--- /dev/null
+% ACMCONF DOCUMENT CLASS
+% adapted from ARTICLE document style by Ken Traub
+% Hacked for [preprint] option by Olin Shivers 4/91
+% Fixed up for LaTeX version 2e [compatibility mode] by Peter Lee 10/9
+% (with help from Simon Peyton Jones)
+% Converted to a LaTeX2e document class by David A. Berson 11/94
+%
+% ARTICLE DOCUMENT STYLE -- Released 16 March 1988
+% for LaTeX version 2.09
+% Copyright (C) 1988 by Leslie Lamport
+
+% To do:
+% - Possibly move the commands related to 9pt size to a file size9.clo
+% and write the stuff to unpack both acmconf.cls and size9.clo files
+% from a single distribution file.
+
+%%% ACMCONF is a document class for producing two-column camera-ready pages for
+%%% ACM conferences, according to ACM specifications. The main features of
+%%% this class are:
+%%%
+%%% 1) Two columns.
+%%% 2) Side and top margins of 4.5pc, bottom margin of 7.5pc, column gutter of
+%%% 2pc, hence columns are 20pc wide and 54pc tall. (6pc = 1in, approx)
+%%% 3) First page has title information, and an extra 4.5pc of space at the
+%%% bottom of the first column for the ACM copyright notice. (You must
+%%% use one of the commands \copyrightspace or \toappear{} to obtain this
+%%% space.)
+%%% 4) Text is 9pt on 10pt baselines; titles are 9pt bold sans-serif.
+%%% (The acmconf.sty from which acmconf.cls was derived actually uses
+%%% 9pt bold roman for section titles. Functionally, I have left this
+%%% as is. I have added a commented out alternate defination of
+%%% \acmtitlestyle that uses sans-serif) --DAB
+%%%
+%%% This document class supports a [preprint] class option that allows you
+%%% to run off a copy for a preprint -- with page numbers, "to appear"
+%%% information, and so forth. This is documented below.
+
+%%% There are a few restrictions you must observe:
+%%%
+%%% 1) You cannot change the font size; ACM wants you to use 9pt.
+%%% 3) You must start your paper with the \maketitle command. Prior to the
+%%% \maketitle you must have \title and \author commands. If you have a
+%%% \date command it will be ignored; no date appears on the paper, since
+%%% the proceedings will have a date on the front cover.
+%%% Optionally, you may have an \affiliation command with text, such
+%%% as company or university name and address, that will be centered
+%%% just below the author(s).
+%%% 4) Marginal paragraphs, tables of contents, lists of figures and tables,
+%%% and page headings are all forbidden.
+%%% 5) The `figure' environment will produce a figure one column wide; if you
+%%% want one that is two columns wide, use `figure*'. Ditto for the
+%%% `table' and `table*' environments.
+%%%
+%%% Page Headings:
+%%% Normally, \pagestyle commands are ignored --- pages have no headings or
+%%% numbers. ACM will number the pages for you when they are inserted into the
+%%% proceedings (you should put page numbers on the BACK of each page, though,
+%%% in case someone drops your paper on the floor).
+%%%
+%%% If the [preprint] option is present, then \pagestyle commands are obeyed,
+%%% and the default is \pagestyle{plain}. The [twoside] option is also
+%%% useful when using headers.
+%%%
+%%% The [draft] and [final] options as used in the article class are also
+%%% supported.
+%%%
+%%%
+%%% Copyright Space:
+%%% You leave space at the bottom of page 1/column 1 one with the
+%%% \copyrightspace command. Alternatively, you can use the
+%%% \toappear{...} command. Normally, this turns into an unnumbered
+%%% footnote 4.5pc high. If [preprint] is on, then this space is
+%%% filled with the {...} text; otherwise, it's blank. You must put
+%%% one of these commands in the text of page 1/column 1 *after* all the
+%%% other footnotes that go on page1/column 1, of course.
+%%%
+%%% A typical usage looks like this:
+%%% \toappear{To appear in the Ninth AES Conference on Midevil Lithuanian
+%%% Embalming Technique, June 1991, Alfaretta, Georgia.
+%%% Also available as Technical Report CMU-CS-91-119,
+%%% Cranberry Melon School of Cucumber Science.}
+%%% This will be included in the preprint, and left out of the conference
+%%% version.
+%%%
+%%% Acmconf defines two useful conditionals.
