\begin{code}
module SimplUtils (
- simplBinder, simplBinders, simplIds,
- tryRhsTyLam, tryEtaExpansion,
- mkCase, findAlt, findDefault,
+ mkLam, prepareAlts, mkCase,
+
+ -- Inlining,
+ preInlineUnconditionally, postInlineUnconditionally, activeInline, activeRule,
+ inlineMode,
-- The continuation type
- SimplCont(..), DupFlag(..), contIsDupable, contResultType,
- countValArgs, countArgs, mkRhsStop, mkStop,
- getContArgs, interestingCallContext, interestingArg, isStrictType, discardInline
+ SimplCont(..), DupFlag(..), LetRhsFlag(..),
+ contIsDupable, contResultType,
+ countValArgs, countArgs, pushContArgs,
+ mkBoringStop, mkRhsStop, contIsRhs, contIsRhsOrArg,
+ getContArgs, interestingCallContext, interestingArg, isStrictType
) where
#include "HsVersions.h"
-import CmdLineOpts ( switchIsOn, SimplifierSwitch(..),
- opt_SimplDoLambdaEtaExpansion, opt_SimplCaseMerge, opt_DictsStrict,
- opt_UF_UpdateInPlace
- )
+import SimplEnv
+import DynFlags ( SimplifierSwitch(..), SimplifierMode(..),
+ DynFlag(..), dopt )
+import StaticFlags ( opt_UF_UpdateInPlace, opt_SimplNoPreInlining,
+ opt_RulesOff )
import CoreSyn
-import CoreUtils ( exprIsTrivial, cheapEqExpr, exprType, exprIsCheap, etaExpand, exprEtaExpandArity, bindNonRec )
-import Subst ( InScopeSet, mkSubst, substBndrs, substBndr, substIds, substExpr )
-import Id ( idType, idName,
- idUnfolding, idStrictness,
- mkVanillaId, idInfo
+import CoreFVs ( exprFreeVars )
+import CoreUtils ( cheapEqExpr, exprType, exprIsTrivial, exprIsCheap,
+ etaExpand, exprEtaExpandArity, bindNonRec, mkCoerce2,
+ findDefault, exprOkForSpeculation, exprIsHNF
+ )
+import Literal ( mkStringLit )
+import CoreUnfold ( smallEnoughToInline )
+import MkId ( eRROR_ID )
+import Id ( idType, isDataConWorkId, idOccInfo, isDictId,
+ mkSysLocal, isDeadBinder, idNewDemandInfo, isExportedId,
+ idUnfolding, idNewStrictness, idInlinePragma,
)
-import IdInfo ( StrictnessInfo(..) )
-import Maybes ( maybeToBool, catMaybes )
-import Name ( setNameUnique )
-import Demand ( isStrict )
+import NewDemand ( isStrictDmd, isBotRes, splitStrictSig )
import SimplMonad
-import Type ( Type, mkForAllTys, seqType, repType,
- splitTyConApp_maybe, tyConAppArgs, mkTyVarTys,
- isDictTy, isDataType, isUnLiftedType,
- splitRepFunTys
+import Type ( Type, splitFunTys, dropForAlls, isStrictType,
+ splitTyConApp_maybe, tyConAppArgs, mkTyVarTys
)
-import TyCon ( tyConDataConsIfAvailable )
-import DataCon ( dataConRepArity )
-import VarEnv ( SubstEnv )
+import Name ( mkSysTvName )
+import TyCon ( tyConDataCons_maybe, isAlgTyCon, isNewTyCon )
+import DataCon ( dataConRepArity, dataConTyVars, dataConInstArgTys, isVanillaDataCon )
+import Var ( tyVarKind, mkTyVar )
+import VarSet
+import BasicTypes ( TopLevelFlag(..), isNotTopLevel, OccInfo(..), isLoopBreaker, isOneOcc,
+ Activation, isAlwaysActive, isActive )
import Util ( lengthExceeds )
import Outputable
\end{code}
\begin{code}
data SimplCont -- Strict contexts
= Stop OutType -- Type of the result
- Bool -- True => This is the RHS of a thunk whose type suggests
- -- that update-in-place would be possible
- -- (This makes the inliner a little keener.)
+ LetRhsFlag
+ Bool -- True <=> This is the RHS of a thunk whose type suggests
+ -- that update-in-place would be possible
+ -- (This makes the inliner a little keener.)
| CoerceIt OutType -- The To-type, simplified
SimplCont
SimplCont -- keen to inline itelf
| ApplyTo DupFlag
- InExpr SubstEnv -- The argument, as yet unsimplified,
- SimplCont -- and its subst-env
+ InExpr SimplEnv -- The argument, as yet unsimplified,
+ SimplCont -- and its environment
| Select DupFlag
- InId [InAlt] SubstEnv -- The case binder, alts, and subst-env
+ InId [InAlt] SimplEnv -- The case binder, alts, and subst-env
SimplCont
- | ArgOf DupFlag -- An arbitrary strict context: the argument
+ | ArgOf LetRhsFlag -- An arbitrary strict context: the argument
-- of a strict function, or a primitive-arg fn
-- or a PrimOp
+ -- No DupFlag because we never duplicate it
+ OutType -- arg_ty: type of the argument itself
OutType -- cont_ty: the type of the expression being sought by the context
-- f (error "foo") ==> coerce t (error "foo")
-- when f is strict
-- We need to know the type t, to which to coerce.
- (OutExpr -> SimplM OutExprStuff) -- What to do with the result
+
+ (SimplEnv -> OutExpr -> SimplM FloatsWithExpr) -- What to do with the result
-- The result expression in the OutExprStuff has type cont_ty
+data LetRhsFlag = AnArg -- It's just an argument not a let RHS
+ | AnRhs -- It's the RHS of a let (so please float lets out of big lambdas)
+
+instance Outputable LetRhsFlag where
+ ppr AnArg = ptext SLIT("arg")
+ ppr AnRhs = ptext SLIT("rhs")
+
instance Outputable SimplCont where
- ppr (Stop _ _) = ptext SLIT("Stop")
+ ppr (Stop ty is_rhs _) = ptext SLIT("Stop") <> brackets (ppr is_rhs) <+> ppr ty
ppr (ApplyTo dup arg se cont) = (ptext SLIT("ApplyTo") <+> ppr dup <+> ppr arg) $$ ppr cont
- ppr (ArgOf dup _ _) = ptext SLIT("ArgOf...") <+> ppr dup
+ ppr (ArgOf _ _ _ _) = ptext SLIT("ArgOf...")
