%
-% (c) The GRASP/AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 1992-1996
+% (c) The GRASP/AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 1992-1998
%
\section[TcSimplify]{TcSimplify}
-\begin{code}
-#include "HsVersions.h"
+
+\begin{code}
module TcSimplify (
- tcSimplify, tcSimplifyAndCheck, tcSimplifyWithExtraGlobals,
- tcSimplifyTop, tcSimplifyThetas, tcSimplifyCheckThetas, tcSimplifyRank2,
+ tcSimplifyInfer, tcSimplifyInferCheck,
+ tcSimplifyCheck, tcSimplifyRestricted,
+ tcSimplifyToDicts, tcSimplifyIPs, tcSimplifyTop,
+
+ tcSimplifyDeriv, tcSimplifyDefault,
bindInstsOfLocalFuns
) where
-IMP_Ubiq()
-
-import HsSyn ( MonoBinds(..), HsExpr(..), InPat, OutPat, HsLit,
- Match, HsBinds, Qualifier, PolyType, ArithSeqInfo,
- GRHSsAndBinds, Stmt, Fake )
-import TcHsSyn ( TcIdOcc(..), TcIdBndr(..), TcExpr(..), TcMonoBinds(..) )
-
-import TcMonad hiding ( rnMtoTcM )
-import Inst ( lookupInst, lookupSimpleInst,
- tyVarsOfInst, isTyVarDict, isDict,
- matchesInst, instToId, instBindingRequired,
- instCanBeGeneralised, newDictsAtLoc,
- pprInst,
- Inst(..), LIE(..), zonkLIE, emptyLIE,
- plusLIE, unitLIE, consLIE, InstOrigin(..),
- OverloadedLit )
-import TcEnv ( tcGetGlobalTyVars )
-import TcType ( TcType(..), TcTyVar(..), TcTyVarSet(..), TcMaybe, tcInstType )
-import Unify ( unifyTauTy )
-
-import Bag ( Bag, unitBag, listToBag, foldBag, filterBag, emptyBag, bagToList,
- snocBag, consBag, unionBags, isEmptyBag )
-import Class ( GenClass, Class(..), ClassInstEnv(..),
- isNumericClass, isStandardClass, isCcallishClass,
- isSuperClassOf, classSuperDictSelId, classInstEnv
+#include "HsVersions.h"
+
+import {-# SOURCE #-} TcUnify( unifyTauTy )
+
+import HsSyn ( MonoBinds(..), HsExpr(..), andMonoBinds, andMonoBindList )
+import TcHsSyn ( TcExpr, TcId,
+ TcMonoBinds, TcDictBinds
+ )
+
+import TcMonad
+import Inst ( lookupInst, LookupInstResult(..),
+ tyVarsOfInst, predsOfInsts, predsOfInst, newDicts,
+ isDict, isClassDict, isLinearInst, linearInstType,
+ isStdClassTyVarDict, isMethodFor, isMethod,
+ instToId, tyVarsOfInsts, cloneDict,
+ ipNamesOfInsts, ipNamesOfInst, dictPred,
+ instBindingRequired, instCanBeGeneralised,
+ newDictsFromOld, newMethodAtLoc,
+ getDictClassTys, isTyVarDict,
+ instLoc, pprInst, zonkInst, tidyInsts, tidyMoreInsts,
+ Inst, LIE, pprInsts, pprInstsInFull,
+ mkLIE, lieToList
)
-import Id ( GenId )
-import Maybes ( expectJust, firstJust, catMaybes, seqMaybe, maybeToBool, Maybe(..) )
-import Outputable ( Outputable(..){-instance * []-} )
-import PprStyle--ToDo:rm
-import PprType ( GenType, GenTyVar, GenClass{-instance Outputable;ToDo:rm-} )
-import Pretty
-import SrcLoc ( mkUnknownSrcLoc )
-import Util
-import Type ( GenType, Type(..), TauType(..), mkTyVarTy, getTyVar, eqSimpleTy,
- getTyVar_maybe )
-import TysWiredIn ( intTy )
-import TyVar ( GenTyVar, GenTyVarSet(..),
- elementOfTyVarSet, emptyTyVarSet, unionTyVarSets,
- isEmptyTyVarSet, tyVarSetToList )
-import Unique ( Unique )
+import TcEnv ( tcGetGlobalTyVars, tcGetInstEnv, tcLookupGlobalId )
+import InstEnv ( lookupInstEnv, classInstEnv, InstLookupResult(..) )
+import TcMType ( zonkTcTyVarsAndFV, tcInstTyVars, checkAmbiguity )
+import TcType ( TcTyVar, TcTyVarSet, ThetaType,
+ mkClassPred, isOverloadedTy, mkTyConApp,
+ mkTyVarTy, tcGetTyVar, isTyVarClassPred, mkTyVarTys,
+ tyVarsOfPred, isIPPred, inheritablePred, predHasFDs )
+import Id ( idType, mkUserLocal )
+import Var ( TyVar )
+import Name ( getOccName, getSrcLoc )
+import NameSet ( NameSet, mkNameSet, elemNameSet )
+import Class ( classBigSig )
+import FunDeps ( oclose, grow, improve, pprEquationDoc )
+import PrelInfo ( isNumericClass, isCreturnableClass, isCcallishClass,
+ splitName, fstName, sndName )
+
+import Subst ( mkTopTyVarSubst, substTheta, substTy )
+import TysWiredIn ( unitTy, pairTyCon )
+import VarSet
+import FiniteMap
+import Outputable
+import ListSetOps ( equivClasses )
+import Util ( zipEqual )
+import List ( partition )
+import CmdLineOpts
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
-\subsection[tcSimplify-main]{Main entry function}
+\subsection{NOTES}
%* *
%************************************************************************
-* May modify the substitution to bind ambiguous type variables.
+ --------------------------------------
+ Notes on quantification
+ --------------------------------------
-Specification
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-(1) If an inst constrains only ``global'' type variables, (or none),
- return it as a ``global'' inst.
+Suppose we are about to do a generalisation step.
+We have in our hand
-OTHERWISE
+ G the environment
+ T the type of the RHS
+ C the constraints from that RHS
-(2) Simplify it repeatedly (checking for (1) of course) until it is a dict
- constraining only a type variable.
+The game is to figure out
-(3) If it constrains a ``local'' type variable, return it as a ``local'' inst.
- Otherwise it must be ambiguous, so try to resolve the ambiguity.
+ Q the set of type variables over which to quantify
+ Ct the constraints we will *not* quantify over
+ Cq the constraints we will quantify over
+So we're going to infer the type
-\begin{code}
-tcSimpl :: Bool -- True <=> simplify const insts
- -> TcTyVarSet s -- ``Global'' type variables
- -> TcTyVarSet s -- ``Local'' type variables
- -- ASSERT: both these tyvar sets are already zonked
- -> LIE s -- Given; these constrain only local tyvars
- -> LIE s -- Wanted
- -> TcM s (LIE s, -- Free
- [(TcIdOcc s,TcExpr s)], -- Bindings
- LIE s) -- Remaining wanteds; no dups
-
-tcSimpl squash_consts global_tvs local_tvs givens wanteds
- = -- ASSSERT: global_tvs and local_tvs are already zonked
- -- Make sure the insts fixed points of the substitution
- zonkLIE givens `thenNF_Tc` \ givens ->
- zonkLIE wanteds `thenNF_Tc` \ wanteds ->
-
- -- Deal with duplicates and type constructors
- elimTyCons
- squash_consts (\tv -> tv `elementOfTyVarSet` global_tvs)
- givens wanteds `thenTc` \ (globals, tycon_binds, locals_and_ambigs) ->
-
- -- Now disambiguate if necessary
- let
- ambigs = filterBag is_ambiguous locals_and_ambigs
- in
- if not (isEmptyBag ambigs) then
- -- Some ambiguous dictionaries. We now disambiguate them,
- -- which binds the offending type variables to suitable types in the
- -- substitution, and then we retry the whole process. This
- -- time there won't be any ambiguous ones.
- -- There's no need to back-substitute on global and local tvs,
- -- because the ambiguous type variables can't be in either.
+ forall Q. Cq => T
- -- Why do we retry the whole process? Because binding a type variable
- -- to a particular type might enable a short-cut simplification which
- -- elimTyCons will have missed the first time.
+and float the constraints Ct further outwards.
- disambiguateDicts ambigs `thenTc_`
- tcSimpl squash_consts global_tvs local_tvs givens wanteds
+Here are the things that *must* be true:
- else
- -- No ambiguous dictionaries. Just bash on with the results
- -- of the elimTyCons
+ (A) Q intersect fv(G) = EMPTY limits how big Q can be
+ (B) Q superset fv(Cq union T) \ oclose(fv(G),C) limits how small Q can be
- -- Check for non-generalisable insts
- let
- locals = locals_and_ambigs -- ambigs is empty
- cant_generalise = filterBag (not . instCanBeGeneralised) locals
- in
- checkTc (isEmptyBag cant_generalise)
- (genCantGenErr cant_generalise) `thenTc_`
+(A) says we can't quantify over a variable that's free in the
+environment. (B) says we must quantify over all the truly free
+variables in T, else we won't get a sufficiently general type. We do
+not *need* to quantify over any variable that is fixed by the free
+vars of the environment G.
+ BETWEEN THESE TWO BOUNDS, ANY Q WILL DO!
- -- Deal with superclass relationships
- elimSCs givens locals `thenNF_Tc` \ (sc_binds, locals2) ->
+Example: class H x y | x->y where ...
- -- Finished
- returnTc (globals, bagToList (sc_binds `unionBags` tycon_binds), locals2)
- where
- is_ambiguous (Dict _ _ ty _ _)
- = not (getTyVar "is_ambiguous" ty `elementOfTyVarSet` local_tvs)
-\end{code}
+ fv(G) = {a} C = {H a b, H c d}
+ T = c -> b
-The main wrapper is @tcSimplify@. It just calls @tcSimpl@, but with
-the ``don't-squash-consts'' flag set depending on top-level ness. For
-top level defns we *do* squash constants, so that they stay local to a
-single defn. This makes things which are inlined more likely to be
-exportable, because their constants are "inside". Later passes will
-float them out if poss, after inlinings are sorted out.
+ (A) Q intersect {a} is empty
+ (B) Q superset {a,b,c,d} \ oclose({a}, C) = {a,b,c,d} \ {a,b} = {c,d}
-\begin{code}
-tcSimplify
- :: TcTyVarSet s -- ``Local'' type variables
- -> LIE s -- Wanted
- -> TcM s (LIE s, -- Free
- [(TcIdOcc s,TcExpr s)], -- Bindings
- LIE s) -- Remaining wanteds; no dups
-
-tcSimplify local_tvs wanteds
- = tcGetGlobalTyVars `thenNF_Tc` \ global_tvs ->
- tcSimpl False global_tvs local_tvs emptyBag wanteds
-\end{code}
+ So Q can be {c,d}, {b,c,d}
-@tcSimplifyWithExtraGlobals@ is just like @tcSimplify@ except that you get
-to specify some extra global type variables that the simplifer will treat
-as free in the environment.
+Other things being equal, however, we'd like to quantify over as few
+variables as possible: smaller types, fewer type applications, more
+constraints can get into Ct instead of Cq.
-\begin{code}
-tcSimplifyWithExtraGlobals
- :: TcTyVarSet s -- Extra ``Global'' type variables
- -> TcTyVarSet s -- ``Local'' type variables
- -> LIE s -- Wanted
- -> TcM s (LIE s, -- Free
- [(TcIdOcc s,TcExpr s)], -- Bindings
- LIE s) -- Remaining wanteds; no dups
-
-tcSimplifyWithExtraGlobals extra_global_tvs local_tvs wanteds
- = tcGetGlobalTyVars `thenNF_Tc` \ global_tvs ->
- tcSimpl False
- (global_tvs `unionTyVarSets` extra_global_tvs)
- local_tvs emptyBag wanteds
-\end{code}
-@tcSimplifyAndCheck@ is similar to the above, except that it checks
-that there is an empty wanted-set at the end. It may still return
-some of constant insts, which have to be resolved finally at the end.
