] = rest[3];
661 case 3: cpustate.r[A3] = rest[2];
662 case 2: cpustate.r[A2] = rest[1];
663 case 1: cpustate.r[A1] = rest[0];
669 setCPUState(cpustate);
671 getCPUState(cpustate);
674 if(state != PAUSED) throw new CallException("Process exit()ed while servicing a call() request");
677 return cpustate.r[V1];
680 /** Allocated an entry in the FileDescriptor table for <i>fd</i> and returns the number.
681 Returns -1 if the table is full. This can be used by subclasses to use custom file
683 public final int addFD(FD fd) {
684 if(state == EXITED || state == EXECED) throw new IllegalStateException("addFD called in inappropriate state");
686 for(i=0;i<OPEN_MAX;i++) if(fds[i] == null) break;
687 if(i==OPEN_MAX) return -1;
689 closeOnExec[i] = false;
693 /** Closes file descriptor <i>fdn</i> and removes it from the file descriptor table */
694 public final boolean closeFD(int fdn) {
695 if(state == EXITED || state == EXECED) throw new IllegalStateException("closeFD called in inappropriate state");
696 if(fdn < 0 || fdn >= OPEN_MAX) return false;
697 if(fds[fdn] == null) return false;
703 /** Duplicates the file descriptor <i>fdn</i> and returns the new fs */
704 public final int dupFD(int fdn) {
706 if(fdn < 0 || fdn >= OPEN_MAX) return -1;
707 if(fds[fdn] == null) return -1;
708 for(i=0;i<OPEN_MAX;i++) if(fds[i] == null) break;
709 if(i==OPEN_MAX) return -1;
710 fds[i] = fds[fdn].dup();
714 public static final int RD_ONLY = 0;
715 public static final int WR_ONLY = 1;
716 public static final int RDWR = 2;
718 public static final int O_CREAT = 0x0200;
719 public static final int O_EXCL = 0x0800;
720 public static final int O_APPEND = 0x0008;
721 public static final int O_TRUNC = 0x0400;
722 public static final int O_NONBLOCK = 0x4000;
723 public static final int O_NOCTTY = 0x8000;
726 FD hostFSOpen(final File f, int flags, int mode, final Object data) throws ErrnoException {
727 if((flags & ~(3|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_APPEND|O_TRUNC)) != 0) {
729 System.err.println("WARNING: Unsupported flags passed to open(\"" + f + "\"): " + toHex(flags & ~(3|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_APPEND|O_TRUNC)));
731 throw new ErrnoException(ENOTSUP);
733 boolean write = (flags&3) != RD_ONLY;
735 if(sm != null && !(write ? sm.allowWrite(f) : sm.allowRead(f))) throw new ErrnoException(EACCES);
737 if((flags & (O_EXCL|O_CREAT)) == (O_EXCL|O_CREAT)) {
739 if(Platform.atomicCreateFile(f)) throw new ErrnoException(EEXIST);
740 } catch(IOException e) {
741 throw new ErrnoException(EIO);
743 } else if(!f.exists()) {
744 if((flags&O_CREAT)==0) return null;
745 } else if(f.isDirectory()) {
746 return hostFSDirFD(f,data);
749 final Seekable.File sf;
751 sf = new Seekable.File(f,write,(flags & O_TRUNC) != 0);
752 } catch(FileNotFoundException e) {
753 if(e.getMessage() != null && e.getMessage().indexOf("Permission denied") >= 0) throw new ErrnoException(EACCES);
755 } catch(IOException e) { throw new ErrnoException(EIO); }
757 return new SeekableFD(sf,flags) { protected FStat _fstat() { return hostFStat(f,data); } };
760 FStat hostFStat(File f, Object data) { return new HostFStat(f); }
762 FD hostFSDirFD(File f, Object data) { return null; }
764 FD _open(String path, int flags, int mode) throws ErrnoException {