ppr (Select dup bndr alts se cont) = (ptext SLIT("Select") <+> ppr dup <+> ppr bndr) $$
(nest 4 (ppr alts)) $$ ppr cont
ppr (CoerceIt ty cont) = (ptext SLIT("CoerceIt") <+> ppr ty) $$ ppr cont
-------------------
-mkRhsStop, mkStop :: OutType -> SimplCont
-mkStop ty = Stop ty False
-mkRhsStop ty = Stop ty (canUpdateInPlace ty)
+mkBoringStop, mkRhsStop :: OutType -> SimplCont
+mkBoringStop ty = Stop ty AnArg (canUpdateInPlace ty)
+mkRhsStop ty = Stop ty AnRhs (canUpdateInPlace ty)
+contIsRhs :: SimplCont -> Bool
+contIsRhs (Stop _ AnRhs _) = True
+contIsRhs (ArgOf AnRhs _ _ _) = True
+contIsRhs other = False
+
+contIsRhsOrArg (Stop _ _ _) = True
+contIsRhsOrArg (ArgOf _ _ _ _) = True
+contIsRhsOrArg other = False
-------------------
contIsDupable :: SimplCont -> Bool
-contIsDupable (Stop _ _) = True
+contIsDupable (Stop _ _ _) = True
contIsDupable (ApplyTo OkToDup _ _ _) = True
-contIsDupable (ArgOf OkToDup _ _) = True
contIsDupable (Select OkToDup _ _ _ _) = True
contIsDupable (CoerceIt _ cont) = contIsDupable cont
-contIsDupable (InlinePlease cont) = contIsDupable cont
-contIsDupable other = False
-
--------------------
-discardInline :: SimplCont -> SimplCont
-discardInline (InlinePlease cont) = cont
-discardInline (ApplyTo d e s cont) = ApplyTo d e s (discardInline cont)
-discardInline cont = cont
+contIsDupable (InlinePlease cont) = contIsDupable cont
+contIsDupable other = False
-------------------
discardableCont :: SimplCont -> Bool
-discardableCont (Stop _ _) = False
+discardableCont (Stop _ _ _) = False
discardableCont (CoerceIt _ cont) = discardableCont cont
discardableCont (InlinePlease cont) = discardableCont cont
discardableCont other = True
discardCont :: SimplCont -- A continuation, expecting
-> SimplCont -- Replace the continuation with a suitable coerce
discardCont cont = case cont of
- Stop to_ty _ -> cont
- other -> CoerceIt to_ty (mkStop to_ty)
+ Stop to_ty is_rhs _ -> cont
+ other -> CoerceIt to_ty (mkBoringStop to_ty)
where
to_ty = contResultType cont
-------------------
contResultType :: SimplCont -> OutType
-contResultType (Stop to_ty _) = to_ty
-contResultType (ArgOf _ to_ty _) = to_ty
+contResultType (Stop to_ty _ _) = to_ty
+contResultType (ArgOf _ _ to_ty _) = to_ty
contResultType (ApplyTo _ _ _ cont) = contResultType cont
contResultType (CoerceIt _ cont) = contResultType cont
contResultType (InlinePlease cont) = contResultType cont
countArgs :: SimplCont -> Int
countArgs (ApplyTo _ arg se cont) = 1 + countArgs cont
countArgs other = 0
+
+-------------------
+pushContArgs :: SimplEnv -> [OutArg] -> SimplCont -> SimplCont
+-- Pushes args with the specified environment
+pushContArgs env [] cont = cont
+pushContArgs env (arg : args) cont = ApplyTo NoDup arg env (pushContArgs env args cont)
\end{code}
\begin{code}
-getContArgs :: OutId -> SimplCont
- -> SimplM ([(InExpr, SubstEnv, Bool)], -- Arguments; the Bool is true for strict args
- SimplCont, -- Remaining continuation
- Bool) -- Whether we came across an InlineCall
+getContArgs :: SwitchChecker
+ -> OutId -> SimplCont
+ -> ([(InExpr, SimplEnv, Bool)], -- Arguments; the Bool is true for strict args
+ SimplCont, -- Remaining continuation
+ Bool) -- Whether we came across an InlineCall
-- getContArgs id k = (args, k', inl)
-- args are the leading ApplyTo items in k
-- (i.e. outermost comes first)
-- augmented with demand info from the functionn
-getContArgs fun orig_cont
- = getSwitchChecker `thenSmpl` \ chkr ->
- let
+getContArgs chkr fun orig_cont
+ = let
-- Ignore strictness info if the no-case-of-case
-- flag is on. Strictness changes evaluation order
-- and that can change full laziness
-- * (error "Hello") arg
-- * f (error "Hello") where f is strict
-- etc
+ -- Then, especially in the first of these cases, we'd like to discard
+ -- the continuation, leaving just the bottoming expression. But the
+ -- type might not be right, so we may have to add a coerce.
go acc ss inl cont
- | null ss && discardableCont cont = tick BottomFound `thenSmpl_`
- returnSmpl (reverse acc, discardCont cont, inl)
- | otherwise = returnSmpl (reverse acc, cont, inl)
+ | null ss && discardableCont cont = (reverse acc, discardCont cont, inl)
+ | otherwise = (reverse acc, cont, inl)
----------------------------
vanilla_stricts, computed_stricts :: [Bool]
computed_stricts = zipWith (||) fun_stricts arg_stricts
----------------------------
- (val_arg_tys, _) = splitRepFunTys (idType fun)
+ (val_arg_tys, _) = splitFunTys (dropForAlls (idType fun))
arg_stricts = map isStrictType val_arg_tys ++ repeat False
-- These argument types are used as a cheap and cheerful way to find
-- unboxed arguments, which must be strict. But it's an InType
-- and so there might be a type variable where we expect a function
-- type (the substitution hasn't happened yet). And we don't bother
-- doing the type applications for a polymorphic function.
- -- Hence the split*Rep*FunTys
+ -- Hence the splitFunTys*IgnoringForAlls*
----------------------------
-- If fun_stricts is finite, it means the function returns bottom
-- after that number of value args have been consumed
-- Otherwise it's infinite, extended with False
fun_stricts
- = case idStrictness fun of
- StrictnessInfo demands result_bot
+ = case splitStrictSig (idNewStrictness fun) of
+ (demands, result_info)
| not (demands `lengthExceeds` countValArgs orig_cont)
-> -- Enough args, use the strictness given.
-- For bottoming functions we used to pretend that the arg
-- top-level bindings for (say) strings into
-- calls to error. But now we are more careful about
-- inlining lone variables, so its ok (see SimplUtils.analyseCont)
- if result_bot then
- map isStrict demands -- Finite => result is bottom
+ if isBotRes result_info then
+ map isStrictDmd demands -- Finite => result is bottom
else
- map isStrict demands ++ vanilla_stricts
+ map isStrictDmd demands ++ vanilla_stricts
other -> vanilla_stricts -- Not enough args, or no strictness
-
--------------------
-isStrictType :: Type -> Bool
- -- isStrictType computes whether an argument (or let RHS) should
- -- be computed strictly or lazily, based only on its type
-isStrictType ty
- | isUnLiftedType ty = True
- | opt_DictsStrict && isDictTy ty && isDataType ty = True
- | otherwise = False
- -- Return true only for dictionary types where the dictionary
- -- has more than one component (else we risk poking on the component
- -- of a newtype dictionary)
-
-------------------
-interestingArg :: InScopeSet -> InExpr -> SubstEnv -> Bool
+interestingArg :: OutExpr -> Bool
-- An argument is interesting if it has *some* structure
-- We are here trying to avoid unfolding a function that
-- is applied only to variables that have no unfolding
-- (i.e. they are probably lambda bound): f x y z
-- There is little point in inlining f here.
-interestingArg in_scope arg subst
- = analyse (substExpr (mkSubst in_scope subst) arg)
- -- 'analyse' only looks at the top part of the result
- -- and substExpr is lazy, so this isn't nearly as brutal
- -- as it looks.
- where
- analyse (Var v) = hasSomeUnfolding (idUnfolding v)
- -- Was: isValueUnfolding (idUnfolding v')
- -- But that seems over-pessimistic
- analyse (Type _) = False
- analyse (App fn (Type _)) = analyse fn
- analyse (Note _ a) = analyse a
- analyse other = True
+interestingArg (Var v) = hasSomeUnfolding (idUnfolding v)
+ -- Was: isValueUnfolding (idUnfolding v')
+ -- But that seems over-pessimistic
+ || isDataConWorkId v
+ -- This accounts for an argument like
+ -- () or [], which is definitely interesting
+interestingArg (Type _) = False
+interestingArg (App fn (Type _)) = interestingArg fn
+interestingArg (Note _ a) = interestingArg a
+interestingArg other = True
-- Consider let x = 3 in f x
-- The substitution will contain (x -> ContEx 3), and we want to
-- to say that x is an interesting argument.
-- s = "foo"
-- f = \x -> ...(error s)...
- -- Fundamentally such contexts should not ecourage inlining becuase
+ -- Fundamentally such contexts should not ecourage inlining because
-- the context can ``see'' the unfolding of the variable (e.g. case or a RULE)
-- so there's no gain.
--
interestingCallContext some_args some_val_args cont
= interesting cont
where
- interesting (InlinePlease _) = True
- interesting (Select _ _ _ _ _) = some_args
- interesting (ApplyTo _ _ _ _) = some_args -- Can happen if we have (coerce t (f x)) y
- interesting (ArgOf _ _ _) = some_val_args
- interesting (Stop ty upd_in_place) = some_val_args && upd_in_place
- interesting (CoerceIt _ cont) = interesting cont
+ interesting (InlinePlease _) = True
+ interesting (Select _ _ _ _ _) = some_args
+ interesting (ApplyTo _ _ _ _) = True -- Can happen if we have (coerce t (f x)) y
+ -- Perhaps True is a bit over-keen, but I've
+ -- seen (coerce f) x, where f has an INLINE prag,
+ -- So we have to give some motivaiton for inlining it
+ interesting (ArgOf _ _ _ _) = some_val_args
+ interesting (Stop ty _ upd_in_place) = some_val_args && upd_in_place
+ interesting (CoerceIt _ cont) = interesting cont
-- If this call is the arg of a strict function, the context
-- is a bit interesting. If we inline here, we may get useful
-- evaluation information to avoid repeated evals: e.g.
-- small arity. But arity zero isn't good -- we share the single copy
-- for that case, so no point in sharing.
