TcSplice: Template Haskell splices
\begin{code}
-{-# OPTIONS_GHC -w #-}
+{-# OPTIONS -w #-}
-- The above warning supression flag is a temporary kludge.
-- While working on this module you are encouraged to remove it and fix
-- any warnings in the module. See
--- http://hackage.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/WorkingConventions#Warnings
+-- http://hackage.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/Commentary/CodingStyle#Warnings
-- for details
module TcSplice( tcSpliceExpr, tcSpliceDecls, tcBracket ) where
import Unique
import DynFlags
import PackageConfig
+import Maybe
import BasicTypes
import Panic
import FastString
import GHC.Exts ( unsafeCoerce#, Int#, Int(..) )
import Control.Monad ( liftM )
+import qualified Control.Exception as Exception( userErrors )
\end{code}
+Note [Template Haskell levels]
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+* Imported things are impLevel (= 0)
+
+* In GHCi, variables bound by a previous command are treated
+ as impLevel, because we have bytecode for them.
+
+* Variables are bound at the "current level"
+
+* The current level starts off at topLevel (= 1)
+
+* The level is decremented by splicing $(..)
+ incremented by brackets [| |]
+ incremented by name-quoting 'f
+
+When a variable is used, we compare
+ bind: binding level, and
+ use: current level at usage site
+
+ Generally
+ bind > use Always error (bound later than used)
+ [| \x -> $(f x) |]
+
+ bind = use Always OK (bound same stage as used)
+ [| \x -> $(f [| x |]) |]
+
+ bind < use Inside brackets, it depends
+ Inside splice, OK
+ Inside neither, OK
+
+ For (bind < use) inside brackets, there are three cases:
+ - Imported things OK f = [| map |]
+ - Top-level things OK g = [| f |]
+ - Non-top-level Only if there is a liftable instance
+ h = \(x:Int) -> [| x |]
+
+See Note [What is a top-level Id?]
+
+Note [Quoting names]
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+A quoted name 'n is a bit like a quoted expression [| n |], except that we
+have no cross-stage lifting (c.f. TcExpr.thBrackId). So, after incrementing
+the use-level to account for the brackets, the cases are:
+
+ bind > use Error
+ bind = use OK
+ bind < use
+ Imported things OK
+ Top-level things OK
+ Non-top-level Error
+
+See Note [What is a top-level Id?] in TcEnv. Examples:
+
+ f 'map -- OK; also for top-level defns of this module
+
+ \x. f 'x -- Not ok (whereas \x. f [| x |] might have been ok, by
+ -- cross-stage lifting
+
+ \y. [| \x. $(f 'y) |] -- Not ok (same reason)
+
+ [| \x. $(f 'x) |] -- OK
+
+
+Note [What is a top-level Id?]
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+In the level-control criteria above, we need to know what a "top level Id" is.
+There are three kinds:
+ * Imported from another module (GlobalId, ExternalName)
+ * Bound at the top level of this module (ExternalName)
+ * In GHCi, bound by a previous stmt (GlobalId)
+It's strange that there is no one criterion tht picks out all three, but that's
+how it is right now. (The obvious thing is to give an ExternalName to GHCi Ids
+bound in an earlier Stmt, but what module would you choose? See
+Note [Interactively-bound Ids in GHCi] in TcRnDriver.)
+
+The predicate we use is TcEnv.thTopLevelId.
