Fix scoped type variables for expression type signatures

[ghc-hetmet.git] / docs / users_guide / glasgow_exts.xml

diff --git a/docs/users_guide/glasgow_exts.xml b/docs/users_guide/glasgow_exts.xml
index afb4447..f8ad5c1 100644 (file)
--- a/docs/users_guide/glasgow_exts.xml
+++ b/docs/users_guide/glasgow_exts.xml
@@ -3301,6 +3301,7 @@ changing the program.</para></listitem>
 A <emphasis>lexically scoped type variable</emphasis> can be bound by:
 <itemizedlist>
 <listitem><para>A declaration type signature (<xref linkend="decl-type-sigs"/>)</para></listitem>
+<listitem><para>An expression type signature (<xref linkend="exp-type-sigs"/>)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>A pattern type signature (<xref linkend="pattern-type-sigs"/>)</para></listitem>
 <listitem><para>Class and instance declarations (<xref linkend="cls-inst-scoped-tyvars"/>)</para></listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
@@ -3352,6 +3353,23 @@ quantification rules.
 </para>
 </sect3>
 
+<sect3 id="exp-type-sigs">
+<title>Expression type signatures</title>
+
+<para>An expression type signature that has <emphasis>explicit</emphasis>
+quantification (using <literal>forall</literal>) brings into scope the
+explicitly-quantified
+type variables, in the annotated expression.  For example:
+<programlisting>
+  f = runST ( (op >>= \(x :: STRef s Int) -> g x) :: forall s. ST s Bool )
+</programlisting>
+Here, the type signature <literal>forall a. ST s Bool</literal> brings the 
+type variable <literal>s</literal> into scope, in the annotated expression 
+<literal>(op >>= \(x :: STRef s Int) -> g x)</literal>.
+</para>
+
+</sect3>
+
 <sect3 id="pattern-type-sigs">
 <title>Pattern type signatures</title>
 <para>
@@ -3360,7 +3378,7 @@ signature</emphasis>.
 For example:
 <programlisting>
   -- f and g assume that 'a' is already in scope
-  f = \(x::Int, y) -> x
+  f = \(x::Int, y::a) -> x
   g (x::a) = x
   h ((x,y) :: (Int,Bool)) = (y,x)
 </programlisting>
@@ -3778,9 +3796,9 @@ pattern binding must have the same context.  For example, this is fine:
 <!-- ====================== Generalised algebraic data types =======================  -->
 
 <sect1 id="gadt">
-<title>Generalised Algebraic Data Types</title>
+<title>Generalised Algebraic Data Types (GADTs)</title>
 
-<para>Generalised Algebraic Data Types (GADTs) generalise ordinary algebraic data types by allowing you
+<para>Generalised Algebraic Data Types generalise ordinary algebraic data types by allowing you
 to give the type signatures of constructors explicitly.  For example:
 <programlisting>
   data Term a where
@@ -3801,7 +3819,12 @@ for these <literal>Terms</literal>:
   eval (If b e1 e2) = if eval b then eval e1 else eval e2
   eval (Pair e1 e2) = (eval e1, eval e2)
 </programlisting>
-These and many other examples are given in papers by Hongwei Xi, and Tim Sheard.
+These and many other examples are given in papers by Hongwei Xi, and
+Tim Sheard. There is a longer introduction
+<ulink url="http://haskell.org/haskellwiki/GADT">on the wiki</ulink>,
+and Ralf Hinze's
+<ulink url="http://www.informatik.uni-bonn.de/~ralf/publications/With.pdf">Fun with phantom types</ulink> also has a number of examples. Note that papers
+may use different notation to that implemented in GHC.
 </para>
 <para>
 The rest of this section outlines the extensions to GHC that support GADTs.