--- Note the repType: we want to look through newtypes for this purpose
-
canUpdateInPlace ty
| not opt_UF_UpdateInPlace = False
| otherwise
- = case splitTyConApp_maybe (repType ty) of {
- Nothing -> False ;
- Just (tycon, _) ->
-
- case tyConDataConsIfAvailable tycon of
- [dc] -> arity == 1 || arity == 2
- where
- arity = dataConRepArity dc
- other -> False
- }
+ = case splitTyConApp_maybe ty of
+ Nothing -> False
+ Just (tycon, _) -> case tyConDataCons_maybe tycon of
+ Just [dc] -> arity == 1 || arity == 2
+ where
+ arity = dataConRepArity dc
+ other -> False
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
-\section{Dealing with a single binder}
+\subsection{Decisions about inlining}
%* *
%************************************************************************
+Inlining is controlled partly by the SimplifierMode switch. This has two
+settings:
+
+ SimplGently (a) Simplifying before specialiser/full laziness
+ (b) Simplifiying inside INLINE pragma
+ (c) Simplifying the LHS of a rule
+ (d) Simplifying a GHCi expression or Template
+ Haskell splice
+
+ SimplPhase n Used at all other times
+
+The key thing about SimplGently is that it does no call-site inlining.
+Before full laziness we must be careful not to inline wrappers,
+because doing so inhibits floating
+ e.g. ...(case f x of ...)...
+ ==> ...(case (case x of I# x# -> fw x#) of ...)...
+ ==> ...(case x of I# x# -> case fw x# of ...)...
+and now the redex (f x) isn't floatable any more.
+
+The no-inling thing is also important for Template Haskell. You might be
+compiling in one-shot mode with -O2; but when TH compiles a splice before
+running it, we don't want to use -O2. Indeed, we don't want to inline
+anything, because the byte-code interpreter might get confused about
+unboxed tuples and suchlike.
+
+INLINE pragmas
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+SimplGently is also used as the mode to simplify inside an InlineMe note.
+
\begin{code}
-simplBinders :: [InBinder] -> ([OutBinder] -> SimplM a) -> SimplM a
-simplBinders bndrs thing_inside
- = getSubst `thenSmpl` \ subst ->
- let
- (subst', bndrs') = substBndrs subst bndrs
- in
- seqBndrs bndrs' `seq`
- setSubst subst' (thing_inside bndrs')
-
-simplBinder :: InBinder -> (OutBinder -> SimplM a) -> SimplM a
-simplBinder bndr thing_inside
- = getSubst `thenSmpl` \ subst ->
- let
- (subst', bndr') = substBndr subst bndr
- in
- seqBndr bndr' `seq`
- setSubst subst' (thing_inside bndr')
-
-
--- Same semantics as simplBinders, but a little less
--- plumbing and hence a little more efficient.
--- Maybe not worth the candle?
-simplIds :: [InBinder] -> ([OutBinder] -> SimplM a) -> SimplM a
-simplIds ids thing_inside
- = getSubst `thenSmpl` \ subst ->
- let
- (subst', bndrs') = substIds subst ids
- in
- seqBndrs bndrs' `seq`
- setSubst subst' (thing_inside bndrs')
+inlineMode :: SimplifierMode
+inlineMode = SimplGently
+\end{code}
-seqBndrs [] = ()
-seqBndrs (b:bs) = seqBndr b `seq` seqBndrs bs
+It really is important to switch off inlinings inside such
+expressions. Consider the following example
+
+ let f = \pq -> BIG
+ in
+ let g = \y -> f y y
+ {-# INLINE g #-}
+ in ...g...g...g...g...g...
+
+Now, if that's the ONLY occurrence of f, it will be inlined inside g,
+and thence copied multiple times when g is inlined.
+
+
+This function may be inlinined in other modules, so we
+don't want to remove (by inlining) calls to functions that have
+specialisations, or that may have transformation rules in an importing
+scope.
+
+E.g. {-# INLINE f #-}
+ f x = ...g...
+
+and suppose that g is strict *and* has specialisations. If we inline
+g's wrapper, we deny f the chance of getting the specialised version
+of g when f is inlined at some call site (perhaps in some other
+module).
+
+It's also important not to inline a worker back into a wrapper.
+A wrapper looks like
+ wraper = inline_me (\x -> ...worker... )
+Normally, the inline_me prevents the worker getting inlined into
+the wrapper (initially, the worker's only call site!). But,
+if the wrapper is sure to be called, the strictness analyser will
+mark it 'demanded', so when the RHS is simplified, it'll get an ArgOf
+continuation. That's why the keep_inline predicate returns True for
+ArgOf continuations. It shouldn't do any harm not to dissolve the
+inline-me note under these circumstances.
+
+Note that the result is that we do very little simplification
+inside an InlineMe.
+
+ all xs = foldr (&&) True xs
+ any p = all . map p {-# INLINE any #-}
+
+Problem: any won't get deforested, and so if it's exported and the
+importer doesn't use the inlining, (eg passes it as an arg) then we
+won't get deforestation at all. We havn't solved this problem yet!
+
+
+preInlineUnconditionally
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+@preInlineUnconditionally@ examines a bndr to see if it is used just
+once in a completely safe way, so that it is safe to discard the
+binding inline its RHS at the (unique) usage site, REGARDLESS of how
+big the RHS might be. If this is the case we don't simplify the RHS
+first, but just inline it un-simplified.
+
+This is much better than first simplifying a perhaps-huge RHS and then
+inlining and re-simplifying it. Indeed, it can be at least quadratically
+better. Consider
+
+ x1 = e1
+ x2 = e2[x1]
+ x3 = e3[x2]
+ ...etc...
+ xN = eN[xN-1]
+
+We may end up simplifying e1 N times, e2 N-1 times, e3 N-3 times etc.
+This can happen with cascades of functions too:
+
+ f1 = \x1.e1
+ f2 = \xs.e2[f1]
+ f3 = \xs.e3[f3]
+ ...etc...
+
+THE MAIN INVARIANT is this:
+
+ ---- preInlineUnconditionally invariant -----
+ IF preInlineUnconditionally chooses to inline x = <rhs>
+ THEN doing the inlining should not change the occurrence
+ info for the free vars of <rhs>
+ ----------------------------------------------
+
+For example, it's tempting to look at trivial binding like
+ x = y
+and inline it unconditionally. But suppose x is used many times,
+but this is the unique occurrence of y. Then inlining x would change
+y's occurrence info, which breaks the invariant. It matters: y
+might have a BIG rhs, which will now be dup'd at every occurrenc of x.
+
+
+Evne RHSs labelled InlineMe aren't caught here, because there might be
+no benefit from inlining at the call site.
+
+[Sept 01] Don't unconditionally inline a top-level thing, because that
+can simply make a static thing into something built dynamically. E.g.
+ x = (a,b)
+ main = \s -> h x
+
+[Remember that we treat \s as a one-shot lambda.] No point in
+inlining x unless there is something interesting about the call site.
+
+But watch out: if you aren't careful, some useful foldr/build fusion
+can be lost (most notably in spectral/hartel/parstof) because the
+foldr didn't see the build. Doing the dynamic allocation isn't a big
+deal, in fact, but losing the fusion can be. But the right thing here
+seems to be to do a callSiteInline based on the fact that there is
+something interesting about the call site (it's strict). Hmm. That
+seems a bit fragile.
+
+Conclusion: inline top level things gaily until Phase 0 (the last
+phase), at which point don't.
-seqBndr b | isTyVar b = b `seq` ()
- | otherwise = seqType (idType b) `seq`
- idInfo b `seq`
- ()
+\begin{code}
+preInlineUnconditionally :: SimplEnv -> TopLevelFlag -> InId -> InExpr -> Bool
+preInlineUnconditionally env top_lvl bndr rhs
+ | not active = False
+ | opt_SimplNoPreInlining = False
+ | otherwise = case idOccInfo bndr of
+ IAmDead -> True -- Happens in ((\x.1) v)
+ OneOcc in_lam True int_cxt -> try_once in_lam int_cxt
+ other -> False
+ where
+ phase = getMode env
+ active = case phase of
+ SimplGently -> isAlwaysActive prag
+ SimplPhase n -> isActive n prag
+ prag = idInlinePragma bndr
+
+ try_once in_lam int_cxt -- There's one textual occurrence
+ | not in_lam = isNotTopLevel top_lvl || early_phase
+ | otherwise = int_cxt && canInlineInLam rhs
+
+-- Be very careful before inlining inside a lambda, becuase (a) we must not
+-- invalidate occurrence information, and (b) we want to avoid pushing a
+-- single allocation (here) into multiple allocations (inside lambda).
+-- Inlining a *function* with a single *saturated* call would be ok, mind you.