765 return hostFSOpen(new File(path),flags,mode,null);
768 /** The open syscall */
769 private int sys_open(int addr, int flags, int mode) throws ErrnoException, FaultException {
770 String name = cstring(addr);
772 // HACK: TeX, or GPC, or something really sucks
773 if(name.length() == 1024 && getClass().getName().equals("tests.TeX")) name = name.trim();
775 flags &= ~O_NOCTTY; // this is meaningless under nestedvm
776 FD fd = _open(name,flags,mode);
777 if(fd == null) return -ENOENT;
779 if(fdn == -1) { fd.close(); return -ENFILE; }
783 /** The write syscall */
785 private int sys_write(int fdn, int addr, int count) throws FaultException, ErrnoException {
786 count = Math.min(count,MAX_CHUNK);
787 if(fdn < 0 || fdn >= OPEN_MAX) return -EBADFD;
788 if(fds[fdn] == null) return -EBADFD;
789 byte[] buf = byteBuf(count);
790 copyin(addr,buf,count);
792 return fds[fdn].write(buf,0,count);
793 } catch(ErrnoException e) {
794 if(e.errno == EPIPE) sys_exit(128+13);
799 /** The read syscall */
800 private int sys_read(int fdn, int addr, int count) throws FaultException, ErrnoException {
801 count = Math.min(count,MAX_CHUNK);
802 if(fdn < 0 || fdn >= OPEN_MAX) return -EBADFD;
803 if(fds[fdn] == null) return -EBADFD;
804 byte[] buf = byteBuf(count);
805 int n = fds[fdn].read(buf,0,count);
810 /** The close syscall */
811 private int sys_close(int fdn) {
812 return closeFD(fdn) ? 0 : -EBADFD;
816 /** The seek syscall */
817 private int sys_lseek(int fdn, int offset, int whence) throws ErrnoException {
818 if(fdn < 0 || fdn >= OPEN_MAX) return -EBADFD;
819 if(fds[fdn] == null) return -EBADFD;
820 if(whence != SEEK_SET && whence != SEEK_CUR && whence != SEEK_END) return -EINVAL;
821 int n = fds[fdn].seek(offset,whence);
822 return n < 0 ? -ESPIPE : n;
825 /** The stat/fstat syscall helper */
826 int stat(FStat fs, int addr) throws FaultException {
827 memWrite(addr+0,(fs.dev()<<16)|(fs.inode()&0xffff)); // st_dev (top 16), // st_ino (bottom 16)
828 memWrite(addr+4,((fs.type()&0xf000))|(fs.mode()&0xfff)); // st_mode
829 memWrite(addr+8,fs.nlink()<<16|fs.uid()&0xffff); // st_nlink (top 16) // st_uid (bottom 16)
830 memWrite(addr+12,fs.gid()<<16|0); // st_gid (top 16) // st_rdev (bottom 16)
831 memWrite(addr+16,fs.size()); // st_size
832 memWrite(addr+20,fs.atime()); // st_atime
833 // memWrite(addr+24,0) // st_spare1
834 memWrite(addr+28,fs.mtime()); // st_mtime
835 // memWrite(addr+32,0) // st_spare2
836 memWrite(addr+36,fs.ctime()); // st_ctime
837 // memWrite(addr+40,0) // st_spare3
838 memWrite(addr+44,fs.blksize()); // st_bklsize;
839 memWrite(addr+48,fs.blocks()); // st_blocks
840 // memWrite(addr+52,0) // st_spare4[0]
841 // memWrite(addr+56,0) // st_spare4[1]
845 /** The fstat syscall */
846 private int sys_fstat(int fdn, int addr) throws FaultException {
847 if(fdn < 0 || fdn >= OPEN_MAX) return -EBADFD;
848 if(fds[fdn] == null) return -EBADFD;
849 return stat(fds[fdn].fstat(),addr);
858 private int sys_gettimeofday(int timevalAddr, int timezoneAddr) throws FaultException {
859 long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
860 int tv_sec = (int)(now / 1000);
861 int tv_usec = (int)((now%1000)*1000);
862 memWrite(timevalAddr+0,tv_sec);
863 memWrite(timevalAddr+4,tv_usec);
867 private int sys_sleep(int sec) {