+-----------------------------------------
+We will make use of
+
+ fv(T) the free type vars of T
+
+ oclose(vs,C) The result of extending the set of tyvars vs
+ using the functional dependencies from C
+
+ grow(vs,C) The result of extend the set of tyvars vs
+ using all conceivable links from C.
+
+ E.g. vs = {a}, C = {H [a] b, K (b,Int) c, Eq e}
+ Then grow(vs,C) = {a,b,c}
+
+ Note that grow(vs,C) `superset` grow(vs,simplify(C))
+ That is, simplfication can only shrink the result of grow.
+
+Notice that
+ oclose is conservative one way: v `elem` oclose(vs,C) => v is definitely fixed by vs
+ grow is conservative the other way: if v might be fixed by vs => v `elem` grow(vs,C)
+
+
+-----------------------------------------
+
+Choosing Q
+~~~~~~~~~~
+Here's a good way to choose Q:
+
+ Q = grow( fv(T), C ) \ oclose( fv(G), C )
+
+That is, quantify over all variable that that MIGHT be fixed by the
+call site (which influences T), but which aren't DEFINITELY fixed by
+G. This choice definitely quantifies over enough type variables,
+albeit perhaps too many.
+
+Why grow( fv(T), C ) rather than fv(T)? Consider
+
+ class H x y | x->y where ...
+
+ T = c->c
+ C = (H c d)
+
+ If we used fv(T) = {c} we'd get the type
+
+ forall c. H c d => c -> b
+
+ And then if the fn was called at several different c's, each of
+ which fixed d differently, we'd get a unification error, because
+ d isn't quantified. Solution: quantify d. So we must quantify
+ everything that might be influenced by c.
+
+Why not oclose( fv(T), C )? Because we might not be able to see
+all the functional dependencies yet:
+
+ class H x y | x->y where ...
+ instance H x y => Eq (T x y) where ...
+
+ T = c->c
+ C = (Eq (T c d))
+
+ Now oclose(fv(T),C) = {c}, because the functional dependency isn't
+ apparent yet, and that's wrong. We must really quantify over d too.
+
+
+There really isn't any point in quantifying over any more than
+grow( fv(T), C ), because the call sites can't possibly influence
+any other type variables.
+
+
+
+ --------------------------------------
+ Notes on ambiguity
+ --------------------------------------
+
+It's very hard to be certain when a type is ambiguous. Consider
+
+ class K x
+ class H x y | x -> y
+ instance H x y => K (x,y)
+
+Is this type ambiguous?
+ forall a b. (K (a,b), Eq b) => a -> a
+
+Looks like it! But if we simplify (K (a,b)) we get (H a b) and
+now we see that a fixes b. So we can't tell about ambiguity for sure
+without doing a full simplification. And even that isn't possible if
+the context has some free vars that may get unified. Urgle!
+
+Here's another example: is this ambiguous?
+ forall a b. Eq (T b) => a -> a
+Not if there's an insance decl (with no context)
+ instance Eq (T b) where ...
+
+You may say of this example that we should use the instance decl right
+away, but you can't always do that:
+
+ class J a b where ...
+ instance J Int b where ...
+
+ f :: forall a b. J a b => a -> a
+
+(Notice: no functional dependency in J's class decl.)
+Here f's type is perfectly fine, provided f is only called at Int.
+It's premature to complain when meeting f's signature, or even
+when inferring a type for f.
+
+
+
+However, we don't *need* to report ambiguity right away. It'll always
+show up at the call site.... and eventually at main, which needs special
+treatment. Nevertheless, reporting ambiguity promptly is an excellent thing.
+
+So here's the plan. We WARN about probable ambiguity if
+
+ fv(Cq) is not a subset of oclose(fv(T) union fv(G), C)
+
+(all tested before quantification).
+That is, all the type variables in Cq must be fixed by the the variables
+in the environment, or by the variables in the type.
+
+Notice that we union before calling oclose. Here's an example:
+
+ class J a b c | a b -> c
+ fv(G) = {a}
+
+Is this ambiguous?
+ forall b c. (J a b c) => b -> b
+
+Only if we union {a} from G with {b} from T before using oclose,
+do we see that c is fixed.
+
+It's a bit vague exactly which C we should use for this oclose call. If we
+don't fix enough variables we might complain when we shouldn't (see
+the above nasty example). Nothing will be perfect. That's why we can
+only issue a warning.
+
+
+Can we ever be *certain* about ambiguity? Yes: if there's a constraint
+
+ c in C such that fv(c) intersect (fv(G) union fv(T)) = EMPTY
+
+then c is a "bubble"; there's no way it can ever improve, and it's
+certainly ambiguous. UNLESS it is a constant (sigh). And what about
+the nasty example?
+
+ class K x
+ class H x y | x -> y
+ instance H x y => K (x,y)
+
+Is this type ambiguous?
+ forall a b. (K (a,b), Eq b) => a -> a
+
+Urk. The (Eq b) looks "definitely ambiguous" but it isn't. What we are after
+is a "bubble" that's a set of constraints
+
+ Cq = Ca union Cq' st fv(Ca) intersect (fv(Cq') union fv(T) union fv(G)) = EMPTY
+
+Hence another idea. To decide Q start with fv(T) and grow it
+by transitive closure in Cq (no functional dependencies involved).
+Now partition Cq using Q, leaving the definitely-ambiguous and probably-ok.
+The definitely-ambiguous can then float out, and get smashed at top level
+(which squashes out the constants, like Eq (T a) above)
+
+
+ --------------------------------------
+ Notes on principal types
+ --------------------------------------
+
+ class C a where
+ op :: a -> a
+
+ f x = let g y = op (y::Int) in True
+
+Here the principal type of f is (forall a. a->a)
+but we'll produce the non-principal type
+ f :: forall a. C Int => a -> a
+
+
+ --------------------------------------
+ Notes on implicit parameters
+ --------------------------------------
+
+Question 1: can we "inherit" implicit parameters
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Consider this:
+
+ f x = (x::Int) + ?y
+
+where f is *not* a top-level binding.
+From the RHS of f we'll get the constraint (?y::Int).
+There are two types we might infer for f:
+
+ f :: Int -> Int
+
+(so we get ?y from the context of f's definition), or
+
+ f :: (?y::Int) => Int -> Int
+
+At first you might think the first was better, becuase then
+?y behaves like a free variable of the definition, rather than
+having to be passed at each call site. But of course, the WHOLE
+IDEA is that ?y should be passed at each call site (that's what
+dynamic binding means) so we'd better infer the second.
+
+BOTTOM LINE: when *inferring types* you *must* quantify
+over implicit parameters. See the predicate isFreeWhenInferring.
+
+
+Question 2: type signatures
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+BUT WATCH OUT: When you supply a type signature, we can't force you
+to quantify over implicit parameters. For example:
+
+ (?x + 1) :: Int
+
+This is perfectly reasonable. We do not want to insist on
+
+ (?x + 1) :: (?x::Int => Int)
+
+That would be silly. Here, the definition site *is* the occurrence site,
+so the above strictures don't apply. Hence the difference between
+tcSimplifyCheck (which *does* allow implicit paramters to be inherited)
+and tcSimplifyCheckBind (which does not).
+
+What about when you supply a type signature for a binding?
+Is it legal to give the following explicit, user type
+signature to f, thus:
+
+ f :: Int -> Int
+ f x = (x::Int) + ?y
+
+At first sight this seems reasonable, but it has the nasty property
+that adding a type signature changes the dynamic semantics.
+Consider this:
+
+ (let f x = (x::Int) + ?y
+ in (f 3, f 3 with ?y=5)) with ?y = 6
+
+ returns (3+6, 3+5)
+vs
+ (let f :: Int -> Int
+ f x = x + ?y
+ in (f 3, f 3 with ?y=5)) with ?y = 6
+
+ returns (3+6, 3+6)
+
+Indeed, simply inlining f (at the Haskell source level) would change the
+dynamic semantics.
+
+Nevertheless, as Launchbury says (email Oct 01) we can't really give the
+semantics for a Haskell program without knowing its typing, so if you
+change the typing you may change the semantics.
+
+To make things consistent in all cases where we are *checking* against
+a supplied signature (as opposed to inferring a type), we adopt the
+rule:
+
+ a signature does not need to quantify over implicit params.
+
+[This represents a (rather marginal) change of policy since GHC 5.02,
+which *required* an explicit signature to quantify over all implicit
+params for the reasons mentioned above.]
+
+But that raises a new question. Consider
+
+ Given (signature) ?x::Int
+ Wanted (inferred) ?x::Int, ?y::Bool
+
+Clearly we want to discharge the ?x and float the ?y out. But
+what is the criterion that distinguishes them? Clearly it isn't
+what free type variables they have. The Right Thing seems to be
+to float a constraint that
+ neither mentions any of the quantified type variables
+ nor any of the quantified implicit parameters
+
+See the predicate isFreeWhenChecking.
+
+
+Question 3: monomorphism
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+There's a nasty corner case when the monomorphism restriction bites:
+
+ z = (x::Int) + ?y
+
+The argument above suggests that we *must* generalise
+over the ?y parameter, to get
+ z :: (?y::Int) => Int,
+but the monomorphism restriction says that we *must not*, giving
+ z :: Int.
+Why does the momomorphism restriction say this? Because if you have
+
+ let z = x + ?y in z+z
+
+you might not expect the addition to be done twice --- but it will if
+we follow the argument of Question 2 and generalise over ?y.
+
+
+
+Possible choices
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+(A) Always generalise over implicit parameters
+ Bindings that fall under the monomorphism restriction can't
+ be generalised
+
+ Consequences:
+ * Inlining remains valid
+ * No unexpected loss of sharing
+ * But simple bindings like
+ z = ?y + 1
+ will be rejected, unless you add an explicit type signature
+ (to avoid the monomorphism restriction)
+ z :: (?y::Int) => Int
+ z = ?y + 1
+ This seems unacceptable
+
+(B) Monomorphism restriction "wins"
+ Bindings that fall under the monomorphism restriction can't
+ be generalised
+ Always generalise over implicit parameters *except* for bindings
+ that fall under the monomorphism restriction
+
+ Consequences
+ * Inlining isn't valid in general
+ * No unexpected loss of sharing
+ * Simple bindings like
+ z = ?y + 1
+ accepted (get value of ?y from binding site)
+
+(C) Always generalise over implicit parameters
+ Bindings that fall under the monomorphism restriction can't
+ be generalised, EXCEPT for implicit parameters
+ Consequences
+ * Inlining remains valid
+ * Unexpected loss of sharing (from the extra generalisation)
+ * Simple bindings like
+ z = ?y + 1
+ accepted (get value of ?y from occurrence sites)
+
+
+Discussion
+~~~~~~~~~~
+None of these choices seems very satisfactory. But at least we should
+decide which we want to do.
+
+It's really not clear what is the Right Thing To Do. If you see
+
+ z = (x::Int) + ?y
+
+would you expect the value of ?y to be got from the *occurrence sites*
+of 'z', or from the valuue of ?y at the *definition* of 'z'? In the
+case of function definitions, the answer is clearly the former, but
+less so in the case of non-fucntion definitions. On the other hand,
+if we say that we get the value of ?y from the definition site of 'z',
+then inlining 'z' might change the semantics of the program.
+
+Choice (C) really says "the monomorphism restriction doesn't apply
+to implicit parameters". Which is fine, but remember that every
+innocent binding 'x = ...' that mentions an implicit parameter in
+the RHS becomes a *function* of that parameter, called at each
+use of 'x'. Now, the chances are that there are no intervening 'with'
+clauses that bind ?y, so a decent compiler should common up all
+those function calls. So I think I strongly favour (C). Indeed,
+one could make a similar argument for abolishing the monomorphism
+restriction altogether.
+
+BOTTOM LINE: we choose (B) at present. See tcSimplifyRestricted
+
+
+
+%************************************************************************
+%* *
+\subsection{tcSimplifyInfer}
+%* *
+%************************************************************************
+
+tcSimplify is called when we *inferring* a type. Here's the overall game plan:
+
+ 1. Compute Q = grow( fvs(T), C )
+
+ 2. Partition C based on Q into Ct and Cq. Notice that ambiguous
+ predicates will end up in Ct; we deal with them at the top level
+
+ 3. Try improvement, using functional dependencies
+
+ 4. If Step 3 did any unification, repeat from step 1
+ (Unification can change the result of 'grow'.)