+-- || (if is_cheap && not (canInlineInLam rhs) then pprTrace "preinline" (ppr bndr <+> ppr rhs) ok else ok)
+-- where
+-- is_cheap = exprIsCheap rhs
+-- ok = is_cheap && int_cxt
+
+ -- int_cxt The context isn't totally boring
+ -- E.g. let f = \ab.BIG in \y. map f xs
+ -- Don't want to substitute for f, because then we allocate
+ -- its closure every time the \y is called
+ -- But: let f = \ab.BIG in \y. map (f y) xs
+ -- Now we do want to substitute for f, even though it's not
+ -- saturated, because we're going to allocate a closure for
+ -- (f y) every time round the loop anyhow.
+
+ -- canInlineInLam => free vars of rhs are (Once in_lam) or Many,
+ -- so substituting rhs inside a lambda doesn't change the occ info.
+ -- Sadly, not quite the same as exprIsHNF.
+ canInlineInLam (Lit l) = True
+ canInlineInLam (Lam b e) = isRuntimeVar b || canInlineInLam e
+ canInlineInLam (Note _ e) = canInlineInLam e
+ canInlineInLam _ = False
+
+ early_phase = case phase of
+ SimplPhase 0 -> False
+ other -> True
+-- If we don't have this early_phase test, consider
+-- x = length [1,2,3]
+-- The full laziness pass carefully floats all the cons cells to
+-- top level, and preInlineUnconditionally floats them all back in.
+-- Result is (a) static allocation replaced by dynamic allocation
+-- (b) many simplifier iterations because this tickles
+-- a related problem; only one inlining per pass
+--
+-- On the other hand, I have seen cases where top-level fusion is
+-- lost if we don't inline top level thing (e.g. string constants)
+-- Hence the test for phase zero (which is the phase for all the final
+-- simplifications). Until phase zero we take no special notice of
+-- top level things, but then we become more leery about inlining
+-- them.
+
+\end{code}
+
+postInlineUnconditionally
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+@postInlineUnconditionally@ decides whether to unconditionally inline
+a thing based on the form of its RHS; in particular if it has a
+trivial RHS. If so, we can inline and discard the binding altogether.
+
+NB: a loop breaker has must_keep_binding = True and non-loop-breakers
+only have *forward* references Hence, it's safe to discard the binding
+
+NOTE: This isn't our last opportunity to inline. We're at the binding
+site right now, and we'll get another opportunity when we get to the
+ocurrence(s)
+
+Note that we do this unconditional inlining only for trival RHSs.
+Don't inline even WHNFs inside lambdas; doing so may simply increase
+allocation when the function is called. This isn't the last chance; see
+NOTE above.
+
+NB: Even inline pragmas (e.g. IMustBeINLINEd) are ignored here Why?
+Because we don't even want to inline them into the RHS of constructor
+arguments. See NOTE above
+
+NB: At one time even NOINLINE was ignored here: if the rhs is trivial
+it's best to inline it anyway. We often get a=E; b=a from desugaring,
+with both a and b marked NOINLINE. But that seems incompatible with
+our new view that inlining is like a RULE, so I'm sticking to the 'active'
+story for now.
+
+\begin{code}
+postInlineUnconditionally :: SimplEnv -> TopLevelFlag -> OutId -> OccInfo -> OutExpr -> Unfolding -> Bool
+postInlineUnconditionally env top_lvl bndr occ_info rhs unfolding
+ | not active = False
+ | isLoopBreaker occ_info = False
+ | isExportedId bndr = False
+ | exprIsTrivial rhs = True
+ | otherwise
+ = case occ_info of
+ OneOcc in_lam one_br int_cxt
+ -> (one_br || smallEnoughToInline unfolding) -- Small enough to dup
+ -- ToDo: consider discount on smallEnoughToInline if int_cxt is true
+ --
+ -- NB: Do we want to inline arbitrarily big things becuase
+ -- one_br is True? that can lead to inline cascades. But
+ -- preInlineUnconditionlly has dealt with all the common cases
+ -- so perhaps it's worth the risk. Here's an example
+ -- let f = if b then Left (\x.BIG) else Right (\y.BIG)
+ -- in \y. ....f....
+ -- We can't preInlineUnconditionally because that woud invalidate
+ -- the occ info for b. Yet f is used just once, and duplicating
+ -- the case work is fine (exprIsCheap).
+
+ && ((isNotTopLevel top_lvl && not in_lam) ||
+ -- But outside a lambda, we want to be reasonably aggressive
+ -- about inlining into multiple branches of case
+ -- e.g. let x = <non-value>
+ -- in case y of { C1 -> ..x..; C2 -> ..x..; C3 -> ... }
+ -- Inlining can be a big win if C3 is the hot-spot, even if
+ -- the uses in C1, C2 are not 'interesting'
+ -- An example that gets worse if you add int_cxt here is 'clausify'
+
+ (isCheapUnfolding unfolding && int_cxt))
+ -- isCheap => acceptable work duplication; in_lam may be true
+ -- int_cxt to prevent us inlining inside a lambda without some
+ -- good reason. See the notes on int_cxt in preInlineUnconditionally
+
+ other -> False
+ -- The point here is that for *non-values* that occur
+ -- outside a lambda, the call-site inliner won't have
+ -- a chance (becuase it doesn't know that the thing
+ -- only occurs once). The pre-inliner won't have gotten
+ -- it either, if the thing occurs in more than one branch
+ -- So the main target is things like
+ -- let x = f y in
+ -- case v of
+ -- True -> case x of ...
+ -- False -> case x of ...
+ -- I'm not sure how important this is in practice
+ where
+ active = case getMode env of
+ SimplGently -> isAlwaysActive prag
+ SimplPhase n -> isActive n prag
+ prag = idInlinePragma bndr
+
+activeInline :: SimplEnv -> OutId -> OccInfo -> Bool
+activeInline env id occ
+ = case getMode env of
+ SimplGently -> isOneOcc occ && isAlwaysActive prag
+ -- No inlining at all when doing gentle stuff,
+ -- except for local things that occur once
+ -- The reason is that too little clean-up happens if you
+ -- don't inline use-once things. Also a bit of inlining is *good* for
+ -- full laziness; it can expose constant sub-expressions.
+ -- Example in spectral/mandel/Mandel.hs, where the mandelset
+ -- function gets a useful let-float if you inline windowToViewport
+
+ -- NB: we used to have a second exception, for data con wrappers.
+ -- On the grounds that we use gentle mode for rule LHSs, and
+ -- they match better when data con wrappers are inlined.
+ -- But that only really applies to the trivial wrappers (like (:)),
+ -- and they are now constructed as Compulsory unfoldings (in MkId)
+ -- so they'll happen anyway.
+
+ SimplPhase n -> isActive n prag
+ where
+ prag = idInlinePragma id
+
+activeRule :: SimplEnv -> Maybe (Activation -> Bool)
+-- Nothing => No rules at all
+activeRule env
+ | opt_RulesOff = Nothing
+ | otherwise
+ = case getMode env of
+ SimplGently -> Just isAlwaysActive
+ -- Used to be Nothing (no rules in gentle mode)
+ -- Main motivation for changing is that I wanted
+ -- lift String ===> ...
+ -- to work in Template Haskell when simplifying
+ -- splices, so we get simpler code for literal strings
+ SimplPhase n -> Just (isActive n)
+\end{code}
+
+
+%************************************************************************
+%* *
+\subsection{Rebuilding a lambda}
+%* *
+%************************************************************************
+
+\begin{code}
+mkLam :: SimplEnv -> [OutBinder] -> OutExpr -> SimplCont -> SimplM FloatsWithExpr
+\end{code}
+
+Try three things
+ a) eta reduction, if that gives a trivial expression
+ b) eta expansion [only if there are some value lambdas]
+ c) floating lets out through big lambdas
+ [only if all tyvar lambdas, and only if this lambda
+ is the RHS of a let]
+
+\begin{code}
+mkLam env bndrs body cont
+ = getDOptsSmpl `thenSmpl` \dflags ->
+ mkLam' dflags env bndrs body cont
+ where
+ mkLam' dflags env bndrs body cont
+ | dopt Opt_DoEtaReduction dflags,
+ Just etad_lam <- tryEtaReduce bndrs body
+ = tick (EtaReduction (head bndrs)) `thenSmpl_`
+ returnSmpl (emptyFloats env, etad_lam)
+
+ | dopt Opt_DoLambdaEtaExpansion dflags,
+ any isRuntimeVar bndrs
+ = tryEtaExpansion body `thenSmpl` \ body' ->
+ returnSmpl (emptyFloats env, mkLams bndrs body')
+
+{- Sept 01: I'm experimenting with getting the
+ full laziness pass to float out past big lambdsa
+ | all isTyVar bndrs, -- Only for big lambdas
+ contIsRhs cont -- Only try the rhs type-lambda floating
+ -- if this is indeed a right-hand side; otherwise
+ -- we end up floating the thing out, only for float-in
+ -- to float it right back in again!
