-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- |
-- Module : System.Console.GetOpt
--- Copyright : (c) Sven Panne Oct. 1996 (small changes Dec. 1997)
+-- Copyright : (c) Sven Panne 2002-2004
-- License : BSD-style (see the file libraries/base/LICENSE)
--
-- Maintainer : libraries@haskell.org
-- Stability : experimental
-- Portability : portable
--
--- A Haskell port of the GNU getopt library
+-- This library provides facilities for parsing the command-line options
+-- in a standalone program. It is essentially a Haskell port of the GNU
+-- @getopt@ library.
--
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(e.g. '-help' is recognised as '--help', as long as there is no short
option 'h').
-Other differences between GNU's getopt and this implementation: * To
-enforce a coherent description of options and arguments, there are
-explanation fields in the option/argument descriptor. * Error
-messages are now more informative, but no longer POSIX
-compliant... :-( And a final Haskell advertisement: The GNU C
-implementation uses well over 1100 lines, we need only 195 here,
-including a 46 line example! :-)
+Other differences between GNU's getopt and this implementation:
+
+* To enforce a coherent description of options and arguments, there
+ are explanation fields in the option/argument descriptor.
+
+* Error messages are now more informative, but no longer POSIX
+ compliant... :-(
+
+And a final Haskell advertisement: The GNU C implementation uses well
+over 1100 lines, we need only 195 here, including a 46 line example!
+:-)
-}
module System.Console.GetOpt (
- ArgOrder(..),
- OptDescr(..),
- ArgDescr(..),
- usageInfo, -- :: String -> [OptDescr a] -> String
- getOpt -- :: ArgOrder a -> [OptDescr a] -> [String]
- -- -> ([a],[String],[String])
- ) where
-
-import Prelude
-import Data.List ( isPrefixOf )
-
-data ArgOrder a -- what to do with options following non-options:
- = RequireOrder -- no option processing after first non-option
- | Permute -- freely intersperse options and non-options
- | ReturnInOrder (String -> a) -- wrap non-options into options
+ -- * GetOpt
+ getOpt,
+ usageInfo,
+ ArgOrder(..),
+ OptDescr(..),
+ ArgDescr(..),
+
+ -- * Example
+
+ -- $example
+) where
+
+import Data.List ( isPrefixOf )
+
+-- |What to do with options following non-options
+data ArgOrder a
+ = RequireOrder -- ^ no option processing after first non-option
+ | Permute -- ^ freely intersperse options and non-options
+ | ReturnInOrder (String -> a) -- ^ wrap non-options into options
+
+{-|
+Each 'OptDescr' describes a single option.
+
+The arguments to 'Option' are:
+
+* list of short option characters
+
+* list of long option strings (without \"--\")
+
+* argument descriptor
+* explanation of option for user
+-}
data OptDescr a = -- description of a single options:
Option [Char] -- list of short option characters
[String] -- list of long option strings (without "--")
(ArgDescr a) -- argument descriptor
String -- explanation of option for user
-data ArgDescr a -- description of an argument option:
- = NoArg a -- no argument expected
- | ReqArg (String -> a) String -- option requires argument
- | OptArg (Maybe String -> a) String -- optional argument
+-- |Describes whether an option takes an argument or not, and if so
+-- how the argument is injected into a value of type @a@.
+data ArgDescr a
+ = NoArg a -- ^ no argument expected
+ | ReqArg (String -> a) String -- ^ option requires argument
+ | OptArg (Maybe String -> a) String -- ^ optional argument
data OptKind a -- kind of cmd line arg (internal use only):
= Opt a -- an option
| EndOfOpts -- end-of-options marker (i.e. "--")
| OptErr String -- something went wrong...