+%%% - \ifacmconf{true-stuff}{false-stuff}
+%%% expands to true-stuff.
+%%% - \ifpreprint true-stuff \else else-stuff \fi
+%%% expands to true-stuff if the [preprint] option is being used,
+%%% otherwise it expands to else-stuff.
+%%% \ifacmconf is a latex command; \ifpreprint is a real latex conditional.
+%%%
+%%% WARNING:
+%%% Some dvi-ps converters heuristically allow chars to drift from their
+%%% true positions a few pixels. This loses noticeably with the 9pt sans-serif
+%%% bold font used for section headers. You turn this hackery off in our
+%%% dvi-ps converters with the -e option:
+%%% dvips -e 0 foo.dvi >foo.ps
+
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesClass{acmconf}[1994/11/27 Alternative LaTeX document class]
+\typeout{Bugs to berson@cs.pitt.edu}
+
+%
+% Define the conditionals and command for the options.
+%
+\newif\if@acmconf\@acmconftrue
+\long\def\ifacmconf#1#2{\if@acmconf#1\else#2\fi}
+\newif\ifpreprint
+
+%
+% Declare and process the options
+%
+\DeclareOption{draft}{\PassOptionsToClass{draft}{article}}
+\DeclareOption{final}{\PassOptionsToClass{final}{article}}
+\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\PassOptionsToClass{twocolumn}{article}}
+\DeclareOption{twoside}{\PassOptionsToClass{twoside}{article}}
+\DeclareOption{preprint}{\preprintfalse}
+%\DeclareOption{preprint}{\preprinttrue}
+%
+% Let them off with just a warning for any other option
+%
+\DeclareOption*{\ClassWarningNoLine{acmconf}{Unknown option `\CurrentOption'}}
+%\DeclareOption*{\ClassError{acmconf}
+% {The `\CurrentOption' option is not supported}
+% {Remove the `\CurrentOption' option from the
+% \protect\documentclass\space line.}}
+
+\ExecuteOptions{twocolumn}
+\ProcessOptions
+
+%
+% This class simply modifies a few behaviors of the article class,
+% so load it now
+%
+\LoadClass{article}
+
+
+%**********************************************************************
+%
+% The following commands would normally be in a file such as
+% size9.clo for the article class. Since the size isn't really an
+% option, I include them here. I have followed the order of the commands
+% as found in size10.clo.
+%
+% I could test for the presence of % the file size9.clo and load it when
+% availale, instead of executing these commands.
+%
+
+%
+% Set the font sizes and spacing
+%
+\renewcommand\baselinestretch{1}
+
+\renewcommand\normalsize{%
+ \@setfontsize\normalsize\@ixpt\@xpt
+ \abovedisplayskip 9\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4.5\p@%
+ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@%
+ \belowdisplayshortskip 5.4\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@%
+ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+ \let\@listi\@listI}
+\normalsize
+\renewcommand\small{%
+ \@setfontsize\small\@viiipt{9}%
+ \abovedisplayskip 7.6\p@ \@plus 3\p@ \@minus 4\p@%
+ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@%
+ \belowdisplayshortskip 3.6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus 2\p@
+ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+ \topsep 4\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@
+ \parsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+ \itemsep \parsep}
+ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+}
+\renewcommand\footnotesize{%
+ \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@viipt{8}
+ \abovedisplayskip 6.4\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@%
+ \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus 1\p@%
+ \belowdisplayshortskip 2.7\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 2\p@
+ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+ \topsep 3\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+ \parsep 2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+ \itemsep \parsep}%
+ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
+}
+\renewcommand\scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt{8pt}}
+\renewcommand\tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt{6pt}}
+\renewcommand\large{\@setfontsize\large\@xipt{13.6\p@}}
+\renewcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xiipt{14\p@}}
+\renewcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xivpt{18\p@}}
+\renewcommand\huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xviipt{22\p@}}
+\renewcommand\Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxpt{25\p@}}
+
+\setlength\parindent{13.5\p@} % This is what normally used for one
+ % column. Should it be 1em for us?
+\setlength\headheight{0\p@}
+\setlength\headsep{0\p@}
+\setlength\headheight{0\p@}
+\setlength\headsep{0\p@}
+\setlength\footskip{30\p@}
+%
+% There was no \topskip or \@maxdepth in the original acmconf.sty.