+ = tryRhsTyLam env bndrs body `thenSmpl` \ (floats, body') ->
+ returnSmpl (floats, mkLams bndrs body')
+-}
+
+ | otherwise
+ = returnSmpl (emptyFloats env, mkLams bndrs body)
+\end{code}
+
+
+%************************************************************************
+%* *
+\subsection{Eta expansion and reduction}
+%* *
+%************************************************************************
+
+We try for eta reduction here, but *only* if we get all the
+way to an exprIsTrivial expression.
+We don't want to remove extra lambdas unless we are going
+to avoid allocating this thing altogether
+
+\begin{code}
+tryEtaReduce :: [OutBinder] -> OutExpr -> Maybe OutExpr
+tryEtaReduce bndrs body
+ -- We don't use CoreUtils.etaReduce, because we can be more
+ -- efficient here:
+ -- (a) we already have the binders
+ -- (b) we can do the triviality test before computing the free vars
+ = go (reverse bndrs) body
+ where
+ go (b : bs) (App fun arg) | ok_arg b arg = go bs fun -- Loop round
+ go [] fun | ok_fun fun = Just fun -- Success!
+ go _ _ = Nothing -- Failure!
+
+ ok_fun fun = exprIsTrivial fun
+ && not (any (`elemVarSet` (exprFreeVars fun)) bndrs)
+ && (exprIsHNF fun || all ok_lam bndrs)
+ ok_lam v = isTyVar v || isDictId v
+ -- The exprIsHNF is because eta reduction is not
+ -- valid in general: \x. bot /= bot
+ -- So we need to be sure that the "fun" is a value.
+ --
+ -- However, we always want to reduce (/\a -> f a) to f
+ -- This came up in a RULE: foldr (build (/\a -> g a))
+ -- did not match foldr (build (/\b -> ...something complex...))
+ -- The type checker can insert these eta-expanded versions,
+ -- with both type and dictionary lambdas; hence the slightly
+ -- ad-hoc isDictTy
+
+ ok_arg b arg = varToCoreExpr b `cheapEqExpr` arg
+\end{code}
+
+
+ Try eta expansion for RHSs
+
+We go for:
+ f = \x1..xn -> N ==> f = \x1..xn y1..ym -> N y1..ym
+ (n >= 0)
+
+where (in both cases)
+
+ * The xi can include type variables
+
+ * The yi are all value variables
+
+ * N is a NORMAL FORM (i.e. no redexes anywhere)
+ wanting a suitable number of extra args.
+
+We may have to sandwich some coerces between the lambdas
+to make the types work. exprEtaExpandArity looks through coerces
+when computing arity; and etaExpand adds the coerces as necessary when
+actually computing the expansion.
+
+\begin{code}
+tryEtaExpansion :: OutExpr -> SimplM OutExpr
+-- There is at least one runtime binder in the binders
+tryEtaExpansion body
+ = getUniquesSmpl `thenSmpl` \ us ->
+ returnSmpl (etaExpand fun_arity us body (exprType body))
+ where
+ fun_arity = exprEtaExpandArity body
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
-\subsection{Local tyvar-lifting}
+\subsection{Floating lets out of big lambdas}
%* *
%************************************************************************
-mkRhsTyLam tries this transformation, when the big lambda appears as
+tryRhsTyLam tries this transformation, when the big lambda appears as
the RHS of a let(rec) binding:
/\abc -> let(rec) x = e in b
\begin{code}
-tryRhsTyLam :: OutExpr -> SimplM ([OutBind], OutExpr)
+{- Trying to do this in full laziness
+
+tryRhsTyLam :: SimplEnv -> [OutTyVar] -> OutExpr -> SimplM FloatsWithExpr
+-- Call ensures that all the binders are type variables
-tryRhsTyLam rhs -- Only does something if there's a let
- | null tyvars || not (worth_it body) -- inside a type lambda,
- = returnSmpl ([], rhs) -- and a WHNF inside that
+tryRhsTyLam env tyvars body -- Only does something if there's a let
+ | not (all isTyVar tyvars)
+ || not (worth_it body) -- inside a type lambda,
+ = returnSmpl (emptyFloats env, body) -- and a WHNF inside that
| otherwise
- = go (\x -> x) body `thenSmpl` \ (binds, body') ->
- returnSmpl (binds, mkLams tyvars body')
+ = go env (\x -> x) body
where
- (tyvars, body) = collectTyBinders rhs
-
- worth_it (Let (NonRec x rhs) e) | isUnLiftedType (exprType rhs) = False
- worth_it (Let _ e) = whnf_in_middle e
- worth_it other = False
+ worth_it e@(Let _ _) = whnf_in_middle e
+ worth_it e = False
- whnf_in_middle (Let (NonRec x rhs) e) | isUnLiftedType (exprType rhs) = False
+ whnf_in_middle (Let (NonRec x rhs) e) | isUnLiftedType (idType x) = False
whnf_in_middle (Let _ e) = whnf_in_middle e
whnf_in_middle e = exprIsCheap e
- go fn (Let bind@(NonRec var rhs) body)
+ main_tyvar_set = mkVarSet tyvars
+
+ go env fn (Let bind@(NonRec var rhs) body)
| exprIsTrivial rhs
- = go (fn . Let bind) body
+ = go env (fn . Let bind) body
- go fn (Let (NonRec var rhs) body)
- = mk_poly tyvars_here var `thenSmpl` \ (var', rhs') ->
- go (fn . Let (mk_silly_bind var rhs')) body `thenSmpl` \ (binds, body') ->
- returnSmpl (NonRec var' (mkLams tyvars_here (fn rhs)) : binds, body')
+ go env fn (Let (NonRec var rhs) body)
+ = mk_poly tyvars_here var `thenSmpl` \ (var', rhs') ->
+ addAuxiliaryBind env (NonRec var' (mkLams tyvars_here (fn rhs))) $ \ env ->
+ go env (fn . Let (mk_silly_bind var rhs')) body
where
- tyvars_here = tyvars
- -- main_tyvar_set = mkVarSet tyvars
- -- var_ty = idType var
- -- varSetElems (main_tyvar_set `intersectVarSet` tyVarsOfType var_ty)
- -- tyvars_here was an attempt to reduce the number of tyvars
+
+ tyvars_here = varSetElems (main_tyvar_set `intersectVarSet` exprSomeFreeVars isTyVar rhs)
+ -- Abstract only over the type variables free in the rhs
-- wrt which the new binding is abstracted. But the naive
-- approach of abstract wrt the tyvars free in the Id's type
-- fails. Consider:
-- abstracting wrt *all* the tyvars. We'll see if that
-- gives rise to problems. SLPJ June 98
- go fn (Let (Rec prs) body)
+ go env fn (Let (Rec prs) body)
= mapAndUnzipSmpl (mk_poly tyvars_here) vars `thenSmpl` \ (vars', rhss') ->
let
- gn body = fn (foldr Let body (zipWith mk_silly_bind vars rhss'))
- new_bind = Rec (vars' `zip` [mkLams tyvars_here (gn rhs) | rhs <- rhss])
+ gn body = fn (foldr Let body (zipWith mk_silly_bind vars rhss'))
+ pairs = vars' `zip` [mkLams tyvars_here (gn rhs) | rhs <- rhss]
in
- go gn body `thenSmpl` \ (binds, body') ->
- returnSmpl (new_bind : binds, body')
+ addAuxiliaryBind env (Rec pairs) $ \ env ->
+ go env gn body
where
(vars,rhss) = unzip prs
- tyvars_here = tyvars
- -- varSetElems (main_tyvar_set `intersectVarSet` tyVarsOfTypes var_tys)
- -- var_tys = map idType vars
+ tyvars_here = varSetElems (main_tyvar_set `intersectVarSet` exprsSomeFreeVars isTyVar (map snd prs))
-- See notes with tyvars_here above
- go fn body = returnSmpl ([], fn body)
+ go env fn body = returnSmpl (emptyFloats env, fn body)
mk_poly tyvars_here var
= getUniqueSmpl `thenSmpl` \ uniq ->
let
poly_name = setNameUnique (idName var) uniq -- Keep same name
poly_ty = mkForAllTys tyvars_here (idType var) -- But new type of course
- poly_id = mkVanillaId poly_name poly_ty
+ poly_id = mkLocalId poly_name poly_ty
-- In the olden days, it was crucial to copy the occInfo of the original var,
-- because we were looking at occurrence-analysed but as yet unsimplified code!