+
+Note: we don't reduce dictionaries in step 2. For example, if we have
+Eq (a,b), we don't simplify to (Eq a, Eq b). So Q won't be different
+after step 2. However note that we may therefore quantify over more
+type variables than we absolutely have to.
+
+For the guts, we need a loop, that alternates context reduction and
+improvement with unification. E.g. Suppose we have
+
+ class C x y | x->y where ...
+
+and tcSimplify is called with:
+ (C Int a, C Int b)
+Then improvement unifies a with b, giving
+ (C Int a, C Int a)
+
+If we need to unify anything, we rattle round the whole thing all over
+again.
+
\begin{code}
-tcSimplifyAndCheck
- :: TcTyVarSet s -- ``Local'' type variables; ASSERT is fixpoint
- -> LIE s -- Given
- -> LIE s -- Wanted
- -> TcM s (LIE s, -- Free
- [(TcIdOcc s,TcExpr s)]) -- Bindings
-
-tcSimplifyAndCheck local_tvs givens wanteds
- = tcGetGlobalTyVars `thenNF_Tc` \ global_tvs ->
- tcSimpl False global_tvs local_tvs
- givens wanteds `thenTc` \ (free_insts, binds, wanteds') ->
- checkTc (isEmptyBag wanteds')
- (reduceErr wanteds') `thenTc_`
- returnTc (free_insts, binds)
+tcSimplifyInfer
+ :: SDoc
+ -> TcTyVarSet -- fv(T); type vars
+ -> LIE -- Wanted
+ -> TcM ([TcTyVar], -- Tyvars to quantify (zonked)
+ LIE, -- Free
+ TcDictBinds, -- Bindings
+ [TcId]) -- Dict Ids that must be bound here (zonked)
\end{code}
-@tcSimplifyRank2@ checks that the argument of a rank-2 polymorphic function
-is not overloaded.
\begin{code}
-tcSimplifyRank2 :: TcTyVarSet s -- ``Local'' type variables; ASSERT is fixpoint
- -> LIE s -- Given
- -> TcM s (LIE s, -- Free
- [(TcIdOcc s,TcExpr s)]) -- Bindings
+tcSimplifyInfer doc tau_tvs wanted_lie
+ = inferLoop doc (varSetElems tau_tvs)
+ (lieToList wanted_lie) `thenTc` \ (qtvs, frees, binds, irreds) ->
+ -- Check for non-generalisable insts
+ mapTc_ addCantGenErr (filter (not . instCanBeGeneralised) irreds) `thenTc_`
-tcSimplifyRank2 local_tvs givens
- = zonkLIE givens `thenNF_Tc` \ givens' ->
- elimTyCons True
- (\tv -> not (tv `elementOfTyVarSet` local_tvs))
- -- This predicate claims that all
- -- any non-local tyvars are global,
- -- thereby postponing dealing with
- -- ambiguity until the enclosing Gen
- emptyLIE givens' `thenTc` \ (free, dict_binds, wanteds) ->
+ returnTc (qtvs, mkLIE frees, binds, map instToId irreds)
- checkTc (isEmptyBag wanteds) (reduceErr wanteds) `thenTc_`
+inferLoop doc tau_tvs wanteds
+ = -- Step 1
+ zonkTcTyVarsAndFV tau_tvs `thenNF_Tc` \ tau_tvs' ->
+ mapNF_Tc zonkInst wanteds `thenNF_Tc` \ wanteds' ->
+ tcGetGlobalTyVars `thenNF_Tc` \ gbl_tvs ->
+ let
+ preds = predsOfInsts wanteds'
+ qtvs = grow preds tau_tvs' `minusVarSet` oclose preds gbl_tvs
+
+ try_me inst
+ | isFreeWhenInferring qtvs inst = Free
+ | isClassDict inst = DontReduceUnlessConstant -- Dicts
+ | otherwise = ReduceMe -- Lits and Methods
+ in
+ -- Step 2
+ reduceContext doc try_me [] wanteds' `thenTc` \ (no_improvement, frees, binds, irreds) ->
- returnTc (free, bagToList dict_binds)
+ -- Step 3
+ if no_improvement then
+ returnTc (varSetElems qtvs, frees, binds, irreds)
+ else
+ -- If improvement did some unification, we go round again. There
+ -- are two subtleties:
+ -- a) We start again with irreds, not wanteds
+ -- Using an instance decl might have introduced a fresh type variable
+ -- which might have been unified, so we'd get an infinite loop
+ -- if we started again with wanteds! See example [LOOP]
+ --
+ -- b) It's also essential to re-process frees, because unification
+ -- might mean that a type variable that looked free isn't now.
+ --
+ -- Hence the (irreds ++ frees)
+
+ -- However, NOTICE that when we are done, we might have some bindings, but
+ -- the final qtvs might be empty. See [NO TYVARS] below.
+
+ inferLoop doc tau_tvs (irreds ++ frees) `thenTc` \ (qtvs1, frees1, binds1, irreds1) ->
+ returnTc (qtvs1, frees1, binds `AndMonoBinds` binds1, irreds1)
\end{code}
-@tcSimplifyTop@ deals with constant @Insts@, using the standard simplification
-mechansim with the extra flag to say ``beat out constant insts''.
+Example [LOOP]
+
+ class If b t e r | b t e -> r
+ instance If T t e t
+ instance If F t e e
+ class Lte a b c | a b -> c where lte :: a -> b -> c
+ instance Lte Z b T
+ instance (Lte a b l,If l b a c) => Max a b c
+
+Wanted: Max Z (S x) y
+
+Then we'll reduce using the Max instance to:
+ (Lte Z (S x) l, If l (S x) Z y)
+and improve by binding l->T, after which we can do some reduction
+on both the Lte and If constraints. What we *can't* do is start again
+with (Max Z (S x) y)!
+
+[NO TYVARS]
+
+ class Y a b | a -> b where
+ y :: a -> X b
+
+ instance Y [[a]] a where
+ y ((x:_):_) = X x
+
+ k :: X a -> X a -> X a
+
+ g :: Num a => [X a] -> [X a]
+ g xs = h xs
+ where
+ h ys = ys ++ map (k (y [[0]])) xs
+
+The excitement comes when simplifying the bindings for h. Initially
+try to simplify {y @ [[t1]] t2, 0 @ t1}, with initial qtvs = {t2}.
+From this we get t1:=:t2, but also various bindings. We can't forget
+the bindings (because of [LOOP]), but in fact t1 is what g is
+polymorphic in.
+
+The net effect of [NO TYVARS]
\begin{code}
-tcSimplifyTop :: LIE s -> TcM s [(TcIdOcc s, TcExpr s)]
-tcSimplifyTop dicts
- = tcSimpl True emptyTyVarSet emptyTyVarSet emptyBag dicts `thenTc` \ (_, binds, _) ->
- returnTc binds
+isFreeWhenInferring :: TyVarSet -> Inst -> Bool
+isFreeWhenInferring qtvs inst
+ = isFreeWrtTyVars qtvs inst -- Constrains no quantified vars
+ && all inheritablePred (predsOfInst inst) -- And no implicit parameter involved
+ -- (see "Notes on implicit parameters")
+
+isFreeWhenChecking :: TyVarSet -- Quantified tyvars
+ -> NameSet -- Quantified implicit parameters
+ -> Inst -> Bool
+isFreeWhenChecking qtvs ips inst
+ = isFreeWrtTyVars qtvs inst
+ && isFreeWrtIPs ips inst
+
+isFreeWrtTyVars qtvs inst = not (tyVarsOfInst inst `intersectsVarSet` qtvs)
+isFreeWrtIPs ips inst = not (any (`elemNameSet` ips) (ipNamesOfInst inst))
\end{code}
+
%************************************************************************
%* *
-\subsection[elimTyCons]{@elimTyCons@}
+\subsection{tcSimplifyCheck}
%* *
%************************************************************************
+@tcSimplifyCheck@ is used when we know exactly the set of variables
+we are going to quantify over. For example, a class or instance declaration.
+
\begin{code}
-elimTyCons :: Bool -- True <=> Simplify const insts
- -> (TcTyVar s -> Bool) -- Free tyvar predicate
- -> LIE s -- Given
- -> LIE s -- Wanted
- -> TcM s (LIE s, -- Free
- Bag (TcIdOcc s, TcExpr s), -- Bindings
- LIE s -- Remaining wanteds; no dups;
- -- dicts only (no Methods)
- )
+tcSimplifyCheck
+ :: SDoc
+ -> [TcTyVar] -- Quantify over these
+ -> [Inst] -- Given
+ -> LIE -- Wanted
+ -> TcM (LIE, -- Free
+ TcDictBinds) -- Bindings
+
+-- tcSimplifyCheck is used when checking expression type signatures,
+-- class decls, instance decls etc.
+-- Note that we psss isFree (not isFreeAndInheritable) to tcSimplCheck
+-- It's important that we can float out non-inheritable predicates
+-- Example: (?x :: Int) is ok!
+tcSimplifyCheck doc qtvs givens wanted_lie
+ = tcSimplCheck doc get_qtvs
+ givens wanted_lie `thenTc` \ (qtvs', frees, binds) ->
+ returnTc (frees, binds)
+ where
+ get_qtvs = zonkTcTyVarsAndFV qtvs
+
+
+-- tcSimplifyInferCheck is used when we know the constraints we are to simplify
+-- against, but we don't know the type variables over which we are going to quantify.
+-- This happens when we have a type signature for a mutually recursive group
+tcSimplifyInferCheck
+ :: SDoc
+ -> TcTyVarSet -- fv(T)
+ -> [Inst] -- Given
+ -> LIE -- Wanted
+ -> TcM ([TcTyVar], -- Variables over which to quantify
+ LIE, -- Free
+ TcDictBinds) -- Bindings
+
+tcSimplifyInferCheck doc tau_tvs givens wanted_lie
+ = tcSimplCheck doc get_qtvs givens wanted_lie
+ where
+ -- Figure out which type variables to quantify over
+ -- You might think it should just be the signature tyvars,
+ -- but in bizarre cases you can get extra ones
+ -- f :: forall a. Num a => a -> a
+ -- f x = fst (g (x, head [])) + 1
+ -- g a b = (b,a)
+ -- Here we infer g :: forall a b. a -> b -> (b,a)
+ -- We don't want g to be monomorphic in b just because
+ -- f isn't quantified over b.
+ all_tvs = varSetElems (tau_tvs `unionVarSet` tyVarsOfInsts givens)
+
+ get_qtvs = zonkTcTyVarsAndFV all_tvs `thenNF_Tc` \ all_tvs' ->
+ tcGetGlobalTyVars `thenNF_Tc` \ gbl_tvs ->
+ let
+ qtvs = all_tvs' `minusVarSet` gbl_tvs
+ -- We could close gbl_tvs, but its not necessary for
+ -- soundness, and it'll only affect which tyvars, not which
+ -- dictionaries, we quantify over
+ in
+ returnNF_Tc qtvs
\end{code}
-The bindings returned may mention any or all of ``givens'', so the
-order in which the generated binds are put together is {\em tricky}.
-Case~4 of @try@ is the general case to see.
-
-When we do @eTC givens (wanted:wanteds)@ [some details omitted], we...
+Here is the workhorse function for all three wrappers.
- (1) first look up @wanted@; this gives us one binding to heave in:
- wanted = rhs
-
- (2) step (1) also gave us some @simpler_wanteds@; we simplify
- these and get some (simpler-wanted-)bindings {\em that must be
- in scope} for the @wanted=rhs@ binding above!
-
- (3) we simplify the remaining @wanteds@ (recursive call), giving
- us yet more bindings.
+\begin{code}
+tcSimplCheck doc get_qtvs givens wanted_lie
+ = check_loop givens (lieToList wanted_lie) `thenTc` \ (qtvs, frees, binds, irreds) ->
-The final arrangement of the {\em non-recursive} bindings is
+ -- Complain about any irreducible ones
+ complainCheck doc givens irreds `thenNF_Tc_`
- let <simpler-wanted-binds> in
- let wanted = rhs in
- let <yet-more-bindings> ...