+% Thus, we inherit
+%\topskip 10pt
+%\maxdepth .5\topskip
+% from size10.clo loaded via article.cls
+%
+\setlength\textwidth{39pc}
+\setlength\textheight{650\p@}
+\setlength\oddsidemargin{5.5pc}
+\addtolength\oddsidemargin{-1in} % Correct for LaTeX gratuittousness
+\setlength\evensidemargin{5.5pc}
+\addtolength\evensidemargin{-1in} % Correct for LaTeX gratuittousness
+\setlength\marginparwidth{0\p@} % Margin pars are not allowed.
+\setlength\marginparsep{11\p@}
+\setlength\marginparpush{5\p@}
+\setlength\topmargin{5.5pc}
+\addtolength\topmargin{-1in} % Correct for LaTeX gratuitousness
+%
+% I wonder if these next three lines should only be executed if
+% the preprint option is in effect? -- DAB
+%
+%% Must redefine the top margin so there's room for headers and
+%% page numbers if you are using the preprint option. Footers
+%% are OK as is. Olin.
+\addtolength\topmargin{-37\p@} % Leave 37pt above text for headers
+\setlength\headheight{12\p@}
+\setlength\headsep{25\p@}
+
+\setlength\footnotesep{5.6\p@}
+\setlength{\skip\footins}{8.1\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\floatsep{11\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\textfloatsep{18\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+\setlength\intextsep{11\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\dblfloatsep{11\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
+\setlength\dbltextfloatsep{18\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
+%
+% These values will be inherited from the default size10.clo file
+% included when we load the base article class. I include them
+% here for completeness in case we split out the size9.clo file someday.
+% --DAB
+\setlength\@fptop{0\p@ \@plus 1fil}
+\setlength\@fpsep{8\p@ \@plus 2fil}
+\setlength\@fpbot{0\p@ \@plus 1fil}
+\setlength\@dblfptop{0\p@ \@plus 1fil}
+\setlength\@dblfpsep{8\p@ \@plus 2fil}
+\setlength\@dblfpbot{0\p@ \@plus 1fil}
+\setlength\partopsep{2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@}
+%
+% I think that all of these should be renewcommands. I also think
+% that \setlength should be used. But, they are not in the size10.clo
+% file that I am following. --DAB
+%
+\renewcommand\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
+ \parsep 3.6\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 1\p@%
+ \topsep 7.2\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@%
+ \itemsep 3.6\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 1\p@}
+\let\@listi\@listI
+\@listi
+\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginii
+ \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+ \topsep 3.6\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 1\p@
+ \parsep 1.8\p@ \@plus 0.9\p@ \@minus 0.9\p@
+ \itemsep \parsep}
+\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginiii
+ \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+ \topsep 1.8\p@ plus 0.9\p@ minus 0.9\p@
+ \parsep \z@
+ \partopsep 1\p@ plus 0\p@ minus 1\p@
+ \itemsep \topsep}
+\def\@listiv {\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginiv
+ \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+\def\@listv {\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginv
+ \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+\def\@listvi {\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginvi
+ \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
+%
+% End of the "size9.clo" commands
+%**********************************************************************
+
+%
+% here's a few things that I didn't find in either article.cls or
+% size10.clo, so I left them here. --DAB
+%
+\setlength\columnsep{3pc} % Space between columns
+\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@} % Width of rule between columns.
+\hfuzz 1pt % Allow some variation in column width, otherwise it's
+ % too hard to typeset in narrow columns.
+
+
+%**********************************************************************
+%
+% Now we get on with overriding things found in article.cls
+%
+\setlength\parindent{13.5\p@}
+
+%
+% This command is used to format section headings. The format is the only
+% thing that differs between these section commands and the ones in
+% article.cls.
+%
+% Although the original documentation says that sans-serif is supposed to be
+% used for section titles, the file as I received uses roman. The
+% commented out line implements sans-serif. Be sure to comment out the
+% \bfseries line if you switch.