-- Solution: put an INLINE note on g's RHS, so that poly_g seems
-- to appear many times. (NB: mkInlineMe eliminates
-- such notes on trivial RHSs, so do it manually.)
+-}
\end{code}
-
%************************************************************************
%* *
-\subsection{Eta expansion}
+\subsection{Case alternative filtering
%* *
%************************************************************************
- Try eta expansion for RHSs
+prepareAlts does two things:
-We go for:
- Case 1 f = \x1..xn -> N ==> f = \x1..xn y1..ym -> N y1..ym
- (n >= 0)
- OR
- Case 2 f = N E1..En ==> z1=E1
- (n > 0) ..
- zn=En
- f = \y1..ym -> N z1..zn y1..ym
+1. Eliminate alternatives that cannot match, including the
+ DEFAULT alternative.
-where (in both cases)
+2. If the DEFAULT alternative can match only one possible constructor,
+ then make that constructor explicit.
+ e.g.
+ case e of x { DEFAULT -> rhs }
+ ===>
+ case e of x { (a,b) -> rhs }
+ where the type is a single constructor type. This gives better code
+ when rhs also scrutinises x or e.
- * The xi can include type variables
+It's a good idea do do this stuff before simplifying the alternatives, to
+avoid simplifying alternatives we know can't happen, and to come up with
+the list of constructors that are handled, to put into the IdInfo of the
+case binder, for use when simplifying the alternatives.
- * The yi are all value variables
+Eliminating the default alternative in (1) isn't so obvious, but it can
+happen:
- * N is a NORMAL FORM (i.e. no redexes anywhere)
- wanting a suitable number of extra args.
+data Colour = Red | Green | Blue
+
+f x = case x of
+ Red -> ..
+ Green -> ..
+ DEFAULT -> h x
- * the Ei must not have unlifted type
+h y = case y of
+ Blue -> ..
+ DEFAULT -> [ case y of ... ]
+
+If we inline h into f, the default case of the inlined h can't happen.
+If we don't notice this, we may end up filtering out *all* the cases
+of the inner case y, which give us nowhere to go!
-There is no point in looking for a combination of the two, because
-that would leave use with some lets sandwiched between lambdas; that's
-what the final test in the first equation is for.
\begin{code}
-tryEtaExpansion :: OutExpr -> OutType -> SimplM ([OutBind], OutExpr)
-tryEtaExpansion rhs rhs_ty
- | not opt_SimplDoLambdaEtaExpansion -- Not if switched off
- || exprIsTrivial rhs -- Not if RHS is trivial
- || final_arity == 0 -- Not if arity is zero
- = returnSmpl ([], rhs)
-
- | n_val_args == 0 && not arity_is_manifest
- = -- Some lambdas but not enough: case 1
- getUniqSupplySmpl `thenSmpl` \ us ->
- returnSmpl ([], etaExpand final_arity us rhs rhs_ty)
-
- | n_val_args > 0 && not (any cant_bind arg_infos)
- = -- Partial application: case 2
- mapAndUnzipSmpl bind_z_arg arg_infos `thenSmpl` \ (maybe_z_binds, z_args) ->
- getUniqSupplySmpl `thenSmpl` \ us ->
- returnSmpl (catMaybes maybe_z_binds,
- etaExpand final_arity us (mkApps fun z_args) rhs_ty)
+prepareAlts :: OutExpr -- Scrutinee
+ -> InId -- Case binder (passed only to use in statistics)
+ -> [InAlt] -- Increasing order
+ -> SimplM ([InAlt], -- Better alternatives, still incresaing order
+ [AltCon]) -- These cases are handled
+
+prepareAlts scrut case_bndr alts
+ = let
+ (alts_wo_default, maybe_deflt) = findDefault alts
+
+ impossible_cons = case scrut of
+ Var v -> otherCons (idUnfolding v)
+ other -> []
+
+ -- Filter out alternatives that can't possibly match
+ better_alts | null impossible_cons = alts_wo_default
+ | otherwise = [alt | alt@(con,_,_) <- alts_wo_default,
+ not (con `elem` impossible_cons)]
+
+ -- "handled_cons" are handled either by the context,
+ -- or by a branch in this case expression
+ -- (Don't add DEFAULT to the handled_cons!!)
+ handled_cons = impossible_cons ++ [con | (con,_,_) <- better_alts]
+ in
+ -- Filter out the default, if it can't happen,
+ -- or replace it with "proper" alternative if there
+ -- is only one constructor left
+ prepareDefault scrut case_bndr handled_cons maybe_deflt `thenSmpl` \ deflt_alt ->
+
+ returnSmpl (mergeAlts better_alts deflt_alt, handled_cons)
+ -- We need the mergeAlts in case the new default_alt
+ -- has turned into a constructor alternative.
+
+prepareDefault scrut case_bndr handled_cons (Just rhs)
+ | Just (tycon, inst_tys) <- splitTyConApp_maybe (exprType scrut),
+ -- Use exprType scrut here, rather than idType case_bndr, because
+ -- case_bndr is an InId, so exprType scrut may have more information
+ -- Test simpl013 is an example
+ isAlgTyCon tycon, -- It's a data type, tuple, or unboxed tuples.
+ not (isNewTyCon tycon), -- We can have a newtype, if we are just doing an eval:
+ -- case x of { DEFAULT -> e }
+ -- and we don't want to fill in a default for them!
+ Just all_cons <- tyConDataCons_maybe tycon,
+ not (null all_cons), -- This is a tricky corner case. If the data type has no constructors,
+ -- which GHC allows, then the case expression will have at most a default
+ -- alternative. We don't want to eliminate that alternative, because the
+ -- invariant is that there's always one alternative. It's more convenient
+ -- to leave
+ -- case x of { DEFAULT -> e }
+ -- as it is, rather than transform it to
+ -- error "case cant match"
+ -- which would be quite legitmate. But it's a really obscure corner, and
+ -- not worth wasting code on.
+ let handled_data_cons = [data_con | DataAlt data_con <- handled_cons],
+ let missing_cons = [con | con <- all_cons,
+ not (con `elem` handled_data_cons)]
+ = case missing_cons of
+ [] -> returnSmpl [] -- Eliminate the default alternative
+ -- if it can't match
+
+ [con] -> -- It matches exactly one constructor, so fill it in
+ tick (FillInCaseDefault case_bndr) `thenSmpl_`
+ mk_args con inst_tys `thenSmpl` \ args ->
+ returnSmpl [(DataAlt con, args, rhs)]
+
+ two_or_more -> returnSmpl [(DEFAULT, [], rhs)]
| otherwise
- = returnSmpl ([], rhs)
- where
- (fun, args) = collectArgs rhs
- n_val_args = valArgCount args
- (fun_arity, arity_is_manifest) = exprEtaExpandArity fun
- final_arity = 0 `max` (fun_arity - n_val_args)
- arg_infos = [(arg, exprType arg, exprIsTrivial arg) | arg <- args]
- cant_bind (_, ty, triv) = not triv && isUnLiftedType ty
-
- bind_z_arg (arg, arg_ty, trivial_arg)
- | trivial_arg = returnSmpl (Nothing, arg)
- | otherwise = newId SLIT("z") arg_ty $ \ z ->
- returnSmpl (Just (NonRec z arg), Var z)
+ = returnSmpl [(DEFAULT, [], rhs)]
+
+prepareDefault scrut case_bndr handled_cons Nothing
+ = returnSmpl []
+
+mk_args missing_con inst_tys
+ = mk_tv_bndrs missing_con inst_tys `thenSmpl` \ (tv_bndrs, inst_tys') ->
+ getUniquesSmpl `thenSmpl` \ id_uniqs ->
+ let arg_tys = dataConInstArgTys missing_con inst_tys'
+ arg_ids = zipWith (mkSysLocal FSLIT("a")) id_uniqs arg_tys
+ in
+ returnSmpl (tv_bndrs ++ arg_ids)
+
+mk_tv_bndrs missing_con inst_tys
+ | isVanillaDataCon missing_con
+ = returnSmpl ([], inst_tys)
+ | otherwise
+ = getUniquesSmpl `thenSmpl` \ tv_uniqs ->
+ let new_tvs = zipWith mk tv_uniqs (dataConTyVars missing_con)
+ mk uniq tv = mkTyVar (mkSysTvName uniq FSLIT("t")) (tyVarKind tv)
+ in
+ returnSmpl (new_tvs, mkTyVarTys new_tvs)
\end{code}
%* *
%************************************************************************
+mkCase puts a case expression back together, trying various transformations first.