868 if(sec < 0) sec = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
870 Thread.sleep((long)sec*1000);
872 } catch(InterruptedException e) {
878 #define _CLOCKS_PER_SEC_ 1000
879 #define _CLOCK_T_ unsigned long
887 private int sys_times(int tms) {
888 long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
889 int userTime = (int)((now - startTime)/16);
890 int sysTime = (int)((now - startTime)/16);
894 memWrite(tms+0,userTime);
895 memWrite(tms+4,sysTime);
896 memWrite(tms+8,userTime);
897 memWrite(tms+12,sysTime);
899 } catch(FaultException e) {
905 private int sys_sysconf(int n) {
907 case _SC_CLK_TCK: return 1000;
908 case _SC_PAGESIZE: return writePages.length == 1 ? 4096 : (1<<pageShift);
909 case _SC_PHYS_PAGES: return writePages.length == 1 ? (1<<pageShift)/4096 : writePages.length;
911 if(STDERR_DIAG) System.err.println("WARNING: Attempted to use unknown sysconf key: " + n);
916 /** The sbrk syscall. This can also be used by subclasses to allocate memory.
917 <i>incr</i> is how much to increase the break by */
918 public final int sbrk(int incr) {
919 if(incr < 0) return -ENOMEM;
920 if(incr==0) return heapEnd;
922 int oldEnd = heapEnd;
923 int newEnd = oldEnd + incr;
924 if(newEnd >= stackBottom) return -ENOMEM;
926 if(writePages.length > 1) {
927 int pageMask = (1<<pageShift) - 1;
928 int pageWords = (1<<pageShift) >>> 2;
929 int start = (oldEnd + pageMask) >>> pageShift;
930 int end = (newEnd + pageMask) >>> pageShift;
932 for(int i=start;i<end;i++) readPages[i] = writePages[i] = new int[pageWords];
933 } catch(OutOfMemoryError e) {
934 if(STDERR_DIAG) System.err.println("WARNING: Caught OOM Exception in sbrk: " + e);
942 /** The getpid syscall */
943 private int sys_getpid() { return getPid(); }
944 int getPid() { return 1; }
946 public static interface CallJavaCB { public int call(int a, int b, int c, int d); }
948 private int sys_calljava(int a, int b, int c, int d) {
949 if(state != RUNNING) throw new IllegalStateException("wound up calling sys_calljava while not in RUNNING");
950 if(callJavaCB != null) {
954 ret = callJavaCB.call(a,b,c,d);
955 } catch(RuntimeException e) {
956 System.err.println("Error while executing callJavaCB");
963 if(STDERR_DIAG) System.err.println("WARNING: calljava syscall invoked without a calljava callback set");
968 private int sys_pause() {
973 private int sys_getpagesize() { return writePages.length == 1 ? 4096 : (1<<pageShift); }
975 /** Hook for subclasses to do something when the process exits */
978 void exit(int status, boolean fromSignal) {
979 if(fromSignal && fds[2] != null) {
981 byte[] msg = getBytes("Process exited on signal " + (status - 128) + "\n");
982 fds[2].write(msg,0,msg.length);
983 } catch(ErrnoException e) { }
986 for(int i=0;i<fds.length;i++) if(fds[i] != null) closeFD(i);
991 private int sys_exit(int status) {
996 private int sys_fcntl(int fdn, int cmd, int arg) {
999 if(fdn < 0 || fdn >= OPEN_MAX) return -EBADFD;
1000 if(fds[fdn] == null) return -EBADFD;
1005 if(arg < 0 || arg >= OPEN_MAX) return -EINVAL;
1006 for(i=arg;i<OPEN_MAX;i++) if(fds[i]==null) break;
1007 if(i==OPEN_MAX) return -EMFILE;
1013 closeOnExec[fdn] = arg != 0;
1016 return closeOnExec[fdn] ? 1 : 0;
1018 if(STDERR_DIAG) System.err.println("WARNING: Unknown fcntl command: " + cmd);
1023 /** The syscall dispatcher.