+% --DAB
+%
+\newcommand\@acmtitlestyle{\normalsize\bfseries}
+%\newcommand\@acmtitlestyle{\normalsize\sffamily}
+
+\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
+ {-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
+ {2.3ex \@plus .2ex}%
+ {\@acmtitlestyle}}
+\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+ {-3.25ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
+ {1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
+ {\@acmtitlestyle}}
+\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+ {-3.25ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
+ {1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
+ {\@acmtitlestyle}}
+\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+ {3.25ex \@plus 1ex \@minus .2ex}%
+ {-1em}%
+ {\@acmtitlestyle}}
+\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{4}{\parindent}%
+ {3.25ex \@plus 1ex \@minus .2ex}%
+ {-1em}%
+ {\@acmtitlestyle}}
+
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+
+\setlength\arraycolsep{4.5\p@}
+\setlength\tabcolsep{5.4\p@}
+\setlength\doublerulesep{1.8\p@}
+
+\setlength\fboxsep{2.7\p@}
+\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}
+
+\def\tableofcontents{\ClassError{acmconf}%
+ {\protect\tableofcontents: Tables of contents are not allowed in the `acmconf' document class}%
+ {Remove the \protect\tableofcontents\space command from the file}}
+
+\def\listoffigures{\ClassError{acmconf}%
+ {\protect\listoffigures: Lists of figures are not allowed in the `acmconf' document class}%
+ {Remove the \protect\listoffigures\space command from the file}}
+
+\def\listoftables{\ClassError{acmconf}%
+ {\protect\listoftables: Lists of tables are not allowed in the `acmconf' document class}%
+ {Remove the \protect\listoftables\space command from the file}}
+\let\l@table\l@figure
+
+%
+% Added \@makefntext definition so that the mark would not over print
+% the beginning of the \thanks text. --DAB
+%
+\def\maketitle{\par
+ \begingroup
+ \def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}%
+ \def\@makefnmark{\hbox to 0pt{$\m@th^{\@thefnmark}$\hss}}%
+ \long\def\@makefntext##1{\parindent 1em\noindent
+ \hbox to1.8em{\hss$\m@th^{\@thefnmark}$}##1}%
+ \if@twocolumn
+ \twocolumn[\@maketitle]
+ \else \newpage
+ \global\@topnum\z@ % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
+ \@maketitle \fi
+ \thispagestyle{plain}\@thanks % UE: Changed {empty} to {plain}
+ \endgroup
+ \setcounter{footnote}{0}
+ \let\maketitle\relax
+ \let\@maketitle\relax
+ \gdef\@thanks{}\gdef\@author{}\gdef\@title{}\gdef\@affili{}\let\thanks\relax}
+
+%
+% extra declarations needed for our version of @maketitle
+%
+\newbox\@acmtitlebox
+\gdef\affili{}
+\def\affiliation#1{\gdef\affili{#1}}
+
+%
+% The modified @maketitle
+%
+\def\@maketitle{\newpage
+ \null
+ \setbox\@acmtitlebox\vbox{%
+ \vskip 2em % Vertical space above title.
+ \begin{center}
+ {\LARGE \@title \par} % Title set in \LARGE size.
+ \vskip 1.5em % Vertical space after title.
+ {\large % each author set in \large, in a
+ \lineskip .5em % tabular environment
+ \begin{tabular}[t]{c}\@author
+ \end{tabular}\par}
+ \vskip 1em
+ \begin{center}
+ {\large \affili}
+ \end{center}
+ \vskip 1.5em % Vertical space after author.
+ \end{center}}
+ \dimen0=\ht\@acmtitlebox
+ \advance\dimen0 by -13.5pc\relax
+ \unvbox\@acmtitlebox
+ \ifdim\dimen0<0.0pt\relax\vskip-\dimen0\fi}
+
+\long\def\unmarkedfootnote#1{{\long\def\@makefntext##1{##1}\footnotetext{#1}}}
+
+%% Use one of \copyrightspace or \toappear{To appear in the ACM ...}
+\def\copyrightspace{\unmarkedfootnote{\vrule height 4.5pc
+ width 0in depth 0in}}
+
+%% \small is bigger than \footnotesize.
+\def\toappear#1%
+ {\ifpreprint \unmarkedfootnote{\vrule height 2.25pc%
+ depth 2.25pc width 0in%
+ \parbox{2.8in}{\small #1}}%
+ \else \copyrightspace \fi}
+
+\def\marginpar{\ClassError{acmconf}%
+ {The \protect\marginpar command is not allowed in the `acmconf' document class}%
+ {Remove the \protect\marginpar\space command from the file}}
+
+\mark{{}{}} % Initializes TeX's marks
+
+%% Headings are ignored unless the [preprint] option is in force.
+\ifpreprint\else % preprint off -- all \pagestyle commands ==> \pagestyle{empty}.