+
\begin{code}
-mkCase :: OutExpr -> OutId -> [OutAlt] -> SimplM OutExpr
+mkCase :: OutExpr -> OutId -> OutType
+ -> [OutAlt] -- Increasing order
+ -> SimplM OutExpr
+
+mkCase scrut case_bndr ty alts
+ = getDOptsSmpl `thenSmpl` \dflags ->
+ mkAlts dflags scrut case_bndr alts `thenSmpl` \ better_alts ->
+ mkCase1 scrut case_bndr ty better_alts
\end{code}
-@mkCase@ tries the following transformation (if possible):
-
-case e of b { ==> case e of b {
- p1 -> rhs1 p1 -> rhs1
- ... ...
- pm -> rhsm pm -> rhsm
- _ -> case b of b' { pn -> rhsn[b/b'] {or (alg) let b=b' in rhsn}
- {or (prim) case b of b' { _ -> rhsn}}
- pn -> rhsn ...
- ... po -> rhso[b/b']
- po -> rhso _ -> rhsd[b/b'] {or let b'=b in rhsd}
- _ -> rhsd
-}
-
-which merges two cases in one case when -- the default alternative of
-the outer case scrutises the same variable as the outer case This
-transformation is called Case Merging. It avoids that the same
-variable is scrutinised multiple times.
+
+mkAlts tries these things:
+
+1. If several alternatives are identical, merge them into
+ a single DEFAULT alternative. I've occasionally seen this
+ making a big difference:
+
+ case e of =====> case e of
+ C _ -> f x D v -> ....v....
+ D v -> ....v.... DEFAULT -> f x
+ DEFAULT -> f x
+
+ The point is that we merge common RHSs, at least for the DEFAULT case.
+ [One could do something more elaborate but I've never seen it needed.]
+ To avoid an expensive test, we just merge branches equal to the *first*
+ alternative; this picks up the common cases
+ a) all branches equal
+ b) some branches equal to the DEFAULT (which occurs first)
+
+2. Case merging:
+ case e of b { ==> case e of b {
+ p1 -> rhs1 p1 -> rhs1
+ ... ...
+ pm -> rhsm pm -> rhsm
+ _ -> case b of b' { pn -> let b'=b in rhsn
+ pn -> rhsn ...
+ ... po -> let b'=b in rhso
+ po -> rhso _ -> let b'=b in rhsd
+ _ -> rhsd
+ }
+
+ which merges two cases in one case when -- the default alternative of
+ the outer case scrutises the same variable as the outer case This
+ transformation is called Case Merging. It avoids that the same
+ variable is scrutinised multiple times.
+
+
+The case where transformation (1) showed up was like this (lib/std/PrelCError.lhs):
+
+ x | p `is` 1 -> e1
+ | p `is` 2 -> e2
+ ...etc...
+
+where @is@ was something like
+
+ p `is` n = p /= (-1) && p == n
+
+This gave rise to a horrible sequence of cases
+
+ case p of
+ (-1) -> $j p
+ 1 -> e1
+ DEFAULT -> $j p
+
+and similarly in cascade for all the join points!
+
+
\begin{code}
-mkCase scrut outer_bndr outer_alts
- | opt_SimplCaseMerge
- && maybeToBool maybe_case_in_default
-
- = tick (CaseMerge outer_bndr) `thenSmpl_`
- returnSmpl (Case scrut outer_bndr new_alts)
- -- Warning: don't call mkCase recursively!
- -- Firstly, there's no point, because inner alts have already had
- -- mkCase applied to them, so they won't have a case in their default
- -- Secondly, if you do, you get an infinite loop, because the bindNonRec
- -- in munge_rhs puts a case into the DEFAULT branch!
+--------------------------------------------------
+-- 1. Merge identical branches
+--------------------------------------------------
+mkAlts dflags scrut case_bndr alts@((con1,bndrs1,rhs1) : con_alts)
+ | all isDeadBinder bndrs1, -- Remember the default
+ length filtered_alts < length con_alts -- alternative comes first
+ = tick (AltMerge case_bndr) `thenSmpl_`
+ returnSmpl better_alts
+ where
+ filtered_alts = filter keep con_alts
+ keep (con,bndrs,rhs) = not (all isDeadBinder bndrs && rhs `cheapEqExpr` rhs1)
+ better_alts = (DEFAULT, [], rhs1) : filtered_alts
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------
+-- 2. Merge nested cases
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+mkAlts dflags scrut outer_bndr outer_alts
+ | dopt Opt_CaseMerge dflags,
+ (outer_alts_without_deflt, maybe_outer_deflt) <- findDefault outer_alts,
+ Just (Case (Var scrut_var) inner_bndr _ inner_alts) <- maybe_outer_deflt,
+ scruting_same_var scrut_var
+ = let
+ munged_inner_alts = [(con, args, munge_rhs rhs) | (con, args, rhs) <- inner_alts]
+ munge_rhs rhs = bindCaseBndr inner_bndr (Var outer_bndr) rhs
+
+ new_alts = mergeAlts outer_alts_without_deflt munged_inner_alts
+ -- The merge keeps the inner DEFAULT at the front, if there is one
+ -- and eliminates any inner_alts that are shadowed by the outer_alts
+ in
+ tick (CaseMerge outer_bndr) `thenSmpl_`
+ returnSmpl new_alts
+ -- Warning: don't call mkAlts recursively!
+ -- Firstly, there's no point, because inner alts have already had
+ -- mkCase applied to them, so they won't have a case in their default
+ -- Secondly, if you do, you get an infinite loop, because the bindCaseBndr
+ -- in munge_rhs may put a case into the DEFAULT branch!
where
- new_alts = outer_alts_without_deflt ++ munged_inner_alts
- maybe_case_in_default = case findDefault outer_alts of
- (outer_alts_without_default,
- Just (Case (Var scrut_var) inner_bndr inner_alts))
-
- | outer_bndr == scrut_var
- -> Just (outer_alts_without_default, inner_bndr, inner_alts)
- other -> Nothing
-
- Just (outer_alts_without_deflt, inner_bndr, inner_alts) = maybe_case_in_default
-
- -- Eliminate any inner alts which are shadowed by the outer ones
- outer_cons = [con | (con,_,_) <- outer_alts_without_deflt]
-
- munged_inner_alts = [ (con, args, munge_rhs rhs)
- | (con, args, rhs) <- inner_alts,
- not (con `elem` outer_cons) -- Eliminate shadowed inner alts
- ]
- munge_rhs rhs = bindNonRec inner_bndr (Var outer_bndr) rhs
+ -- We are scrutinising the same variable if it's
+ -- the outer case-binder, or if the outer case scrutinises a variable
+ -- (and it's the same). Testing both allows us not to replace the
+ -- outer scrut-var with the outer case-binder (Simplify.simplCaseBinder).
+ scruting_same_var = case scrut of
+ Var outer_scrut -> \ v -> v == outer_bndr || v == outer_scrut
+ other -> \ v -> v == outer_bndr
+
+------------------------------------------------
+-- Catch-all
+------------------------------------------------
+
+mkAlts dflags scrut case_bndr other_alts = returnSmpl other_alts
+
+
+---------------------------------
+mergeAlts :: [OutAlt] -> [OutAlt] -> [OutAlt]
+-- Merge preserving order; alternatives in the first arg
+-- shadow ones in the second
+mergeAlts [] as2 = as2
+mergeAlts as1 [] = as1
+mergeAlts (a1:as1) (a2:as2)
+ = case a1 `cmpAlt` a2 of
+ LT -> a1 : mergeAlts as1 (a2:as2)
+ EQ -> a1 : mergeAlts as1 as2 -- Discard a2
+ GT -> a2 : mergeAlts (a1:as1) as2
\end{code}
-Now the identity-case transformation:
+
+
+=================================================================================
+
+mkCase1 tries these things
+
+1. Eliminate the case altogether if possible
+
+2. Case-identity:
case e of ===> e
- True -> True;
+ True -> True;
False -> False
-and similar friends.
+ and similar friends.
+
+
+Start with a simple situation:
+
+ case x# of ===> e[x#/y#]
+ y# -> e
+
+(when x#, y# are of primitive type, of course). We can't (in general)
+do this for algebraic cases, because we might turn bottom into
+non-bottom!
+
+Actually, we generalise this idea to look for a case where we're
+scrutinising a variable, and we know that only the default case can
+match. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+ case x of
+ 0# -> ...
+ other -> ...(case x of
+ 0# -> ...
+ other -> ...) ...
