<indexterm><primary>packages</primary>
<secondary>using</secondary></indexterm>
- <para>To use a package, add the <literal>-package</literal> flag
- to the GHC command line:</para>
+ <para>Some packages are automatically available: you don't need
+ to specify any extra flags to use them (except in certain
+ circumstances; see below). All the packages which contain
+ hierarchical libraries fall into this category.</para>
+
+ <para>Some other packages are <emphasis>not</emphasis>
+ automatically available: those are normally the packages
+ containing old non-hierarchical libraries. To gain access to a
+ non-auto package, use the <option>-package</option> command-line
+ flag:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
+ <para>There's one case where you need to use the
+ <option>-package</option> option even for auto packages: when
+ linking a program in batch mode<footnote><para>This is because
+ GHC can't figure out from the object files which packages are
+ required; in <option>––make</option> mode and in
+ GHCi the compiler has more information available to figure out
+ the package dependencies. We might try to lift this restriction
+ in the future.</para></footnote>. For example, to link a
+ program consisting of objects <filename>Foo.o</filename> and
+ <filename>Main.o</filename>, where we made use of the
+ <literal>network</literal> package:</para>
+
+<screen>$ ghc -o myprog Foo.o Main.o -package network</screen>
+
<para>Some packages depend on other packages, for example the
<literal>text</literal> package makes use of some of the modules
in the <literal>lang</literal> package. The package system
<indexterm><primary><option>––config-file</option></primary>
</indexterm>
<listitem>
- <para>Use <replaceable>file</replaceable> instead of the
- default package configuration file. This, in conjunction
- with GHC's <option>-package-conf</option> option, allows
- a user to have a local set of packages in addition to the
- system-wide installed set.</para>
+ <para>Use <replaceable>file</replaceable> as an additional
+ package configuration file. This is used to modify
+ configuration files for use with GHC's
+ <option>-package-conf</option> option.</para>
+
+ <para>There may be any number of configuration files named
+ on the command line; files mentioned later on the
+ command-line override those mentioned earlier. The
+ <emphasis>last</emphasis> configuration file mentioned on
+ the command-line is the only one that is actually modified
+ by <literal>ghc-pkg</literal>.</para>
+
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<indexterm><primary><option>––list-packages</option></primary></indexterm>
<listitem>
<para>This option displays the list of currently installed
- packages.</para>
+ packages, including those in extra configuration files
+ specified with the <option>––config-file</option>
+ option.</para>
<screen>
$ ghc-pkg ––list-packages
- gmp, rts, std, lang, concurrent, data, net, posix, text, util
+ /usr/local/lib/ghc-5.05/package.conf:
+ hdirect, readline, lang, concurrent, posix, util, data, text, net,
+ hssource, rts, haskell98, network, haskell-src, unix, base
</screen>
<para>Note that your GHC installation might have a
slightly different set of packages installed.</para>
- <para>The <literal>gmp</literal> and
- <literal>rts</literal> packages are always present, and
- represent the multi-precision integer and runtime system
- libraries respectively. The <literal>std</literal>
- package contains the Haskell prelude and standard
- libraries. The rest of the packages are optional
- libraries.</para>
+ <para>The <literal>rts</literal> package is always
+ present, and represents the runtime system library. The
+ <literal>base</literal> package contains the Haskell
+ prelude and basic hierarchical libraries, and the
+ <literal>haskell98</literal> package contains the Haskell
+ 98 standard libraries. The rest of the packages are
+ optional libraries.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>––list-packages-local</option></term>
+ <term><option>-L</option></term>
+ <indexterm><primary><option>––list-packages-local</option></primary></indexterm>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Displays the list of packages installed in the
+ topmost configuration file only: that will be the
+ configuration file specified using <option>-f</option> on
+ the command line, or the system configuration file
+ otherwise.</para>
+
+ <para>This option may be more convenient than
+ <option>-l</option> when the output needs to be parsed by
+ a script.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<screen>
Package {
name = "mypkg",
+ auto = True,
import_dirs = ["${installdir}/imports/mypkg"],
source_dirs = [],
library_dirs = ["${installdir}"],
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>auto</literal></term>
+ <indexterm><primary><literal>auto</literal></primary>
+ <secondary>package specification</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Set to <literal>True</literal> if the package should
+ be automatically available (see <xref
+ linkend="using-packages">). This is normally set to
+ <literal>True</literal> for packages which contain
+ hierarchical libraries, because in that case there is no
+ danger of polluting the module namespace.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
<term><literal>import_dirs</literal></term>
<indexterm><primary><literal>import_dirs</literal></primary>
<secondary>package specification</secondary></indexterm>
<listitem>
<para>A list of directories containing interface files
(<literal>.hi</literal> files) for this package.</para>
+
+ <para>If the package contains profiling libraries, then
+ the interface files for those library modules should have
+ the suffix <literal>.p_hi</literal>. So the package can
+ contain both normal and profiling versions of the same
+ library without conflict (see also
+ <literal>library_dirs</literal> below).</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<indexterm><primary><literal>extra_ld_opts</literal></primary>
<secondary>package specification</secondary></indexterm>
<listitem>
- <para>Extra arguments to be added to the gcc command line
- (for linking) when this package is being used.</para>
+ <para>Extra arguments to be added to the
+ <command>gcc</command> command line (for linking) when
+ this package is being used.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>