X-Git-Url: http://git.megacz.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=GHC%2FBase.lhs;h=5b6a6768e0260e63a788d9d00808aa206b17f857;hb=b1f2e321ceac8fcfc1f0756e2f5c2585fbd00b3c;hp=e07e2109ff4e3a72d9e1e8f49032f300c0aad119;hpb=819adca5f17b40ee129e4a30edf685f817febbf9;p=ghc-base.git diff --git a/GHC/Base.lhs b/GHC/Base.lhs index e07e210..5b6a676 100644 --- a/GHC/Base.lhs +++ b/GHC/Base.lhs @@ -209,14 +209,22 @@ Instances of 'Functor' should satisfy the following laws: > fmap id == id > fmap (f . g) == fmap f . fmap g -The instances of 'Functor' for lists, 'Maybe' and 'IO' defined in the "Prelude" -satisfy these laws. +The instances of 'Functor' for lists, 'Data.Maybe.Maybe' and 'System.IO.IO' +defined in the "Prelude" satisfy these laws. -} class Functor f where fmap :: (a -> b) -> f a -> f b -{- | The 'Monad' class defines the basic operations over a /monad/. +{- | The 'Monad' class defines the basic operations over a /monad/, +a concept from a branch of mathematics known as /category theory/. +From the perspective of a Haskell programmer, however, it is best to +think of a monad as an /abstract datatype/ of actions. +Haskell's @do@ expressions provide a convenient syntax for writing +monadic expressions. + +Minimal complete definition: '>>=' and 'return'. + Instances of 'Monad' should satisfy the following laws: > return a >>= k == k a @@ -227,16 +235,26 @@ Instances of both 'Monad' and 'Functor' should additionally satisfy the law: > fmap f xs == xs >>= return . f -The instances of 'Monad' for lists, 'Maybe' and 'IO' defined in the "Prelude" -satisfy these laws. +The instances of 'Monad' for lists, 'Data.Maybe.Maybe' and 'System.IO.IO' +defined in the "Prelude" satisfy these laws. -} class Monad m where + -- | Sequentially compose two actions, passing any value produced + -- by the first as an argument to the second. (>>=) :: forall a b. m a -> (a -> m b) -> m b + -- | Sequentially compose two actions, discarding any value produced + -- by the first, like sequencing operators (such as the semicolon) + -- in imperative languages. (>>) :: forall a b. m a -> m b -> m b -- Explicit for-alls so that we know what order to -- give type arguments when desugaring + + -- | Inject a value into the monadic type. return :: a -> m a + -- | Fail with a message. This operation is not part of the + -- mathematical definition of a monad, but is invoked on pattern-match + -- failure in a @do@ expression. fail :: String -> m a m >> k = m >>= \_ -> k