+ -- Done
+ returnTc (qtvs, mkLIE frees, binds)
-\begin{code}
-elimTyCons squash_consts is_free_tv givens wanteds
- = eTC givens (bagToList wanteds) `thenTc` \ (_, free, binds, irreds) ->
- returnTc (free,binds,irreds)
where
--- eTC :: LIE s -> [Inst s]
--- -> TcM s (LIE s, LIE s, Bag (TcIdOcc s, TcExpr s), LIE s)
-
- eTC givens [] = returnTc (givens, emptyBag, emptyBag, emptyBag)
-
- eTC givens (wanted:wanteds)
- -- Case 0: same as an existing inst
- | maybeToBool maybe_equiv
- = eTC givens wanteds `thenTc` \ (givens1, frees, binds, irreds) ->
- let
- -- Create a new binding iff it's needed
- this = expectJust "eTC" maybe_equiv
- new_binds | instBindingRequired wanted = (instToId wanted, HsVar (instToId this))
- `consBag` binds
- | otherwise = binds
- in
- returnTc (givens1, frees, new_binds, irreds)
-
- -- Case 1: constrains no type variables at all
- -- In this case we have a quick go to see if it has an
- -- instance which requires no inputs (ie a constant); if so we use
- -- it; if not, we give up on the instance and just heave it out the
- -- top in the free result
- | isEmptyTyVarSet tvs_of_wanted
- = simplify_it squash_consts {- If squash_consts is false,
- simplify only if trival -}
- givens wanted wanteds
-
- -- Case 2: constrains free vars only, so fling it out the top in free_ids
- | all is_free_tv (tyVarSetToList tvs_of_wanted)
- = eTC (wanted `consBag` givens) wanteds `thenTc` \ (givens1, frees, binds, irreds) ->
- returnTc (givens1, wanted `consBag` frees, binds, irreds)
-
- -- Case 3: is a dict constraining only a tyvar,
- -- so return it as part of the "wanteds" result
- | isTyVarDict wanted
- = eTC (wanted `consBag` givens) wanteds `thenTc` \ (givens1, frees, binds, irreds) ->
- returnTc (givens1, frees, binds, wanted `consBag` irreds)
-
- -- Case 4: is not a simple dict, so look up in instance environment
- | otherwise
- = simplify_it True {- Simplify even if not trivial -}
- givens wanted wanteds
- where
- tvs_of_wanted = tyVarsOfInst wanted
-
- -- Look for something in "givens" that matches "wanted"
- Just the_equiv = maybe_equiv
- maybe_equiv = foldBag seqMaybe try Nothing givens
- try given | wanted `matchesInst` given = Just given
- | otherwise = Nothing
-
-
- simplify_it simplify_always givens wanted wanteds
- -- Recover immediately on no-such-instance errors
- = recoverTc (returnTc (wanted `consBag` givens, emptyLIE, emptyBag, emptyLIE))
- (simplify_one simplify_always givens wanted)
- `thenTc` \ (givens1, frees1, binds1, irreds1) ->
- eTC givens1 wanteds `thenTc` \ (givens2, frees2, binds2, irreds2) ->
- returnTc (givens2, frees1 `plusLIE` frees2,
- binds1 `unionBags` binds2,
- irreds1 `plusLIE` irreds2)
-
-
- simplify_one simplify_always givens wanted
- | not (instBindingRequired wanted)
- = -- No binding required for this chap, so squash right away
- lookupInst wanted `thenTc` \ (simpler_wanteds, _) ->
- eTC givens simpler_wanteds `thenTc` \ (givens1, frees1, binds1, irreds1) ->
- returnTc (wanted `consBag` givens1, frees1, binds1, irreds1)
-
- | otherwise
- = -- An binding is required for this inst
- lookupInst wanted `thenTc` \ (simpler_wanteds, bind@(_,rhs)) ->
-
- if (not_var rhs && not simplify_always) then
- -- Ho ho! It isn't trivial to simplify "wanted",
- -- because the rhs isn't a simple variable. Unless the flag
- -- simplify_always is set, just give up now and
- -- just fling it out the top.
- returnTc (wanted `consLIE` givens, unitLIE wanted, emptyBag, emptyLIE)
- else
- -- Aha! Either it's easy, or simplify_always is True
- -- so we must do it right here.
- eTC givens simpler_wanteds `thenTc` \ (givens1, frees1, binds1, irreds1) ->
- returnTc (wanted `consLIE` givens1, frees1,
- binds1 `snocBag` bind,
- irreds1)
-
- not_var :: TcExpr s -> Bool
- not_var (HsVar _) = False
- not_var other = True
+ ip_set = mkNameSet (ipNamesOfInsts givens)
+
+ check_loop givens wanteds
+ = -- Step 1
+ mapNF_Tc zonkInst givens `thenNF_Tc` \ givens' ->
+ mapNF_Tc zonkInst wanteds `thenNF_Tc` \ wanteds' ->
+ get_qtvs `thenNF_Tc` \ qtvs' ->
+
+ -- Step 2
+ let
+ -- When checking against a given signature we always reduce
+ -- until we find a match against something given, or can't reduce
+ try_me inst | isFreeWhenChecking qtvs' ip_set inst = Free
+ | otherwise = ReduceMe
+ in
+ reduceContext doc try_me givens' wanteds' `thenTc` \ (no_improvement, frees, binds, irreds) ->
+
+ -- Step 3
+ if no_improvement then
+ returnTc (varSetElems qtvs', frees, binds, irreds)
+ else
+ check_loop givens' (irreds ++ frees) `thenTc` \ (qtvs', frees1, binds1, irreds1) ->
+ returnTc (qtvs', frees1, binds `AndMonoBinds` binds1, irreds1)
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
-\subsection[elimSCs]{@elimSCs@}
+\subsection{tcSimplifyRestricted}
%* *
%************************************************************************
\begin{code}
-elimSCs :: LIE s -- Given; no dups
- -> LIE s -- Wanted; no dups; all dictionaries, all
- -- constraining just a type variable
- -> NF_TcM s (Bag (TcIdOcc s,TcExpr s), -- Bindings
- LIE s) -- Minimal wanted set
-
-elimSCs givens wanteds
- = -- Sort the wanteds so that subclasses occur before superclasses
- elimSCs_help
- (filterBag isDict givens) -- Filter out non-dictionaries
- (sortSC wanteds)
-
-elimSCs_help :: LIE s -- Given; no dups
- -> [Inst s] -- Wanted; no dups;
- -> NF_TcM s (Bag (TcIdOcc s, TcExpr s), -- Bindings
- LIE s) -- Minimal wanted set
-
-elimSCs_help given [] = returnNF_Tc (emptyBag, emptyLIE)
-
-elimSCs_help givens (wanted:wanteds)
- = trySC givens wanted `thenNF_Tc` \ (givens1, binds1, irreds1) ->
- elimSCs_help givens1 wanteds `thenNF_Tc` \ (binds2, irreds2) ->
- returnNF_Tc (binds1 `unionBags` binds2, irreds1 `plusLIE` irreds2)
-
-
-trySC :: LIE s -- Givens
- -> Inst s -- Wanted
- -> NF_TcM s (LIE s, -- New givens,
- Bag (TcIdOcc s,TcExpr s), -- Bindings
- LIE s) -- Irreducible wanted set
-
-trySC givens wanted@(Dict _ wanted_class wanted_ty wanted_orig loc)
- | not (maybeToBool maybe_best_subclass_chain)
- = -- No superclass relationship
- returnNF_Tc (givens, emptyBag, unitLIE wanted)
+tcSimplifyRestricted -- Used for restricted binding groups
+ -- i.e. ones subject to the monomorphism restriction
+ :: SDoc
+ -> TcTyVarSet -- Free in the type of the RHSs
+ -> LIE -- Free in the RHSs
+ -> TcM ([TcTyVar], -- Tyvars to quantify (zonked)
+ LIE, -- Free
+ TcDictBinds) -- Bindings
+
+tcSimplifyRestricted doc tau_tvs wanted_lie
+ = -- First squash out all methods, to find the constrained tyvars
+ -- We can't just take the free vars of wanted_lie because that'll
+ -- have methods that may incidentally mention entirely unconstrained variables
+ -- e.g. a call to f :: Eq a => a -> b -> b
+ -- Here, b is unconstrained. A good example would be
+ -- foo = f (3::Int)
+ -- We want to infer the polymorphic type
+ -- foo :: forall b. b -> b
+ let
+ wanteds = lieToList wanted_lie
+ try_me inst = ReduceMe -- Reduce as far as we can. Don't stop at
+ -- dicts; the idea is to get rid of as many type
+ -- variables as possible, and we don't want to stop
+ -- at (say) Monad (ST s), because that reduces
+ -- immediately, with no constraint on s.
+ in
+ simpleReduceLoop doc try_me wanteds `thenTc` \ (_, _, constrained_dicts) ->
- | otherwise
- = -- There's a subclass relationship with a "given"
- -- Build intermediate dictionaries
+ -- Next, figure out the tyvars we will quantify over
+ zonkTcTyVarsAndFV (varSetElems tau_tvs) `thenNF_Tc` \ tau_tvs' ->
+ tcGetGlobalTyVars `thenNF_Tc` \ gbl_tvs ->
let
- theta = [ (clas, wanted_ty) | clas <- reverse classes ]
- -- The reverse is because the list comes back in the "wrong" order I think
+ constrained_tvs = tyVarsOfInsts constrained_dicts
+ qtvs = (tau_tvs' `minusVarSet` oclose (predsOfInsts constrained_dicts) gbl_tvs)
+ `minusVarSet` constrained_tvs
in
- newDictsAtLoc wanted_orig loc theta `thenNF_Tc` \ (intermediates, _) ->
- -- Create bindings for the wanted dictionary and the intermediates.
- -- Later binds may depend on earlier ones, so each new binding is pushed
- -- on the front of the accumulating parameter list of bindings
+ -- The first step may have squashed more methods than
+ -- necessary, so try again, this time knowing the exact
+ -- set of type variables to quantify over.
+ --
+ -- We quantify only over constraints that are captured by qtvs;
+ -- these will just be a subset of non-dicts. This in contrast
+ -- to normal inference (using isFreeWhenInferring) in which we quantify over
+ -- all *non-inheritable* constraints too. This implements choice
+ -- (B) under "implicit parameter and monomorphism" above.
+ --
+ -- Remember that we may need to do *some* simplification, to
+ -- (for example) squash {Monad (ST s)} into {}. It's not enough
+ -- just to float all constraints
+ mapNF_Tc zonkInst (lieToList wanted_lie) `thenNF_Tc` \ wanteds' ->
let
- mk_bind (dict,clas) dict_sub@(Dict _ dict_sub_class ty _ _)
- = ((dict_sub, dict_sub_class),
- (instToId dict, DictApp (TyApp (HsVar (RealId (classSuperDictSelId dict_sub_class
- clas)))
- [ty])
- [instToId dict_sub]))
- (_, new_binds) = mapAccumR mk_bind (wanted,wanted_class) (given : intermediates)
+ try_me inst | isFreeWrtTyVars qtvs inst = Free
+ | otherwise = ReduceMe
in
- returnNF_Tc (wanted `consLIE` givens `plusLIE` listToBag intermediates,
- listToBag new_binds,
- emptyLIE)
+ reduceContext doc try_me [] wanteds' `thenTc` \ (no_improvement, frees, binds, irreds) ->
+ ASSERT( no_improvement )
+ ASSERT( null irreds )
+ -- No need to loop because simpleReduceLoop will have
+ -- already done any improvement necessary
- where
- maybe_best_subclass_chain = foldBag choose_best find_subclass_chain Nothing givens
- Just (given, classes, _) = maybe_best_subclass_chain
+ returnTc (varSetElems qtvs, mkLIE frees, binds)
+\end{code}
+
+
+%************************************************************************
+%* *
+\subsection{tcSimplifyToDicts}
+%* *
+%************************************************************************
+
+On the LHS of transformation rules we only simplify methods and constants,
+getting dictionaries. We want to keep all of them unsimplified, to serve
+as the available stuff for the RHS of the rule.