1024 The should be called by subclasses when the syscall instruction is invoked.
1025 <i>syscall</i> should be the contents of V0 and <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>, <i>c</i>, and <i>d</i> should be
1026 the contenst of A0, A1, A2, and A3. The call MAY change the state
1027 @see Runtime#state state */
1028 protected final int syscall(int syscall, int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, int f) {
1030 int n = _syscall(syscall,a,b,c,d,e,f);
1031 //if(n < 0) System.err.println("syscall: " + syscall + " returned " + n);
1033 } catch(ErrnoException ex) {
1034 //ex.printStackTrace();
1036 } catch(FaultException ex) {
1038 } catch(RuntimeException ex) {
1039 ex.printStackTrace();
1040 throw new Error("Internal Error in _syscall()");
1044 int _syscall(int syscall, int a, int b, int c, int d, int e, int f) throws ErrnoException, FaultException {
1046 case SYS_null: return 0;
1047 case SYS_exit: return sys_exit(a);
1048 case SYS_pause: return sys_pause();
1049 case SYS_write: return sys_write(a,b,c);
1050 case SYS_fstat: return sys_fstat(a,b);
1051 case SYS_sbrk: return sbrk(a);
1052 case SYS_open: return sys_open(a,b,c);
1053 case SYS_close: return sys_close(a);
1054 case SYS_read: return sys_read(a,b,c);
1055 case SYS_lseek: return sys_lseek(a,b,c);
1056 case SYS_getpid: return sys_getpid();
1057 case SYS_calljava: return sys_calljava(a,b,c,d);
1058 case SYS_gettimeofday: return sys_gettimeofday(a,b);
1059 case SYS_sleep: return sys_sleep(a);
1060 case SYS_times: return sys_times(a);
1061 case SYS_getpagesize: return sys_getpagesize();
1062 case SYS_fcntl: return sys_fcntl(a,b,c);
1063 case SYS_sysconf: return sys_sysconf(a);
1065 case SYS_memcpy: memcpy(a,b,c); return a;
1066 case SYS_memset: memset(a,b,c); return a;
1077 if(STDERR_DIAG) System.err.println("Attempted to use a UnixRuntime syscall in Runtime (" + syscall + ")");
1080 if(STDERR_DIAG) System.err.println("Attempted to use unknown syscall: " + syscall);
1085 public int xmalloc(int size) { int p=malloc(size); if(p==0) throw new RuntimeException("malloc() failed"); return p; }
1086 public int xrealloc(int addr,int newsize) { int p=realloc(addr,newsize); if(p==0) throw new RuntimeException("realloc() failed"); return p; }
1087 public int realloc(int addr, int newsize) { try { return call("realloc",addr,newsize); } catch(CallException e) { return 0; } }
1088 public int malloc(int size) { try { return call("malloc",size); } catch(CallException e) { return 0; } }
1089 public void free(int p) { try { if(p!=0) call("free",p); } catch(CallException e) { /*noop*/ } }
1091 /** Helper function to create a cstring in main memory */
1092 public int strdup(String s) {
1094 if(s == null) s = "(null)";
1095 byte[] a2 = getBytes(s);
1096 a = new byte[a2.length+1];
1097 System.arraycopy(a2,0,a,0,a2.length);
1098 int addr = malloc(a.length);
1099 if(addr == 0) return 0;
1101 copyout(a,addr,a.length);
1102 } catch(FaultException e) {
1109 /** Helper function to read a cstring from main memory */
1110 public final String cstring(int addr) throws ReadFaultException {
1111 StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
1113 int word = memRead(addr&~3);
1115 case 0: if(((word>>>24)&0xff)==0) return sb.toString(); sb.append((char)((word>>>24)&0xff)); addr++;
1116 case 1: if(((word>>>16)&0xff)==0) return sb.toString(); sb.append((char)((word>>>16)&0xff)); addr++;
1117 case 2: if(((word>>> 8)&0xff)==0) return sb.toString(); sb.append((char)((word>>> 8)&0xff)); addr++;
1118 case 3: if(((word>>> 0)&0xff)==0) return sb.toString(); sb.append((char)((word>>> 0)&0xff)); addr++;