+
%************************************************************************
%* *
getLIEVar `thenM` \ lie_var ->
setStage (Brack next_level pending_splices lie_var) (
- getLIE (tc_bracket brack)
+ getLIE (tc_bracket next_level brack)
) `thenM` \ (meta_ty, lie) ->
tcSimplifyBracket lie `thenM_`
returnM (noLoc (HsBracketOut brack pendings))
}
-tc_bracket :: HsBracket Name -> TcM TcType
-tc_bracket (VarBr v)
- = tcMetaTy nameTyConName -- Result type is Var (not Q-monadic)
+tc_bracket :: ThLevel -> HsBracket Name -> TcM TcType
+tc_bracket use_lvl (VarBr name) -- Note [Quoting names]
+ = do { thing <- tcLookup name
+ ; case thing of
+ AGlobal _ -> return ()
+ ATcId { tct_level = bind_lvl, tct_id = id }
+ | thTopLevelId id -- C.f thTopLevelId case of
+ -> keepAliveTc id -- TcExpr.thBrackId
+ | otherwise
+ -> do { checkTc (use_lvl == bind_lvl)
+ (quotedNameStageErr name) }
+ other -> pprPanic "th_bracket" (ppr name)
+
+ ; tcMetaTy nameTyConName -- Result type is Var (not Q-monadic)
+ }
-tc_bracket (ExpBr expr)
- = newFlexiTyVarTy liftedTypeKind `thenM` \ any_ty ->
- tcMonoExpr expr any_ty `thenM_`
- tcMetaTy expQTyConName
+tc_bracket use_lvl (ExpBr expr)
+ = do { any_ty <- newFlexiTyVarTy liftedTypeKind
+ ; tcMonoExpr expr any_ty
+ ; tcMetaTy expQTyConName }
-- Result type is Expr (= Q Exp)
-tc_bracket (TypBr typ)
- = tcHsSigType ExprSigCtxt typ `thenM_`
- tcMetaTy typeQTyConName
+tc_bracket use_lvl (TypBr typ)
+ = do { tcHsSigType ExprSigCtxt typ
+ ; tcMetaTy typeQTyConName }
-- Result type is Type (= Q Typ)
-tc_bracket (DecBr decls)
+tc_bracket use_lvl (DecBr decls)
= do { tcTopSrcDecls emptyModDetails decls
-- Typecheck the declarations, dicarding the result
-- We'll get all that stuff later, when we splice it in
-- Result type is Q [Dec]
}
-tc_bracket (PatBr _)
+tc_bracket use_lvl (PatBr _)
= failWithTc (ptext SLIT("Tempate Haskell pattern brackets are not supported yet"))
+
+quotedNameStageErr v
+ = sep [ ptext SLIT("Stage error: the non-top-level quoted name") <+> ppr (VarBr v)
+ , ptext SLIT("must be used at the same stage at which is is bound")]
\end{code}
Right hval -> do
{ -- Coerce it to Q t, and run it
+
-- Running might fail if it throws an exception of any kind (hence tryAllM)
-- including, say, a pattern-match exception in the code we are running
--
-- exception-cacthing thing so that if there are any lurking
-- exceptions in the data structure returned by hval, we'll
-- encounter them inside the try
- either_th_syn <- tryAllM $ tryM $ TH.runQ $ unsafeCoerce# hval
- ; case either_th_syn of
- Left exn -> failWithTc (mk_msg "run" exn)
- Right (Left exn) -> failM -- Error already in Tc monad
- Right (Right th_syn) -> do
- { either_hs_syn <- tryAllM $ return $! convert (getLoc expr) th_syn
- ; case either_hs_syn of
- Left exn -> failWithTc (mk_msg "interpret result of" exn)
- Right (Left err) -> do { addErrTc err; failM }
- Right (Right hs_syn) -> return hs_syn
- }}}}
+ --
+ -- See Note [Exceptions in TH]
+ either_tval <- tryAllM $ do
+ { th_syn <- TH.runQ (unsafeCoerce# hval)
+ ; case convert (getLoc expr) th_syn of
+ Left err -> failWithTc err
+ Right hs_syn -> return hs_syn }
+
+ ; case either_tval of
+ Right v -> return v
+ Left exn | Just s <- Exception.userErrors exn
+ , s == "IOEnv failure"
+ -> failM -- Error already in Tc monad
+ | otherwise -> failWithTc (mk_msg "run" exn) -- Exception
+ }}}
where
mk_msg s exn = vcat [text "Exception when trying to" <+> text s <+> text "compile-time code:",
nest 2 (text (Panic.showException exn)),
nest 2 (text "Code:" <+> ppr expr)]
\end{code}
+Note [Exceptions in TH]
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Supppose we have something like this
+ $( f 4 )
+where
+ f :: Int -> Q [Dec]
+ f n | n>3 = fail "Too many declarations"
+ | otherwise = ...
+
+The 'fail' is a user-generated failure, and should be displayed as a
+perfectly ordinary compiler error message, not a panic or anything
+like that. Here's how it's processed:
+
+ * 'fail' is the monad fail. The monad instance for Q in TH.Syntax
+ effectively transforms (fail s) to
+ qReport True s >> fail
+ where 'qReport' comes from the Quasi class and fail from its monad
+ superclass.
+
+ * The TcM monad is an instance of Quasi (see TcSplice), and it implements
+ (qReport True s) by using addErr to add an error message to the bag of errors.
+ The 'fail' in TcM raises a UserError, with the uninteresting string
+ "IOEnv failure"
+
+ * So, when running a splice, we catch all exceptions; then for
+ - a UserError "IOEnv failure", we assume the error is already
+ in the error-bag (above)
+ - other errors, we add an error to the bag
+ and then fail
+
+
To call runQ in the Tc monad, we need to make TcM an instance of Quasi:
\begin{code}
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