+
+The same thing is used for specialise pragmas. Consider
+
+ f :: Num a => a -> a
+ {-# SPECIALISE f :: Int -> Int #-}
+ f = ...
+
+The type checker generates a binding like:
- choose_best c1@(Just (_,_,n1)) c2@(Just (_,_,n2)) | n1 <= n2 = c1
- | otherwise = c2
- choose_best Nothing c2 = c2
- choose_best c1 Nothing = c1
+ f_spec = (f :: Int -> Int)
- find_subclass_chain given@(Dict _ given_class given_ty _ _)
- | wanted_ty `eqSimpleTy` given_ty
- = case (wanted_class `isSuperClassOf` given_class) of
+and we want to end up with
- Just classes -> Just (given,
- classes,
- length classes)
+ f_spec = _inline_me_ (f Int dNumInt)
- Nothing -> Nothing
+But that means that we must simplify the Method for f to (f Int dNumInt)!
+So tcSimplifyToDicts squeezes out all Methods.
- | otherwise = Nothing
+IMPORTANT NOTE: we *don't* want to do superclass commoning up. Consider
+ fromIntegral :: (Integral a, Num b) => a -> b
+ {-# RULES "foo" fromIntegral = id :: Int -> Int #-}
-sortSC :: LIE s -- Expected to be all dicts (no MethodIds), all of
- -- which constrain type variables
- -> [Inst s] -- Sorted with subclasses before superclasses
+Here, a=b=Int, and Num Int is a superclass of Integral Int. But we *dont*
+want to get
+
+ forall dIntegralInt.
+ fromIntegral Int Int dIntegralInt (scsel dIntegralInt) = id Int
+
+because the scsel will mess up matching. Instead we want
+
+ forall dIntegralInt, dNumInt.
+ fromIntegral Int Int dIntegralInt dNumInt = id Int
+
+Hence "DontReduce NoSCs"
+
+\begin{code}
+tcSimplifyToDicts :: LIE -> TcM ([Inst], TcDictBinds)
+tcSimplifyToDicts wanted_lie
+ = simpleReduceLoop doc try_me wanteds `thenTc` \ (frees, binds, irreds) ->
+ -- Since try_me doesn't look at types, we don't need to
+ -- do any zonking, so it's safe to call reduceContext directly
+ ASSERT( null frees )
+ returnTc (irreds, binds)
-sortSC dicts = sortLt lt (bagToList dicts)
where
- (Dict _ c1 ty1 _ _) `lt` (Dict _ c2 ty2 _ _)
- = if ty1 `eqSimpleTy` ty2 then
- maybeToBool (c2 `isSuperClassOf` c1)
- else
- -- Order is immaterial, I think...
- False
+ doc = text "tcSimplifyToDicts"
+ wanteds = lieToList wanted_lie
+
+ -- Reduce methods and lits only; stop as soon as we get a dictionary
+ try_me inst | isDict inst = DontReduce NoSCs
+ | otherwise = ReduceMe
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
-\subsection[simple]{@Simple@ versions}
+\subsection{Filtering at a dynamic binding}
%* *
%************************************************************************
-Much simpler versions when there are no bindings to make!
+When we have
+ let ?x = R in B
-@tcSimplifyThetas@ simplifies class-type constraints formed by
-@deriving@ declarations and when specialising instances. We are
-only interested in the simplified bunch of class/type constraints.
+we must discharge all the ?x constraints from B. We also do an improvement
+step; if we have ?x::t1 and ?x::t2 we must unify t1, t2.
-\begin{code}
-tcSimplifyThetas :: (Class -> ClassInstEnv) -- How to find the ClassInstEnv
- -> [(Class, TauType)] -- Given
- -> [(Class, TauType)] -- Wanted
- -> TcM s [(Class, TauType)]
+Actually, the constraints from B might improve the types in ?x. For example
+ f :: (?x::Int) => Char -> Char
+ let ?x = 3 in f 'c'
-tcSimplifyThetas inst_mapper given wanted
- = elimTyConsSimple inst_mapper wanted `thenTc` \ wanted1 ->
- returnTc (elimSCsSimple given wanted1)
-\end{code}
-
-@tcSimplifyCheckThetas@ just checks class-type constraints, essentially;
-used with \tr{default} declarations. We are only interested in
-whether it worked or not.
+then the constraint (?x::Int) arising from the call to f will
+force the binding for ?x to be of type Int.
\begin{code}
-tcSimplifyCheckThetas :: [(Class, TauType)] -- Simplify this to nothing at all
- -> TcM s ()
+tcSimplifyIPs :: [Inst] -- The implicit parameters bound here
+ -> LIE
+ -> TcM (LIE, TcDictBinds)
+tcSimplifyIPs given_ips wanted_lie
+ = simpl_loop given_ips wanteds `thenTc` \ (frees, binds) ->
+ returnTc (mkLIE frees, binds)
+ where
+ doc = text "tcSimplifyIPs" <+> ppr given_ips
+ wanteds = lieToList wanted_lie
+ ip_set = mkNameSet (ipNamesOfInsts given_ips)
-tcSimplifyCheckThetas theta
- = elimTyConsSimple classInstEnv theta `thenTc` \ theta1 ->
- ASSERT( null theta1 )
- returnTc ()
-\end{code}
+ -- Simplify any methods that mention the implicit parameter
+ try_me inst | isFreeWrtIPs ip_set inst = Free
+ | otherwise = ReduceMe
+ simpl_loop givens wanteds
+ = mapNF_Tc zonkInst givens `thenNF_Tc` \ givens' ->
+ mapNF_Tc zonkInst wanteds `thenNF_Tc` \ wanteds' ->
-\begin{code}
-elimTyConsSimple :: (Class -> ClassInstEnv)
- -> [(Class,Type)]
- -> TcM s [(Class,Type)]
-elimTyConsSimple inst_mapper theta
- = elim theta
- where
- elim [] = returnTc []
- elim ((clas,ty):rest) = elim_one clas ty `thenTc` \ r1 ->
- elim rest `thenTc` \ r2 ->
- returnTc (r1++r2)
-
- elim_one clas ty
- = case getTyVar_maybe ty of
-
- Just tv -> returnTc [(clas,ty)]
-
- otherwise -> recoverTc (returnTc []) $
- lookupSimpleInst (inst_mapper clas) clas ty `thenTc` \ theta ->
- elim theta
-
-elimSCsSimple :: [(Class,Type)] -- Given
- -> [(Class,Type)] -- Wanted
- -> [(Class,Type)] -- Subset of wanted; no dups, no subclass relnships
-
-elimSCsSimple givens [] = []
-elimSCsSimple givens (c_t@(clas,ty) : rest)
- | any (`subsumes` c_t) givens ||
- any (`subsumes` c_t) rest -- (clas,ty) is old hat
- = elimSCsSimple givens rest
- | otherwise -- (clas,ty) is new
- = c_t : elimSCsSimple (c_t : givens) rest
- where
- rest' = elimSCsSimple rest
- (c1,t1) `subsumes` (c2,t2) = t1 `eqSimpleTy` t2 &&
- (c1 == c2 || maybeToBool (c2 `isSuperClassOf` c1))
--- We deal with duplicates here ^^^^^^^^
--- It's a simple place to do it, although it's done in elimTyCons in the
--- full-blown version of the simpifier.
+ reduceContext doc try_me givens' wanteds' `thenTc` \ (no_improvement, frees, binds, irreds) ->
+
+ if no_improvement then
+ ASSERT( null irreds )
+ returnTc (frees, binds)
+ else
+ simpl_loop givens' (irreds ++ frees) `thenTc` \ (frees1, binds1) ->
+ returnTc (frees1, binds `AndMonoBinds` binds1)
\end{code}
+
%************************************************************************
%* *
\subsection[binds-for-local-funs]{@bindInstsOfLocalFuns@}
@LIE@), as well as the @HsBinds@ generated.
\begin{code}
-bindInstsOfLocalFuns :: LIE s -> [TcIdBndr s] -> TcM s (LIE s, TcMonoBinds s)
+bindInstsOfLocalFuns :: LIE -> [TcId] -> TcM (LIE, TcMonoBinds)
bindInstsOfLocalFuns init_lie local_ids
- = foldrTc bind_inst (emptyBag, EmptyMonoBinds) (bagToList init_lie)
+ | null overloaded_ids
+ -- Common case
+ = returnTc (init_lie, EmptyMonoBinds)
+
+ | otherwise
+ = simpleReduceLoop doc try_me wanteds `thenTc` \ (frees, binds, irreds) ->
+ ASSERT( null irreds )
+ returnTc (mkLIE frees, binds)
where
- bind_inst inst@(Method uniq (TcId id) tys rho orig loc) (insts, binds)
- | id `is_elem` local_ids
- = lookupInst inst `thenTc` \ (dict_insts, (id,rhs)) ->
- returnTc (listToBag dict_insts `plusLIE` insts,
- VarMonoBind id rhs `AndMonoBinds` binds)
+ doc = text "bindInsts" <+> ppr local_ids
+ wanteds = lieToList init_lie
+ overloaded_ids = filter is_overloaded local_ids
+ is_overloaded id = isOverloadedTy (idType id)
+
+ overloaded_set = mkVarSet overloaded_ids -- There can occasionally be a lot of them
+ -- so it's worth building a set, so that
+ -- lookup (in isMethodFor) is faster
+
+ try_me inst | isMethodFor overloaded_set inst = ReduceMe
+ | otherwise = Free
+\end{code}
+
- bind_inst some_other_inst (insts, binds)
- -- Either not a method, or a method instance for an id not in local_ids
- = returnTc (some_other_inst `consBag` insts, binds)
+%************************************************************************
+%* *
+\subsection{Data types for the reduction mechanism}
+%* *
+%************************************************************************
+
+The main control over context reduction is here
+
+\begin{code}
+data WhatToDo
+ = ReduceMe -- Try to reduce this
+ -- If there's no instance, behave exactly like
+ -- DontReduce: add the inst to
+ -- the irreductible ones, but don't
+ -- produce an error message of any kind.
+ -- It might be quite legitimate such as (Eq a)!
- is_elem = isIn "bindInstsOfLocalFuns"
+ | DontReduce WantSCs -- Return as irreducible
+
+ | DontReduceUnlessConstant -- Return as irreducible unless it can
+ -- be reduced to a constant in one step
+
+ | Free -- Return as free
+
+reduceMe :: Inst -> WhatToDo
+reduceMe inst = ReduceMe
+
+data WantSCs = NoSCs | AddSCs -- Tells whether we should add the superclasses
+ -- of a predicate when adding it to the avails
+\end{code}
+
+
+
+\begin{code}
+type Avails = FiniteMap Inst Avail
+
+data Avail
+ = IsFree -- Used for free Insts
+ | Irred -- Used for irreducible dictionaries,
+ -- which are going to be lambda bound
+
+ | Given TcId -- Used for dictionaries for which we have a binding
+ -- e.g. those "given" in a signature
+ Bool -- True <=> actually consumed (splittable IPs only)
+
+ | NoRhs -- Used for Insts like (CCallable f)
+ -- where no witness is required.
+
+ | Rhs -- Used when there is a RHS
+ TcExpr -- The RHS
+ [Inst] -- Insts free in the RHS; we need these too
+
+ | Linear -- Splittable Insts only.
+ Int -- The Int is always 2 or more; indicates how
+ -- many copies are required
+ Inst -- The splitter
+ Avail -- Where the "master copy" is
+
+ | LinRhss -- Splittable Insts only; this is used only internally
+ -- by extractResults, where a Linear
+ -- is turned into an LinRhss
+ [TcExpr] -- A supply of suitable RHSs
+
+pprAvails avails = vcat [sep [ppr inst, nest 2 (equals <+> pprAvail avail)]
+ | (inst,avail) <- fmToList avails ]
+
+instance Outputable Avail where
+ ppr = pprAvail
+
+pprAvail NoRhs = text "<no rhs>"
+pprAvail IsFree = text "Free"
+pprAvail Irred = text "Irred"
+pprAvail (Given x b) = text "Given" <+> ppr x <+>
+ if b then text "(used)" else empty
+pprAvail (Rhs rhs bs) = text "Rhs" <+> ppr rhs <+> braces (ppr bs)
+pprAvail (Linear n i a) = text "Linear" <+> ppr n <+> braces (ppr i) <+> ppr a
+pprAvail (LinRhss rhss) = text "LinRhss" <+> ppr rhss
+\end{code}
+
+Extracting the bindings from a bunch of Avails.