1123 /** File Descriptor class */
1124 public static abstract class FD {
1125 private int refCount = 1;
1127 /** Read some bytes. Should return the number of bytes read, 0 on EOF, or throw an IOException on error */
1128 public int read(byte[] a, int off, int length) throws ErrnoException { throw new ErrnoException(EBADFD); }
1129 /** Write. Should return the number of bytes written or throw an IOException on error */
1130 public int write(byte[] a, int off, int length) throws ErrnoException { throw new ErrnoException(EBADFD); }
1132 /** Seek in the filedescriptor. Whence is SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, or SEEK_END. Should return -1 on error or the new position. */
1133 public int seek(int n, int whence) throws ErrnoException { return -1; }
1135 public int getdents(byte[] a, int off, int length) throws ErrnoException { throw new ErrnoException(EBADFD); }
1137 /** Return a Seekable object representing this file descriptor (can be read only)
1138 This is required for exec() */
1139 Seekable seekable() { return null; }
1141 private FStat cachedFStat = null;
1142 public final FStat fstat() {
1143 if(cachedFStat == null) cachedFStat = _fstat();
1147 protected abstract FStat _fstat();
1148 public abstract int flags();
1150 /** Closes the fd */
1151 public final void close() { if(--refCount==0) _close(); }
1152 protected void _close() { /* noop*/ }
1154 FD dup() { refCount++; return this; }
1157 /** FileDescriptor class for normal files */
1158 public abstract static class SeekableFD extends FD {
1159 private final int flags;
1160 private final Seekable data;
1162 SeekableFD(Seekable data, int flags) { this.data = data; this.flags = flags; }
1164 protected abstract FStat _fstat();
1165 public int flags() { return flags; }
1167 Seekable seekable() { return data; }
1169 public int seek(int n, int whence) throws ErrnoException {
1172 case SEEK_SET: break;
1173 case SEEK_CUR: n += data.pos(); break;
1174 case SEEK_END: n += data.length(); break;
1179 } catch(IOException e) {
1180 throw new ErrnoException(ESPIPE);
1184 public int write(byte[] a, int off, int length) throws ErrnoException {
1185 if((flags&3) == RD_ONLY) throw new ErrnoException(EBADFD);
1186 // NOTE: There is race condition here but we can't fix it in pure java
1187 if((flags&O_APPEND) != 0) seek(0,SEEK_END);
1189 return data.write(a,off,length);
1190 } catch(IOException e) {
1191 throw new ErrnoException(EIO);
1195 public int read(byte[] a, int off, int length) throws ErrnoException {
1196 if((flags&3) == WR_ONLY) throw new ErrnoException(EBADFD);
1198 int n = data.read(a,off,length);
1199 return n < 0 ? 0 : n;
1200 } catch(IOException e) {
1201 throw new ErrnoException(EIO);
1205 protected void _close() { try { data.close(); } catch(IOException e) { /*ignore*/ } }
1208 public static class InputOutputStreamFD extends FD {
1209 private final InputStream is;
1210 private final OutputStream os;
1212 public InputOutputStreamFD(InputStream is) { this(is,null); }
1213 public InputOutputStreamFD(OutputStream os) { this(null,os); }
1214 public InputOutputStreamFD(InputStream is, OutputStream os) {
1217 if(is == null && os == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("at least one stream must be supplied");
1220 public int flags() {
1221 if(is != null && os != null) return O_RDWR;
1222 if(is != null) return O_RDONLY;
1223 if(os != null) return O_WRONLY;
1224 throw new Error("should never happen");
1227 public void _close() {
1228 if(is != null) try { is.close(); } catch(IOException e) { /*ignore*/ }
1229 if(os != null) try { os.close(); } catch(IOException e) { /*ignore*/ }