+% \let\ps@plain\ps@empty % UE: Commented this line out
+ \let\ps@headings\ps@empty
+ \let\ps@myheadings\ps@empty
+\fi
+
+\raggedbottom % Ragged bottom
+
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `acmconf.cls'.
--- /dev/null
+%
+% FIXME: - Add something about size limits on the constant pool
+% how we worked around that and the performance impact
+% of -o lessconstants
+% - Add something about encoding data sections as string constants
+% and the UTF8 non-7-bit-ascii penalty
+%
+
+\documentclass{acmconf}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath,epsfig,alltt}
+\sloppy % better line breaks
+\usepackage{palatino}
+\usepackage{parskip}
+\usepackage{tabularx}
+\usepackage{alltt}
+\bibliographystyle{alpha}
+
+\title{\textbf{\textsf{
+Running Legacy C/C++ Libraries in a Pure Java Environment
+}}}
+\date{}
+\author{\begin{tabular}{@{}c@{}}
+ {\em {Brian Alliet}} \\ \\
+ {{\it Affiliation Goes Here}}\relax
+ \end{tabular}\hskip 1in\begin{tabular}{@{}c@{}}
+ {\em {Adam Megacz}} \\ \\
+ {UC Berkeley}\relax
+\end{tabular}}
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{abstract}
+Abstract
+\end{abstract}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+\subsection{Why would you want to do this?}
+
+The C programming language has been around for over 30 years now.
+There is a huge library of software written in this language. By
+contrast, Java has been around for less than ten years. Although it
+offers substantial advantages over C, the set of libraries written in
+this language still lags behind C/C++.
+
+The typical solution to this dilemma is to use JNI or CNI to invoke C
+code from within a Java VM. Unfortunately, there are a number of
+situations in which this is not an acceptable solution:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Java Applets are not permitted to invoke {\tt Runtime.loadLibrary()}
+\item Java Servlet containers with a {\tt SecurityManager} will not
+ permit loading new JNI libraries. This configuration is popular
+ with {\it shared hosting} providers and corporate intranets
+ where a number of different parties contribute individual web
+ applications which are run together in a single container.
+\item JNI requires the native library to be compiled ahead of time,
+ separately, for every architecture on which it will be deployed.
+ This is unworkable for situations in which the full set of
+ target architectures is not known at deployment time.
+\item The increasingly popular J2ME platform does not support JNI or CNI.
+\item Unlike Java Bytecode, JNI code is susceptible to buffer overflow
+ and heap corruption attacks. This can be a major security
+ vulnerability.
+\item JNI often introduces undesirable added complexity to an
+ application.
+\end{itemize}
+
+The technique we present here is based on using a typical ANSI C
+compiler to compile C/C++ code into a MIPS binary, and then using a
+tool to translate that binary on an instruction-by-instruction basis
+into Java bytecode.
+
+The technique presented here is general; we anticipate that it can be
+applied to other secure virtual machines such as Microsoft's .NET.
+
+
+\section{Existing Work: Source-to-Source Translation}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item c2java
+\item commercial products
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Mips2Java: Binary-to-Binary Translation}
+
+We present Mips2Java, a binary-to-binary translation tool to convert
+MIPS binaries into Java bytecode files.
+
+The process of utilizing Mips2Java begins by using any compiler for
+any language to compile the source library into a statically linked
+MIPS binary. We used {\tt gcc 3.3.3}, but any compiler which can
+target the MIPS platform should be acceptable. The binary is
+statically linked with a system library (in the case of C code this is
+{\tt libc}) which translates system requests (such as {\tt open()},
+{\tt read()}, or {\tt write()}) into appropriate invocations of the
+MIPS {\tt SYSCALL} instruction.
+
+The statically linked MIPS binary is then fed to the Mips2Java tool
+(which is itself written in Java), which emits a sequence of Java
+Bytecodes in the form of a {\tt .class} file equivalent to the
+provided binary. This {\tt .class} file contains a single class which
+implements the {\tt Runtime} interface. This class may then be
+instantiated; invoking the {\tt execute()} method is equivalent to
+invoking the {\tt main()} function in the original binary.
+
+
+\subsection{Why MIPS?}
+
+We chose MIPS as a source format for two primary reasons: the
+availability of tools to translate legacy code into MIPS binaries, and
+the close similarity between the MIPS ISA and the Java Virtual Machine.