+The bindings do *not* come back sorted in dependency order.
+We assume that they'll be wrapped in a big Rec, so that the
+dependency analyser can sort them out later
+
+The loop startes
+\begin{code}
+extractResults :: Avails
+ -> [Inst] -- Wanted
+ -> NF_TcM (TcDictBinds, -- Bindings
+ [Inst], -- Irreducible ones
+ [Inst]) -- Free ones
+
+extractResults avails wanteds
+ = go avails EmptyMonoBinds [] [] wanteds
+ where
+ go avails binds irreds frees []
+ = returnNF_Tc (binds, irreds, frees)
+
+ go avails binds irreds frees (w:ws)
+ = case lookupFM avails w of
+ Nothing -> pprTrace "Urk: extractResults" (ppr w) $
+ go avails binds irreds frees ws
+
+ Just NoRhs -> go avails binds irreds frees ws
+ Just IsFree -> go (add_free avails w) binds irreds (w:frees) ws
+ Just Irred -> go (add_given avails w) binds (w:irreds) frees ws
+
+ Just (Given id _) -> go avails new_binds irreds frees ws
+ where
+ new_binds | id == instToId w = binds
+ | otherwise = addBind binds w (HsVar id)
+ -- The sought Id can be one of the givens, via a superclass chain
+ -- and then we definitely don't want to generate an x=x binding!
+
+ Just (Rhs rhs ws') -> go (add_given avails w) new_binds irreds frees (ws' ++ ws)
+ where
+ new_binds = addBind binds w rhs
+
+ Just (LinRhss (rhs:rhss)) -- Consume one of the Rhss
+ -> go new_avails new_binds irreds frees ws
+ where
+ new_binds = addBind binds w rhs
+ new_avails = addToFM avails w (LinRhss rhss)
+
+ Just (Linear n split_inst avail)
+ -> split n (instToId split_inst) avail w `thenNF_Tc` \ (binds', (rhs:rhss), irreds') ->
+ go (addToFM avails w (LinRhss rhss))
+ (binds `AndMonoBinds` addBind binds' w rhs)
+ (irreds' ++ irreds) frees (split_inst:ws)
+
+
+ add_given avails w
+ | instBindingRequired w = addToFM avails w (Given (instToId w) True)
+ | otherwise = addToFM avails w NoRhs
+ -- NB: make sure that CCallable/CReturnable use NoRhs rather
+ -- than Given, else we end up with bogus bindings.
+
+ add_free avails w | isMethod w = avails
+ | otherwise = add_given avails w
+ -- NB: Hack alert!
+ -- Do *not* replace Free by Given if it's a method.
+ -- The following situation shows why this is bad:
+ -- truncate :: forall a. RealFrac a => forall b. Integral b => a -> b
+ -- From an application (truncate f i) we get
+ -- t1 = truncate at f
+ -- t2 = t1 at i
+ -- If we have also have a second occurrence of truncate, we get
+ -- t3 = truncate at f
+ -- t4 = t3 at i
+ -- When simplifying with i,f free, we might still notice that
+ -- t1=t3; but alas, the binding for t2 (which mentions t1)
+ -- will continue to float out!
+ -- (split n i a) returns: n rhss
+ -- auxiliary bindings
+ -- 1 or 0 insts to add to irreds
+
+
+split :: Int -> TcId -> Avail -> Inst
+ -> NF_TcM (TcDictBinds, [TcExpr], [Inst])
+-- (split n split_id avail wanted) returns
+-- * a list of 'n' expressions, all of which witness 'avail'
+-- * a bunch of auxiliary bindings to support these expressions
+-- * one or zero insts needed to witness the whole lot
+-- (maybe be zero if the initial Inst is a Given)
+split n split_id avail wanted
+ = go n
+ where
+ ty = linearInstType wanted
+ pair_ty = mkTyConApp pairTyCon [ty,ty]
+ id = instToId wanted
+ occ = getOccName id
+ loc = getSrcLoc id
+
+ go 1 = case avail of
+ Given id _ -> returnNF_Tc (EmptyMonoBinds, [HsVar id], [])
+ Irred -> cloneDict wanted `thenNF_Tc` \ w' ->
+ returnNF_Tc (EmptyMonoBinds, [HsVar (instToId w')], [w'])
+
+ go n = go ((n+1) `div` 2) `thenNF_Tc` \ (binds1, rhss, irred) ->
+ expand n rhss `thenNF_Tc` \ (binds2, rhss') ->
+ returnNF_Tc (binds1 `AndMonoBinds` binds2, rhss', irred)
+
+ -- (expand n rhss)
+ -- Given ((n+1)/2) rhss, make n rhss, using auxiliary bindings
+ -- e.g. expand 3 [rhs1, rhs2]
+ -- = ( { x = split rhs1 },
+ -- [fst x, snd x, rhs2] )
+ expand n rhss
+ | n `rem` 2 == 0 = go rhss -- n is even
+ | otherwise = go (tail rhss) `thenNF_Tc` \ (binds', rhss') ->
+ returnNF_Tc (binds', head rhss : rhss')
+ where
+ go rhss = mapAndUnzipNF_Tc do_one rhss `thenNF_Tc` \ (binds', rhss') ->
+ returnNF_Tc (andMonoBindList binds', concat rhss')
+
+ do_one rhs = tcGetUnique `thenNF_Tc` \ uniq ->
+ tcLookupGlobalId fstName `thenNF_Tc` \ fst_id ->
+ tcLookupGlobalId sndName `thenNF_Tc` \ snd_id ->
+ let
+ x = mkUserLocal occ uniq pair_ty loc
+ in
+ returnNF_Tc (VarMonoBind x (mk_app split_id rhs),
+ [mk_fs_app fst_id ty x, mk_fs_app snd_id ty x])
+
+mk_fs_app id ty var = HsVar id `TyApp` [ty,ty] `HsApp` HsVar var
+
+mk_app id rhs = HsApp (HsVar id) rhs
+
+addBind binds inst rhs = binds `AndMonoBinds` VarMonoBind (instToId inst) rhs
\end{code}
%************************************************************************
%* *
-\section[Disambig]{Disambiguation of overloading}
+\subsection[reduce]{@reduce@}
%* *
%************************************************************************
+When the "what to do" predicate doesn't depend on the quantified type variables,
+matters are easier. We don't need to do any zonking, unless the improvement step
+does something, in which case we zonk before iterating.
+
+The "given" set is always empty.
+
+\begin{code}
+simpleReduceLoop :: SDoc
+ -> (Inst -> WhatToDo) -- What to do, *not* based on the quantified type variables
+ -> [Inst] -- Wanted
+ -> TcM ([Inst], -- Free
+ TcDictBinds,
+ [Inst]) -- Irreducible
+
+simpleReduceLoop doc try_me wanteds
+ = mapNF_Tc zonkInst wanteds `thenNF_Tc` \ wanteds' ->
+ reduceContext doc try_me [] wanteds' `thenTc` \ (no_improvement, frees, binds, irreds) ->
+ if no_improvement then
+ returnTc (frees, binds, irreds)
+ else
+ simpleReduceLoop doc try_me (irreds ++ frees) `thenTc` \ (frees1, binds1, irreds1) ->
+ returnTc (frees1, binds `AndMonoBinds` binds1, irreds1)
+\end{code}
+
+
+
+\begin{code}
+reduceContext :: SDoc
+ -> (Inst -> WhatToDo)
+ -> [Inst] -- Given
+ -> [Inst] -- Wanted
+ -> NF_TcM (Bool, -- True <=> improve step did no unification
+ [Inst], -- Free
+ TcDictBinds, -- Dictionary bindings
+ [Inst]) -- Irreducible
+
+reduceContext doc try_me givens wanteds
+ =
+ traceTc (text "reduceContext" <+> (vcat [
+ text "----------------------",
+ doc,
+ text "given" <+> ppr givens,
+ text "wanted" <+> ppr wanteds,
+ text "----------------------"
+ ])) `thenNF_Tc_`
+
+ -- Build the Avail mapping from "givens"
+ foldlNF_Tc addGiven emptyFM givens `thenNF_Tc` \ init_state ->
+
+ -- Do the real work
+ reduceList (0,[]) try_me wanteds init_state `thenNF_Tc` \ avails ->
+
+ -- Do improvement, using everything in avails
+ -- In particular, avails includes all superclasses of everything
+ tcImprove avails `thenTc` \ no_improvement ->
+
+ extractResults avails wanteds `thenNF_Tc` \ (binds, irreds, frees) ->
+
+ traceTc (text "reduceContext end" <+> (vcat [
+ text "----------------------",
+ doc,
+ text "given" <+> ppr givens,
+ text "wanted" <+> ppr wanteds,
+ text "----",
+ text "avails" <+> pprAvails avails,
+ text "frees" <+> ppr frees,
+ text "no_improvement =" <+> ppr no_improvement,
+ text "----------------------"
+ ])) `thenNF_Tc_`
+
+ returnTc (no_improvement, frees, binds, irreds)
+
+tcImprove avails
+ = tcGetInstEnv `thenTc` \ inst_env ->
+ let
+ preds = [ (pred, pp_loc)
+ | inst <- keysFM avails,
+ let pp_loc = pprInstLoc (instLoc inst),
+ pred <- predsOfInst inst,
+ predHasFDs pred
+ ]
+ -- Avails has all the superclasses etc (good)
+ -- It also has all the intermediates of the deduction (good)
+ -- It does not have duplicates (good)
+ -- NB that (?x::t1) and (?x::t2) will be held separately in avails
+ -- so that improve will see them separate
+ eqns = improve (classInstEnv inst_env) preds
+ in
+ if null eqns then
+ returnTc True
+ else
+ traceTc (ptext SLIT("Improve:") <+> vcat (map pprEquationDoc eqns)) `thenNF_Tc_`
+ mapTc_ unify eqns `thenTc_`
+ returnTc False
+ where
+ unify ((qtvs, t1, t2), doc)
+ = tcAddErrCtxt doc $
+ tcInstTyVars (varSetElems qtvs) `thenNF_Tc` \ (_, _, tenv) ->
+ unifyTauTy (substTy tenv t1) (substTy tenv t2)
+\end{code}
+
+The main context-reduction function is @reduce@. Here's its game plan.
+
+\begin{code}
+reduceList :: (Int,[Inst]) -- Stack (for err msgs)
+ -- along with its depth
+ -> (Inst -> WhatToDo)
+ -> [Inst]
+ -> Avails
+ -> TcM Avails
+\end{code}
+
+@reduce@ is passed
+ try_me: given an inst, this function returns
+ Reduce reduce this
+ DontReduce return this in "irreds"
+ Free return this in "frees"
+
+ wanteds: The list of insts to reduce
+ state: An accumulating parameter of type Avails
+ that contains the state of the algorithm
+
+ It returns a Avails.
+
+The (n,stack) pair is just used for error reporting.
+n is always the depth of the stack.
+The stack is the stack of Insts being reduced: to produce X
+I had to produce Y, to produce Y I had to produce Z, and so on.
+
+\begin{code}
+reduceList (n,stack) try_me wanteds state
+ | n > opt_MaxContextReductionDepth
+ = failWithTc (reduceDepthErr n stack)
+
+ | otherwise
+ =
+#ifdef DEBUG
+ (if n > 8 then
+ pprTrace "Jeepers! ReduceContext:" (reduceDepthMsg n stack)
+ else (\x->x))
+#endif
+ go wanteds state
+ where
+ go [] state = returnTc state
+ go (w:ws) state = reduce (n+1, w:stack) try_me w state `thenTc` \ state' ->
+ go ws state'
+
+ -- Base case: we're done!