1232 public int read(byte[] a, int off, int length) throws ErrnoException {
1233 if(is == null) return super.read(a,off,length);
1235 int n = is.read(a,off,length);
1236 return n < 0 ? 0 : n;
1237 } catch(IOException e) {
1238 throw new ErrnoException(EIO);
1242 public int write(byte[] a, int off, int length) throws ErrnoException {
1243 if(os == null) return super.write(a,off,length);
1245 os.write(a,off,length);
1247 } catch(IOException e) {
1248 throw new ErrnoException(EIO);
1252 public FStat _fstat() { return new SocketFStat(); }
1255 static class TerminalFD extends InputOutputStreamFD {
1256 public TerminalFD(InputStream is) { this(is,null); }
1257 public TerminalFD(OutputStream os) { this(null,os); }
1258 public TerminalFD(InputStream is, OutputStream os) { super(is,os); }
1259 public void _close() { /* noop */ }
1260 public FStat _fstat() { return new SocketFStat() { public int type() { return S_IFCHR; } public int mode() { return 0600; } }; }
1263 // This is pretty inefficient but it is only used for reading from the console on win32
1264 static class Win32ConsoleIS extends InputStream {
1265 private int pushedBack = -1;
1266 private final InputStream parent;
1267 public Win32ConsoleIS(InputStream parent) { this.parent = parent; }
1268 public int read() throws IOException {
1269 if(pushedBack != -1) { int c = pushedBack; pushedBack = -1; return c; }
1270 int c = parent.read();
1271 if(c == '\r' && (c = parent.read()) != '\n') { pushedBack = c; return '\r'; }
1274 public int read(byte[] buf, int pos, int len) throws IOException {
1276 if(pushedBack != -1 && len > 0) {
1277 buf[0] = (byte) pushedBack;
1279 pos++; len--; pb = true;
1281 int n = parent.read(buf,pos,len);
1282 if(n == -1) return -1;
1283 for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
1284 if(buf[pos+i] == '\r') {
1286 int c = parent.read();
1287 if(c == '\n') buf[pos+i] = '\n';
1288 else pushedBack = c;
1289 } else if(buf[pos+i+1] == '\n') {
1290 System.arraycopy(buf,pos+i+1,buf,pos+i,len-i-1);
1295 return n + (pb ? 1 : 0);
1299 public abstract static class FStat {
1300 public static final int S_IFIFO = 0010000;
1301 public static final int S_IFCHR = 0020000;
1302 public static final int S_IFDIR = 0040000;
1303 public static final int S_IFREG = 0100000;
1304 public static final int S_IFSOCK = 0140000;
1306 public int mode() { return 0; }
1307 public int nlink() { return 0; }
1308 public int uid() { return 0; }
1309 public int gid() { return 0; }
1310 public int size() { return 0; }
1311 public int atime() { return 0; }
1312 public int mtime() { return 0; }
1313 public int ctime() { return 0; }
1314 public int blksize() { return 512; }
1315 public int blocks() { return (size()+blksize()-1)/blksize(); }
1317 public abstract int dev();
1318 public abstract int type();
1319 public abstract int inode();
1322 public static class SocketFStat extends FStat {
1323 public int dev() { return -1; }
1324 public int type() { return S_IFSOCK; }
1325 public int inode() { return hashCode() & 0x7fff; }
1328 static class HostFStat extends FStat {
1329 private final File f;
1330 private final boolean executable;
1331 public HostFStat(File f) { this(f,false); }
1332 public HostFStat(File f, boolean executable) {
1334 this.executable = executable;
1336 public int dev() { return 1; }
1337 public int inode() { return f.getAbsolutePath().hashCode() & 0x7fff; }
1338 public int type() { return f.isDirectory() ? S_IFDIR : S_IFREG; }
1339 public int nlink() { return 1; }
1342 boolean canread = f.canRead();
1343 if(canread && (executable || f.isDirectory())) mode |= 0111;
1344 if(canread) mode |= 0444;
1345 if(f.canWrite()) mode |= 0222;