+\end{code}
+Here the inner case can be eliminated. This really only shows up in
+eliminating error-checking code.
+
+We also make sure that we deal with this very common case:
+
+ case e of
+ x -> ...x...
+
+Here we are using the case as a strict let; if x is used only once
+then we want to inline it. We have to be careful that this doesn't
+make the program terminate when it would have diverged before, so we
+check that
+ - x is used strictly, or
+ - e is already evaluated (it may so if e is a variable)
+
+Lastly, we generalise the transformation to handle this:
+
+ case e of ===> r
+ True -> r
+ False -> r
+
+We only do this for very cheaply compared r's (constructors, literals
+and variables). If pedantic bottoms is on, we only do it when the
+scrutinee is a PrimOp which can't fail.
+
+We do it *here*, looking at un-simplified alternatives, because we
+have to check that r doesn't mention the variables bound by the
+pattern in each alternative, so the binder-info is rather useful.
+
+So the case-elimination algorithm is:
+
+ 1. Eliminate alternatives which can't match
+
+ 2. Check whether all the remaining alternatives
+ (a) do not mention in their rhs any of the variables bound in their pattern
+ and (b) have equal rhss
+
+ 3. Check we can safely ditch the case:
+ * PedanticBottoms is off,
+ or * the scrutinee is an already-evaluated variable
+ or * the scrutinee is a primop which is ok for speculation
+ -- ie we want to preserve divide-by-zero errors, and
+ -- calls to error itself!
+
+ or * [Prim cases] the scrutinee is a primitive variable
+
+ or * [Alg cases] the scrutinee is a variable and
+ either * the rhs is the same variable
+ (eg case x of C a b -> x ===> x)
+ or * there is only one alternative, the default alternative,
+ and the binder is used strictly in its scope.
+ [NB this is helped by the "use default binder where
+ possible" transformation; see below.]
+
+
+If so, then we can replace the case with one of the rhss.
+
+Further notes about case elimination
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Consider: test :: Integer -> IO ()
+ test = print
+
+Turns out that this compiles to:
+ Print.test
+ = \ eta :: Integer
+ eta1 :: State# RealWorld ->
+ case PrelNum.< eta PrelNum.zeroInteger of wild { __DEFAULT ->
+ case hPutStr stdout
+ (PrelNum.jtos eta ($w[] @ Char))
+ eta1
+ of wild1 { (# new_s, a4 #) -> PrelIO.lvl23 new_s }}
+
+Notice the strange '<' which has no effect at all. This is a funny one.
+It started like this:
+
+f x y = if x < 0 then jtos x
+ else if y==0 then "" else jtos x
+
+At a particular call site we have (f v 1). So we inline to get
+
+ if v < 0 then jtos x
+ else if 1==0 then "" else jtos x
+
+Now simplify the 1==0 conditional:
+
+ if v<0 then jtos v else jtos v
+
+Now common-up the two branches of the case:
+
+ case (v<0) of DEFAULT -> jtos v
+
+Why don't we drop the case? Because it's strict in v. It's technically
+wrong to drop even unnecessary evaluations, and in practice they
+may be a result of 'seq' so we *definitely* don't want to drop those.
+I don't really know how to improve this situation.
+
\begin{code}
-mkCase scrut case_bndr alts
+--------------------------------------------------
+-- 0. Check for empty alternatives
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+-- This isn't strictly an error. It's possible that the simplifer might "see"
+-- that an inner case has no accessible alternatives before it "sees" that the
+-- entire branch of an outer case is inaccessible. So we simply
+-- put an error case here insteadd
+mkCase1 scrut case_bndr ty []
+ = pprTrace "mkCase1: null alts" (ppr case_bndr <+> ppr scrut) $
+ return (mkApps (Var eRROR_ID)
+ [Type ty, Lit (mkStringLit "Impossible alternative")])
+
+--------------------------------------------------
+-- 1. Eliminate the case altogether if poss
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+mkCase1 scrut case_bndr ty [(con,bndrs,rhs)]
+ -- See if we can get rid of the case altogether
+ -- See the extensive notes on case-elimination above
+ -- mkCase made sure that if all the alternatives are equal,
+ -- then there is now only one (DEFAULT) rhs
+ | all isDeadBinder bndrs,
+
+ -- Check that the scrutinee can be let-bound instead of case-bound
+ exprOkForSpeculation scrut
+ -- OK not to evaluate it
+ -- This includes things like (==# a# b#)::Bool
+ -- so that we simplify
+ -- case ==# a# b# of { True -> x; False -> x }
+ -- to just
+ -- x
+ -- This particular example shows up in default methods for
+ -- comparision operations (e.g. in (>=) for Int.Int32)
+ || exprIsHNF scrut -- It's already evaluated
+ || var_demanded_later scrut -- It'll be demanded later
+
+-- || not opt_SimplPedanticBottoms) -- Or we don't care!
+-- We used to allow improving termination by discarding cases, unless -fpedantic-bottoms was on,
+-- but that breaks badly for the dataToTag# primop, which relies on a case to evaluate
+-- its argument: case x of { y -> dataToTag# y }
+-- Here we must *not* discard the case, because dataToTag# just fetches the tag from
+-- the info pointer. So we'll be pedantic all the time, and see if that gives any
+-- other problems
+-- Also we don't want to discard 'seq's
+ = tick (CaseElim case_bndr) `thenSmpl_`
+ returnSmpl (bindCaseBndr case_bndr scrut rhs)
+
+ where
+ -- The case binder is going to be evaluated later,
+ -- and the scrutinee is a simple variable
+ var_demanded_later (Var v) = isStrictDmd (idNewDemandInfo case_bndr)
+ var_demanded_later other = False
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------
+-- 2. Identity case
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+mkCase1 scrut case_bndr ty alts -- Identity case
| all identity_alt alts
= tick (CaseIdentity case_bndr) `thenSmpl_`
- returnSmpl scrut
+ returnSmpl (re_note scrut)
where
- identity_alt (DEFAULT, [], Var v) = v == case_bndr
- identity_alt (DataAlt con, args, rhs) = cheapEqExpr rhs
- (mkConApp con (map Type arg_tys ++ map varToCoreExpr args))
- identity_alt other = False
+ identity_alt (con, args, rhs) = de_note rhs `cheapEqExpr` identity_rhs con args
- arg_tys = tyConAppArgs (idType case_bndr)
-\end{code}
+ identity_rhs (DataAlt con) args = mkConApp con (arg_tys ++ map varToCoreExpr args)
+ identity_rhs (LitAlt lit) _ = Lit lit
+ identity_rhs DEFAULT _ = Var case_bndr
-The catch-all case
+ arg_tys = map Type (tyConAppArgs (idType case_bndr))
-\begin{code}
-mkCase other_scrut case_bndr other_alts
- = returnSmpl (Case other_scrut case_bndr other_alts)
+ -- We've seen this:
+ -- case coerce T e of x { _ -> coerce T' x }
+ -- And we definitely want to eliminate this case!
+ -- So we throw away notes from the RHS, and reconstruct
+ -- (at least an approximation) at the other end
+ de_note (Note _ e) = de_note e
+ de_note e = e
+
+ -- re_note wraps a coerce if it might be necessary
+ re_note scrut = case head alts of
+ (_,_,rhs1@(Note _ _)) -> mkCoerce2 (exprType rhs1) (idType case_bndr) scrut
+ other -> scrut
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------
+-- Catch-all
+--------------------------------------------------
+mkCase1 scrut bndr ty alts = returnSmpl (Case scrut bndr ty alts)
\end{code}
-\begin{code}
-findDefault :: [CoreAlt] -> ([CoreAlt], Maybe CoreExpr)
-findDefault [] = ([], Nothing)
-findDefault ((DEFAULT,args,rhs) : alts) = ASSERT( null alts && null args )
- ([], Just rhs)
-findDefault (alt : alts) = case findDefault alts of
- (alts', deflt) -> (alt : alts', deflt)
-
-findAlt :: AltCon -> [CoreAlt] -> CoreAlt
-findAlt con alts
- = go alts
- where
- go [] = pprPanic "Missing alternative" (ppr con $$ vcat (map ppr alts))
- go (alt : alts) | matches alt = alt
- | otherwise = go alts
+When adding auxiliary bindings for the case binder, it's worth checking if
+its dead, because it often is, and occasionally these mkCase transformations
+cascade rather nicely.
- matches (DEFAULT, _, _) = True
- matches (con1, _, _) = con == con1
+\begin{code}
+bindCaseBndr bndr rhs body
+ | isDeadBinder bndr = body
+ | otherwise = bindNonRec bndr rhs body
\end{code}
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