+reduce stack try_me wanted state
+ -- It's the same as an existing inst, or a superclass thereof
+ | Just avail <- isAvailable state wanted
+ = if isLinearInst wanted then
+ addLinearAvailable state avail wanted `thenNF_Tc` \ (state', wanteds') ->
+ reduceList stack try_me wanteds' state'
+ else
+ returnTc state -- No op for non-linear things
+
+ | otherwise
+ = case try_me wanted of {
+
+ DontReduce want_scs -> addIrred want_scs state wanted
+
+ ; DontReduceUnlessConstant -> -- It's irreducible (or at least should not be reduced)
+ -- First, see if the inst can be reduced to a constant in one step
+ try_simple (addIrred AddSCs) -- Assume want superclasses
+
+ ; Free -> -- It's free so just chuck it upstairs
+ -- First, see if the inst can be reduced to a constant in one step
+ try_simple addFree
+
+ ; ReduceMe -> -- It should be reduced
+ lookupInst wanted `thenNF_Tc` \ lookup_result ->
+ case lookup_result of
+ GenInst wanteds' rhs -> reduceList stack try_me wanteds' state `thenTc` \ state' ->
+ addWanted state' wanted rhs wanteds'
+ SimpleInst rhs -> addWanted state wanted rhs []
+
+ NoInstance -> -- No such instance!
+ -- Add it and its superclasses
+ addIrred AddSCs state wanted
+
+ }
+ where
+ try_simple do_this_otherwise
+ = lookupInst wanted `thenNF_Tc` \ lookup_result ->
+ case lookup_result of
+ SimpleInst rhs -> addWanted state wanted rhs []
+ other -> do_this_otherwise state wanted
+\end{code}
+
+
+\begin{code}
+-------------------------
+isAvailable :: Avails -> Inst -> Maybe Avail
+isAvailable avails wanted = lookupFM avails wanted
+ -- NB 1: the Ord instance of Inst compares by the class/type info
+ -- *not* by unique. So
+ -- d1::C Int == d2::C Int
+
+addLinearAvailable :: Avails -> Avail -> Inst -> NF_TcM (Avails, [Inst])
+addLinearAvailable avails avail wanted
+ | need_split avail
+ = tcLookupGlobalId splitName `thenNF_Tc` \ split_id ->
+ newMethodAtLoc (instLoc wanted) split_id
+ [linearInstType wanted] `thenNF_Tc` \ (split_inst,_) ->
+ returnNF_Tc (addToFM avails wanted (Linear 2 split_inst avail), [split_inst])
+
+ | otherwise
+ = returnNF_Tc (addToFM avails wanted avail', [])
+ where
+ avail' = case avail of
+ Given id _ -> Given id True
+ Linear n i a -> Linear (n+1) i a
+
+ need_split Irred = True
+ need_split (Given _ used) = used
+ need_split (Linear _ _ _) = False
+
+-------------------------
+addFree :: Avails -> Inst -> NF_TcM Avails
+ -- When an Inst is tossed upstairs as 'free' we nevertheless add it
+ -- to avails, so that any other equal Insts will be commoned up right
+ -- here rather than also being tossed upstairs. This is really just
+ -- an optimisation, and perhaps it is more trouble that it is worth,
+ -- as the following comments show!
+ --
+ -- NB1: do *not* add superclasses. If we have
+ -- df::Floating a
+ -- dn::Num a
+ -- but a is not bound here, then we *don't* want to derive
+ -- dn from df here lest we lose sharing.
+ --
+addFree avails free = returnNF_Tc (addToFM avails free IsFree)
+
+addWanted :: Avails -> Inst -> TcExpr -> [Inst] -> NF_TcM Avails
+addWanted avails wanted rhs_expr wanteds
+-- Do *not* add superclasses as well. Here's an example of why not
+-- class Eq a => Foo a b
+-- instance Eq a => Foo [a] a
+-- If we are reducing
+-- (Foo [t] t)
+-- we'll first deduce that it holds (via the instance decl). We
+-- must not then overwrite the Eq t constraint with a superclass selection!
+-- ToDo: this isn't entirely unsatisfactory, because
+-- we may also lose some entirely-legitimate sharing this way
+
+ = ASSERT( not (wanted `elemFM` avails) )
+ returnNF_Tc (addToFM avails wanted avail)
+ where
+ avail | instBindingRequired wanted = Rhs rhs_expr wanteds
+ | otherwise = ASSERT( null wanteds ) NoRhs
+
+addGiven :: Avails -> Inst -> NF_TcM Avails
+addGiven state given = addAvailAndSCs state given (Given (instToId given) False)
+
+addIrred :: WantSCs -> Avails -> Inst -> NF_TcM Avails
+addIrred NoSCs state irred = returnNF_Tc (addToFM state irred Irred)
+addIrred AddSCs state irred = addAvailAndSCs state irred Irred
+
+addAvailAndSCs :: Avails -> Inst -> Avail -> NF_TcM Avails
+addAvailAndSCs avails wanted avail
+ = add_scs (addToFM avails wanted avail) wanted
+
+add_scs :: Avails -> Inst -> NF_TcM Avails
+ -- Add all the superclasses of the Inst to Avails
+ -- Invariant: the Inst is already in Avails.
+
+add_scs avails dict
+ | not (isClassDict dict)
+ = returnNF_Tc avails
+
+ | otherwise -- It is a dictionary
+ = newDictsFromOld dict sc_theta' `thenNF_Tc` \ sc_dicts ->
+ foldlNF_Tc add_sc avails (zipEqual "add_scs" sc_dicts sc_sels)
+ where
+ (clas, tys) = getDictClassTys dict
+ (tyvars, sc_theta, sc_sels, _) = classBigSig clas
+ sc_theta' = substTheta (mkTopTyVarSubst tyvars tys) sc_theta
+
+ add_sc avails (sc_dict, sc_sel) -- Add it, and its superclasses
+ = case lookupFM avails sc_dict of
+ Just (Given _ _) -> returnNF_Tc avails -- See Note [SUPER] below
+ other -> addAvailAndSCs avails sc_dict avail
+ where
+ sc_sel_rhs = DictApp (TyApp (HsVar sc_sel) tys) [instToId dict]
+ avail = Rhs sc_sel_rhs [dict]
+\end{code}
+
+Note [SUPER]. We have to be careful here. If we are *given* d1:Ord a,
+and want to deduce (d2:C [a]) where
+
+ class Ord a => C a where
+ instance Ord a => C [a] where ...
+
+Then we'll use the instance decl to deduce C [a] and then add the
+superclasses of C [a] to avails. But we must not overwrite the binding
+for d1:Ord a (which is given) with a superclass selection or we'll just
+build a loop! Hence looking for Given. Crudely, Given is cheaper
+than a selection.
+
+
+%************************************************************************
+%* *
+\section{tcSimplifyTop: defaulting}
+%* *
+%************************************************************************
+
+
+@tcSimplifyTop@ is called once per module to simplify all the constant
+and ambiguous Insts.
+
+We need to be careful of one case. Suppose we have
+
+ instance Num a => Num (Foo a b) where ...
+
+and @tcSimplifyTop@ is given a constraint (Num (Foo x y)). Then it'll simplify
+to (Num x), and default x to Int. But what about y??
+
+It's OK: the final zonking stage should zap y to (), which is fine.
+
+
+\begin{code}
+tcSimplifyTop :: LIE -> TcM TcDictBinds
+tcSimplifyTop wanted_lie
+ = simpleReduceLoop (text "tcSimplTop") reduceMe wanteds `thenTc` \ (frees, binds, irreds) ->
+ ASSERT( null frees )
+
+ let
+ -- All the non-std ones are definite errors
+ (stds, non_stds) = partition isStdClassTyVarDict irreds
+
+ -- Group by type variable
+ std_groups = equivClasses cmp_by_tyvar stds
+
+ -- Pick the ones which its worth trying to disambiguate
+ (std_oks, std_bads) = partition worth_a_try std_groups
+
+ -- Have a try at disambiguation
+ -- if the type variable isn't bound
+ -- up with one of the non-standard classes
+ worth_a_try group@(d:_) = not (non_std_tyvars `intersectsVarSet` tyVarsOfInst d)
+ non_std_tyvars = unionVarSets (map tyVarsOfInst non_stds)
+
+ -- Collect together all the bad guys
+ bad_guys = non_stds ++ concat std_bads
+ in
+ -- Disambiguate the ones that look feasible
+ mapTc disambigGroup std_oks `thenTc` \ binds_ambig ->
+
+ -- And complain about the ones that don't
+ -- This group includes both non-existent instances
+ -- e.g. Num (IO a) and Eq (Int -> Int)
+ -- and ambiguous dictionaries
+ -- e.g. Num a
+ addTopAmbigErrs bad_guys `thenNF_Tc_`
+
+ returnTc (binds `andMonoBinds` andMonoBindList binds_ambig)
+ where
+ wanteds = lieToList wanted_lie
+
+ d1 `cmp_by_tyvar` d2 = get_tv d1 `compare` get_tv d2
+
+get_tv d = case getDictClassTys d of
+ (clas, [ty]) -> tcGetTyVar "tcSimplify" ty
+get_clas d = case getDictClassTys d of
+ (clas, [ty]) -> clas
+\end{code}
If a dictionary constrains a type variable which is
-\begin{itemize}
-\item
-not mentioned in the environment
-\item
-and not mentioned in the type of the expression
-\end{itemize}
+ * not mentioned in the environment
+ * and not mentioned in the type of the expression
then it is ambiguous. No further information will arise to instantiate
the type variable; nor will it be generalised and turned into an extra
parameter to a function.
It is an error for this to occur, except that Haskell provided for
certain rules to be applied in the special case of numeric types.
-
Specifically, if
-\begin{itemize}
-\item
-at least one of its classes is a numeric class, and
-\item
-all of its classes are numeric or standard
-\end{itemize}
+ * at least one of its classes is a numeric class, and
+ * all of its classes are numeric or standard
then the type variable can be defaulted to the first type in the
default-type list which is an instance of all the offending classes.
complains. It works by splitting the dictionary list by type
variable, and using @disambigOne@ to do the real business.
-IMPORTANT: @disambiguate@ assumes that its argument dictionaries
-constrain only a simple type variable.
-
-\begin{code}
-type SimpleDictInfo s = (Inst s, Class, TcTyVar s)
-
-disambiguateDicts :: LIE s -> TcM s ()
-
-disambiguateDicts insts
- = mapTc disambigOne inst_infos `thenTc` \ binds_lists ->
- returnTc ()
- where
- inst_infos = equivClasses cmp_tyvars (map mk_inst_info (bagToList insts))
- (_,_,tv1) `cmp_tyvars` (_,_,tv2) = tv1 `cmp` tv2
-
- mk_inst_info dict@(Dict _ clas ty _ _)
- = (dict, clas, getTyVar "disambiguateDicts" ty)
-\end{code}
-
@disambigOne@ assumes that its arguments dictionaries constrain all
the same type variable.
@void@.
\begin{code}
-disambigOne :: [SimpleDictInfo s] -> TcM s ()
-
-disambigOne dict_infos
- | not (isStandardNumericDefaultable classes)
- = failTc (ambigErr dicts) -- no default
-
- | otherwise -- isStandardNumericDefaultable dict_infos
+disambigGroup :: [Inst] -- All standard classes of form (C a)
+ -> TcM TcDictBinds
+
+disambigGroup dicts
+ | any isNumericClass classes -- Guaranteed all standard classes
+ -- see comment at the end of function for reasons as to
+ -- why the defaulting mechanism doesn't apply to groups that
+ -- include CCallable or CReturnable dicts.
+ && not (any isCcallishClass classes)
= -- THE DICTS OBEY THE DEFAULTABLE CONSTRAINT
-- SO, TRY DEFAULT TYPES IN ORDER
tcGetDefaultTys `thenNF_Tc` \ default_tys ->
let
try_default [] -- No defaults work, so fail
- = failTc (defaultErr dicts default_tys)
+ = failTc
try_default (default_ty : default_tys)
- = tryTc (try_default default_tys) $ -- If default_ty fails, we try
+ = tryTc_ (try_default default_tys) $ -- If default_ty fails, we try
-- default_tys instead
- tcSimplifyCheckThetas thetas `thenTc` \ _ ->
+ tcSimplifyDefault theta `thenTc` \ _ ->
returnTc default_ty
where
- thetas = classes `zip` repeat default_ty
+ theta = [mkClassPred clas [default_ty] | clas <- classes]
in
-- See if any default works, and if so bind the type variable to it
- try_default default_tys `thenTc` \ chosen_default_ty ->
- tcInstType [] chosen_default_ty `thenNF_Tc` \ chosen_default_tc_ty -> -- Tiresome!