1348 public int size() { return (int) f.length(); }
1349 public int mtime() { return (int)(f.lastModified()/1000); }
1353 public static class ReadFaultException extends FaultException {
1354 public ReadFaultException(int addr) { super(addr); }
1356 public static class WriteFaultException extends FaultException {
1357 public WriteFaultException(int addr) { super(addr); }
1359 public static class FaultException extends ExecutionException {
1360 public final int addr;
1361 public final RuntimeException cause;
1362 public FaultException(int addr) { super("fault at: " + toHex(addr)); this.addr = addr; cause = null; }
1363 public FaultException(RuntimeException e) { super(e.toString()); addr = -1; cause = e; }
1365 public static class ExecutionException extends Exception {
1366 private String message = "(null)";
1367 private String location = "(unknown)";
1368 public ExecutionException() { /* noop */ }
1369 public ExecutionException(String s) { if(s != null) message = s; }
1370 void setLocation(String s) { location = s == null ? "(unknown)" : s; }
1371 public final String getMessage() { return message + " at " + location; }
1373 public static class CallException extends Exception {
1374 public CallException(String s) { super(s); }
1377 protected static class ErrnoException extends Exception {
1379 public ErrnoException(int errno) { super("Errno: " + errno); this.errno = errno; }
1383 protected static class CPUState {
1384 public CPUState() { /* noop */ }
1386 public int[] r = new int[32];
1387 /* Floating point regs */
1388 public int[] f = new int[32];
1393 public CPUState dup() {
1394 CPUState c = new CPUState();
1399 for(int i=0;i<32;i++) {
1407 public static class SecurityManager {
1408 public boolean allowRead(File f) { return true; }
1409 public boolean allowWrite(File f) { return true; }
1410 public boolean allowStat(File f) { return true; }
1411 public boolean allowUnlink(File f) { return true; }
1414 // Null pointer check helper function
1415 protected final void nullPointerCheck(int addr) throws ExecutionException {
1417 throw new ExecutionException("Attempted to dereference a null pointer " + toHex(addr));
1420 // Utility functions
1421 byte[] byteBuf(int size) {
1422 if(_byteBuf==null) _byteBuf = new byte[size];
1423 else if(_byteBuf.length < size)
1424 _byteBuf = new byte[min(max(_byteBuf.length*2,size),MAX_CHUNK)];
1428 /** Decode a packed string */
1429 protected static final int[] decodeData(String s, int words) {
1430 if(s.length() % 8 != 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("string length must be a multiple of 8");
1431 if((s.length() / 8) * 7 < words*4) throw new IllegalArgumentException("string isn't big enough");
1432 int[] buf = new int[words];
1433 int prev = 0, left=0;
1434 for(int i=0,n=0;n<words;i+=8) {
1436 for(int j=0;j<8;j++) { l <<= 7; l |= s.charAt(i+j) & 0x7f; }
1437 if(left > 0) buf[n++] = prev | (int)(l>>>(56-left));
1438 if(n < words) buf[n++] = (int) (l >>> (24-left));
1439 left = (left + 8) & 0x1f;
1440 prev = (int)(l << left);
1445 static byte[] getBytes(String s) {
1447 return s.getBytes("ISO-8859-1");
1448 } catch(UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
1449 return null; // should never happen
1453 static byte[] getNullTerminatedBytes(String s) {
1454 byte[] buf1 = getBytes(s);
1455 byte[] buf2 = new byte[buf1.length+1];
1456 System.arraycopy(buf1,0,buf2,0,buf1.length);
1460 final static String toHex(int n) { return "0x" + Long.toString(n & 0xffffffffL, 16); }
1461 final static int min(int a, int b) { return a < b ? a : b; }
1462 final static int max(int a, int b) { return a > b ? a : b; }