+
+The MIPS architecture has been around for quite some time, and is well
+supported by the GNU Compiler Collection, which is capable of
+compiling C, C++, Java, Fortran, Pascal (with p2c), and Objective C
+into MIPS binaries.
+
+The MIPS R1000 ISA bears a striking similarity to the Java Virtual
+Machine. This early revision of the MIPS supports only 32-bit aligned
+loads and stores from memory, which is precisely the access model
+supported by Java for {\tt int[]}s.
+
+Cover dynamic page allocation.
+
+Cover stack setup.
+
+Brian, are there any other fortunate similarities we should mention
+here? I seem to remember there being a bunch, but I can't recall them
+right now; it's been a while since I dealt with this stuff in detail.
+
+
+\subsection{Interpreter}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item slow, but easy to write
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsection{Compiling to Java Source}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item performance boost
+\item pushes the limits of {\tt javac} and {\tt jikes}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Compiling directly to Java Bytecode}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item further performance boost (quantify)
+\item brian, can you add any comments here?
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{Interfacing with Java Code}
+
+Java source code can create a copy of the translated binary by
+instantiating the corresponding class, which extends {\tt Runtime}.
+Invoking the {\tt main()} method on this class is equivalent to
+calling the {\tt main()} function within the binary; the {\tt String}
+arguments to this function are copied into the binary's memory space
+and made available as {\tt argv**} and {\tt argc}.
+
+The translated binary communicates with the rest of the VM by
+executing MIPS {\tt SYSCALL} instructions, which are translated into
+invocations of the {\tt syscall()} method. This calls back to the
+native Java world, which can manipulate the binary's environment by
+reading and writing to its memory space, checking its exit status,
+pausing the VM, and restarting the VM.
+
+
+\subsection{Virtualization}
+
+The {\tt Runtime} class implements the majority of the standard {\tt
+libc} syscalls, providing a complete interface to the filesystem,
+network socket library, time of day, (Brian: what else goes here?).
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item ability to provide the same interface to CNI code and mips2javaified code
+\item security advantages (chroot the {\tt fork()}ed process)
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Related Work}
+
+\subsection{Source-to-Source translators}
+
+A number of commercial products and research projects attempt to
+translate C++ code to Java code, preserving the mapping of C++ classes
+to Java classes. Unfortunately this is problematic since there is no
+way to do pointer arithmetic except within arrays, and even in that
+case, arithmetic cannot be done in terms of fractional objects.
+
+Mention gcc backend
+
+c2java
+
+Many of these products advise the user to tweak the code which results
+from the translation. Unfortunately, hand-modifying machine-generated
+code is generally a bad idea, since this modification cannot be
+automated. This means that every time the origin code changes, the
+code generator must be re-run, and the hand modifications must be
+performed yet again. This is an error-prone process.
+
+Furthermore, Mips2Java does not attempt to read C code directly. This
+frees it from the complex task of faithfully implementing the ANSI C
+standard (or, in the case of non ANSI-C compliant code, some other
+interface). This also saves the user the chore of altering their
+build process to accomodate Mips2Java.
+
+
+\section{Performance}
+
+\subsection{Charts}
+
+(Note that none of these libraries have pure-Java equivalents.)
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item libjpeg
+\item libfreetype
+\item libmspack
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\subsection{Optimizations}
+
+Brian, can you write something to go here? Just mention which
+optimizations helped and which ones hurt.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item trampoline
+\item optimal method size
+\item -msingle-float
+\item -mmemcpy
+\item fastmem
+\item local vars for registers (useless)
+\item -fno-rename-registers
+\item -ffast-math
+\item -fno-trapping-math
+\item -fsingle-precision-constant
+\item -mfused-madd
+\item -freg-struct-return
+\item -freduce-all-givs
+\item -fno-peephole
+\item -fno-peephole2
+\item -fmove-all-movables
+\item -fno-sched-spec-load
+\item -fno-sched-spec
+\item -fno-schedule-insns
+\item -fno-schedule-insns2
+\item -fno-delayed-branch
+\item -fno-function-cse
+\item -ffunction-sections
+\item -fdata-sections
+\item array bounds checking
+\item -falign-functions=n
+\item -falign-labels=n
+\item -falign-loops=n
+\item -falign-jumps=n
+\item -fno-function-cse
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Future Directions}
+
+World domination.
+
+\section{Conclusion}
+
+We rock the hizzouse.
+
+\section{References}
+
+Yer mom.
+
+\end{document}
+
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