X-Git-Url: http://git.megacz.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=docs%2Fusers_guide%2Fglasgow_exts.xml;h=ea313904faf870ca28e70554d6ea3e1ad42e717e;hb=e5b79a6988880d8757634683eefe2f03e45cdfc6;hp=43cfa4812fe58e948dfab19a9a417eb58c38cfb9;hpb=86f133444434f9890d1de10b49cf10d524336d20;p=ghc-hetmet.git diff --git a/docs/users_guide/glasgow_exts.xml b/docs/users_guide/glasgow_exts.xml index 43cfa48..ea31390 100644 --- a/docs/users_guide/glasgow_exts.xml +++ b/docs/users_guide/glasgow_exts.xml @@ -840,6 +840,19 @@ y) will not be coalesced. + + + +n+k patterns + + + +n+k pattern support is enabled by default. To disable +it, you can use the flag. + + + + @@ -1269,6 +1282,44 @@ definitions; you must define such a function in prefix form. + +Tuple sections + + + The flag enables Python-style partially applied + tuple constructors. For example, the following program + + (, True) + + is considered to be an alternative notation for the more unwieldy alternative + + \x -> (x, True) + +You can omit any combination of arguments to the tuple, as in the following + + (, "I", , , "Love", , 1337) + +which translates to + + \a b c d -> (a, "I", b, c, "Love", d, 1337) + + + + + If you have unboxed tuples enabled, tuple sections + will also be available for them, like so + + (# , True #) + +Because there is no unboxed unit tuple, the following expression + + (# #) + +continues to stand for the unboxed singleton tuple data constructor. + + + + Record field disambiguation @@ -2691,16 +2742,22 @@ GHC now allows stand-alone deriving declarations, enabled by The syntax is identical to that of an ordinary instance declaration apart from (a) the keyword deriving, and (b) the absence of the where part. -You must supply a context (in the example the context is (Eq a)), +Note the following points: + + +You must supply an explicit context (in the example the context is (Eq a)), exactly as you would in an ordinary instance declaration. -(In contrast the context is inferred in a deriving clause -attached to a data type declaration.) +(In contrast, in a deriving clause +attached to a data type declaration, the context is inferred.) + + A deriving instance declaration must obey the same rules concerning form and termination as ordinary instance declarations, controlled by the same flags; see . - - + + + Unlike a deriving declaration attached to a data declaration, the instance can be more specific than the data type (assuming you also use @@ -2714,8 +2771,31 @@ for example This will generate a derived instance for (Foo [a]) and (Foo (Maybe a)), but other types such as (Foo (Int,Bool)) will not be an instance of Eq. + + + +Unlike a deriving +declaration attached to a data declaration, +GHC does not restrict the form of the data type. Instead, GHC simply generates the appropriate +boilerplate code for the specified class, and typechecks it. If there is a type error, it is +your problem. (GHC will show you the offending code if it has a type error.) +The merit of this is that you can derive instances for GADTs and other exotic +data types, providing only that the boilerplate code does indeed typecheck. For example: + + data T a where + T1 :: T Int + T2 :: T Bool + + deriving instance Show (T a) + +In this example, you cannot say ... deriving( Show ) on the +data type declaration for T, +because T is a GADT, but you can generate +the instance declaration using stand-alone deriving. + + The stand-alone syntax is generalised for newtypes in exactly the same way that ordinary deriving clauses are generalised (). For example: @@ -2726,7 +2806,8 @@ For example: GHC always treats the last parameter of the instance (Foo in this example) as the type whose instance is being derived. - + +