+-- | Return a string describing the usage of a command, derived from
+-- the header (first argument) and the options described by the
+-- second argument.
usageInfo :: String -- header
-> [OptDescr a] -- option descriptors
-> String -- nicely formatted decription of options
usageInfo header optDescr = unlines (header:table)
- where (ss,ls,ds) = (unzip3 . map fmtOpt) optDescr
+ where (ss,ls,ds) = (unzip3 . concatMap fmtOpt) optDescr
table = zipWith3 paste (sameLen ss) (sameLen ls) ds
paste x y z = " " ++ x ++ " " ++ y ++ " " ++ z
sameLen xs = flushLeft ((maximum . map length) xs) xs
flushLeft n xs = [ take n (x ++ repeat ' ') | x <- xs ]
-fmtOpt :: OptDescr a -> (String,String,String)
-fmtOpt (Option sos los ad descr) = (sepBy ',' (map (fmtShort ad) sos),
- sepBy ',' (map (fmtLong ad) los),
- descr)
+fmtOpt :: OptDescr a -> [(String,String,String)]
+fmtOpt (Option sos los ad descr) =
+ case lines descr of
+ [] -> [(sosFmt,losFmt,"")]
+ (d:ds) -> (sosFmt,losFmt,d) : [ ("","",d') | d' <- ds ]
where sepBy _ [] = ""
sepBy _ [x] = x
sepBy ch (x:xs) = x ++ ch:' ':sepBy ch xs
+ sosFmt = sepBy ',' (map (fmtShort ad) sos)
+ losFmt = sepBy ',' (map (fmtLong ad) los)
fmtShort :: ArgDescr a -> Char -> String
fmtShort (NoArg _ ) so = "-" ++ [so]
fmtLong (ReqArg _ ad) lo = "--" ++ lo ++ "=" ++ ad
fmtLong (OptArg _ ad) lo = "--" ++ lo ++ "[=" ++ ad ++ "]"
+{-|
+Process the command-line, and return the list of values that matched
+(and those that didn\'t). The arguments are:
+
+* The order requirements (see 'ArgOrder')
+
+* The option descriptions (see 'OptDescr')
+
+* The actual command line arguments (presumably got from
+ 'System.Environment.getArgs').
+
+'getOpt' returns a triple, consisting of the argument values, a list
+of options that didn\'t match, and a list of error messages.
+-}
getOpt :: ArgOrder a -- non-option handling
-> [OptDescr a] -- option descriptors
-> [String] -- the commandline arguments
longOpt :: String -> [String] -> [OptDescr a] -> (OptKind a,[String])
longOpt ls rs optDescr = long ads arg rs
where (opt,arg) = break (=='=') ls
- options = [ o | o@(Option _ ls _ _) <- optDescr, l <- ls, opt `isPrefixOf` l ]
+ getWith p = [ o | o@(Option _ ls _ _) <- optDescr, l <- ls, opt `p` l ]
+ exact = getWith (==)
+ options = if null exact then getWith isPrefixOf else exact
ads = [ ad | Option _ _ ad _ <- options ]
optStr = ("--"++opt)
-- -n USER --name=USER only dump USER's files
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-}
+
+{- $example
+
+To hopefully illuminate the role of the different data
+structures, here\'s the command-line options for a (very simple)
+compiler:
+
+> module Opts where
+>
+> import System.Console.GetOpt
+> import Data.Maybe ( fromMaybe )
+>
+> data Flag
+> = Verbose | Version
+> | Input String | Output String | LibDir String
+> deriving Show
+>
+> options :: [OptDescr Flag]
+> options =
+> [ Option ['v'] ["verbose"] (NoArg Verbose) "chatty output on stderr"
+> , Option ['V','?'] ["version"] (NoArg Version) "show version number"
+> , Option ['o'] ["output"] (OptArg outp "FILE") "output FILE"
+> , Option ['c'] [] (OptArg inp "FILE") "input FILE"
+> , Option ['L'] ["libdir"] (ReqArg LibDir "DIR") "library directory"
+> ]
+>
+> inp,outp :: Maybe String -> Flag
+> outp = Output . fromMaybe "stdout"
+> inp = Input . fromMaybe "stdout"
+>
+> compilerOpts :: [String] -> IO ([Flag], [String])
+> compilerOpts argv =
+> case (getOpt Permute options argv) of
+> (o,n,[] ) -> return (o,n)
+> (_,_,errs) -> ioError (userError (concat errs ++ usageInfo header options))
+> where header = "Usage: ic [OPTION...] files..."
+
+-}
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