- unifyTauTy (mkTyVarTy tyvar) chosen_default_tc_ty
+ -- If not, add an AmbigErr
+ recoverTc (addAmbigErrs dicts `thenNF_Tc_`
+ returnTc EmptyMonoBinds) $
+
+ try_default default_tys `thenTc` \ chosen_default_ty ->
+
+ -- Bind the type variable and reduce the context, for real this time
+ unifyTauTy chosen_default_ty (mkTyVarTy tyvar) `thenTc_`
+ simpleReduceLoop (text "disambig" <+> ppr dicts)
+ reduceMe dicts `thenTc` \ (frees, binds, ambigs) ->
+ WARN( not (null frees && null ambigs), ppr frees $$ ppr ambigs )
+ warnDefault dicts chosen_default_ty `thenTc_`
+ returnTc binds
- where
- (_,_,tyvar) = head dict_infos -- Should be non-empty
- dicts = [dict | (dict,_,_) <- dict_infos]
- classes = [clas | (_,clas,_) <- dict_infos]
+ | all isCreturnableClass classes
+ = -- Default CCall stuff to (); we don't even both to check that () is an
+ -- instance of CReturnable, because we know it is.
+ unifyTauTy (mkTyVarTy tyvar) unitTy `thenTc_`
+ returnTc EmptyMonoBinds
+
+ | otherwise -- No defaults
+ = addAmbigErrs dicts `thenNF_Tc_`
+ returnTc EmptyMonoBinds
+ where
+ tyvar = get_tv (head dicts) -- Should be non-empty
+ classes = map get_clas dicts
\end{code}
-@isStandardNumericDefaultable@ sees whether the dicts have the
-property required for defaulting; namely at least one is numeric, and
-all are standard; or all are CcallIsh.
+[Aside - why the defaulting mechanism is turned off when
+ dealing with arguments and results to ccalls.
+
+When typechecking _ccall_s, TcExpr ensures that the external
+function is only passed arguments (and in the other direction,
+results) of a restricted set of 'native' types. This is
+implemented via the help of the pseudo-type classes,
+@CReturnable@ (CR) and @CCallable@ (CC.)
+
+The interaction between the defaulting mechanism for numeric
+values and CC & CR can be a bit puzzling to the user at times.
+For example,
+
+ x <- _ccall_ f
+ if (x /= 0) then
+ _ccall_ g x
+ else
+ return ()
+
+What type has 'x' got here? That depends on the default list
+in operation, if it is equal to Haskell 98's default-default
+of (Integer, Double), 'x' has type Double, since Integer
+is not an instance of CR. If the default list is equal to
+Haskell 1.4's default-default of (Int, Double), 'x' has type
+Int.
+
+To try to minimise the potential for surprises here, the
+defaulting mechanism is turned off in the presence of
+CCallable and CReturnable.
+
+End of aside]
+
+
+%************************************************************************
+%* *
+\subsection[simple]{@Simple@ versions}
+%* *
+%************************************************************************
+
+Much simpler versions when there are no bindings to make!
+
+@tcSimplifyThetas@ simplifies class-type constraints formed by
+@deriving@ declarations and when specialising instances. We are
+only interested in the simplified bunch of class/type constraints.
+
+It simplifies to constraints of the form (C a b c) where
+a,b,c are type variables. This is required for the context of
+instance declarations.
\begin{code}
-isStandardNumericDefaultable :: [Class] -> Bool
+tcSimplifyDeriv :: [TyVar]
+ -> ThetaType -- Wanted
+ -> TcM ThetaType -- Needed
+
+tcSimplifyDeriv tyvars theta
+ = tcInstTyVars tyvars `thenNF_Tc` \ (tvs, _, tenv) ->
+ -- The main loop may do unification, and that may crash if
+ -- it doesn't see a TcTyVar, so we have to instantiate. Sigh
+ -- ToDo: what if two of them do get unified?
+ newDicts DataDeclOrigin (substTheta tenv theta) `thenNF_Tc` \ wanteds ->
+ simpleReduceLoop doc reduceMe wanteds `thenTc` \ (frees, _, irreds) ->
+ ASSERT( null frees ) -- reduceMe never returns Free
+
+ doptsTc Opt_AllowUndecidableInstances `thenNF_Tc` \ undecidable_ok ->
+ let
+ tv_set = mkVarSet tvs
+ simpl_theta = map dictPred irreds -- reduceMe squashes all non-dicts
+
+ check_pred pred
+ | isEmptyVarSet pred_tyvars -- Things like (Eq T) should be rejected
+ = addErrTc (noInstErr pred)
+
+ | not undecidable_ok && not (isTyVarClassPred pred)
+ -- Check that the returned dictionaries are all of form (C a b)
+ -- (where a, b are type variables).
+ -- We allow this if we had -fallow-undecidable-instances,
+ -- but note that risks non-termination in the 'deriving' context-inference
+ -- fixpoint loop. It is useful for situations like
+ -- data Min h a = E | M a (h a)
+ -- which gives the instance decl
+ -- instance (Eq a, Eq (h a)) => Eq (Min h a)
+ = addErrTc (noInstErr pred)
+
+ | not (pred_tyvars `subVarSet` tv_set)
+ -- Check for a bizarre corner case, when the derived instance decl should
+ -- have form instance C a b => D (T a) where ...
+ -- Note that 'b' isn't a parameter of T. This gives rise to all sorts
+ -- of problems; in particular, it's hard to compare solutions for
+ -- equality when finding the fixpoint. So I just rule it out for now.
+ = addErrTc (badDerivedPred pred)
+
+ | otherwise
+ = returnNF_Tc ()
+ where
+ pred_tyvars = tyVarsOfPred pred
+
+ rev_env = mkTopTyVarSubst tvs (mkTyVarTys tyvars)
+ -- This reverse-mapping is a Royal Pain,
+ -- but the result should mention TyVars not TcTyVars
+ in
+
+ mapNF_Tc check_pred simpl_theta `thenNF_Tc_`
+ checkAmbiguity tvs simpl_theta tv_set `thenTc_`
+ returnTc (substTheta rev_env simpl_theta)
+ where
+ doc = ptext SLIT("deriving classes for a data type")
+\end{code}
+
+@tcSimplifyDefault@ just checks class-type constraints, essentially;
+used with \tr{default} declarations. We are only interested in
+whether it worked or not.
-isStandardNumericDefaultable classes
- = --pprTrace "isStdNumeric:\n" (ppAboves [ppCat (map (ppr PprDebug) classes), ppCat (map (ppr PprDebug . isNumericClass) classes), ppCat (map (ppr PprDebug . isStandardClass) classes), ppCat (map (ppr PprDebug . isCcallishClass) classes)]) $
- (any isNumericClass classes && all isStandardClass classes)
- || (all isCcallishClass classes)
+\begin{code}
+tcSimplifyDefault :: ThetaType -- Wanted; has no type variables in it
+ -> TcM ()
+
+tcSimplifyDefault theta
+ = newDicts DataDeclOrigin theta `thenNF_Tc` \ wanteds ->
+ simpleReduceLoop doc reduceMe wanteds `thenTc` \ (frees, _, irreds) ->
+ ASSERT( null frees ) -- try_me never returns Free
+ mapNF_Tc (addErrTc . noInstErr) irreds `thenNF_Tc_`
+ if null irreds then
+ returnTc ()
+ else
+ failTc
+ where
+ doc = ptext SLIT("default declaration")
\end{code}
+%************************************************************************
+%* *
+\section{Errors and contexts}
+%* *
+%************************************************************************
-Errors and contexts
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ToDo: for these error messages, should we note the location as coming
from the insts, or just whatever seems to be around in the monad just
now?
\begin{code}
-genCantGenErr insts sty -- Can't generalise these Insts
- = ppHang (ppStr "Cannot generalise these overloadings (in a _ccall_):")
- 4 (ppAboves (map (ppr sty) (bagToList insts)))
-\end{code}
+groupInsts :: [Inst] -> [[Inst]]
+-- Group together insts with the same origin
+-- We want to report them together in error messages
+groupInsts [] = []
+groupInsts (inst:insts) = (inst:friends) : groupInsts others
+ where
+ -- (It may seem a bit crude to compare the error messages,
+ -- but it makes sure that we combine just what the user sees,
+ -- and it avoids need equality on InstLocs.)
+ (friends, others) = partition is_friend insts
+ loc_msg = showSDoc (pprInstLoc (instLoc inst))
+ is_friend friend = showSDoc (pprInstLoc (instLoc friend)) == loc_msg
+
+
+addTopAmbigErrs dicts
+ = mapNF_Tc (addTopInstanceErrs tidy_env) (groupInsts no_insts) `thenNF_Tc_`
+ mapNF_Tc (addTopIPErrs tidy_env) (groupInsts bad_ips) `thenNF_Tc_`
+ mapNF_Tc (addAmbigErr tidy_env) ambigs `thenNF_Tc_`
+ returnNF_Tc ()
+ where
+ fixed_tvs = oclose (predsOfInsts tidy_dicts) emptyVarSet
+ (tidy_env, tidy_dicts) = tidyInsts dicts
+ (bad_ips, non_ips) = partition is_ip tidy_dicts
+ (no_insts, ambigs) = partition no_inst non_ips
+ is_ip d = any isIPPred (predsOfInst d)
+ no_inst d = not (isTyVarDict d) || tyVarsOfInst d `subVarSet` fixed_tvs
+
+plural [x] = empty
+plural xs = char 's'
+
+addTopIPErrs tidy_env tidy_dicts
+ = addInstErrTcM (instLoc (head tidy_dicts))
+ (tidy_env,
+ ptext SLIT("Unbound implicit parameter") <> plural tidy_dicts <+> pprInsts tidy_dicts)
+
+-- Used for top-level irreducibles
+addTopInstanceErrs tidy_env tidy_dicts
+ = addInstErrTcM (instLoc (head tidy_dicts))
+ (tidy_env,
+ ptext SLIT("No instance") <> plural tidy_dicts <+>
+ ptext SLIT("for") <+> pprInsts tidy_dicts)
+
+addAmbigErrs dicts
+ = mapNF_Tc (addAmbigErr tidy_env) tidy_dicts
+ where
+ (tidy_env, tidy_dicts) = tidyInsts dicts
-\begin{code}
-ambigErr insts sty
- = ppAboves (map (pprInst sty "Ambiguous overloading") insts)
-\end{code}
+addAmbigErr tidy_env tidy_dict
+ = addInstErrTcM (instLoc tidy_dict)
+ (tidy_env,
+ sep [text "Ambiguous type variable(s)" <+> pprQuotedList ambig_tvs,
+ nest 4 (text "in the constraint" <+> quotes (pprInst tidy_dict))])
+ where
+ ambig_tvs = varSetElems (tyVarsOfInst tidy_dict)
-@reduceErr@ complains if we can't express required dictionaries in
-terms of the signature.
+warnDefault dicts default_ty
+ = doptsTc Opt_WarnTypeDefaults `thenTc` \ warn_flag ->
+ tcAddSrcLoc (get_loc (head dicts)) (warnTc warn_flag warn_msg)
+ where
+ -- Tidy them first
+ (_, tidy_dicts) = tidyInsts dicts
+ get_loc i = case instLoc i of { (_,loc,_) -> loc }
+ warn_msg = vcat [ptext SLIT("Defaulting the following constraint(s) to type") <+>
+ quotes (ppr default_ty),
+ pprInstsInFull tidy_dicts]
+
+complainCheck doc givens irreds
+ = mapNF_Tc zonkInst given_dicts_and_ips `thenNF_Tc` \ givens' ->
+ mapNF_Tc (addNoInstanceErrs doc givens') (groupInsts irreds) `thenNF_Tc_`
+ returnNF_Tc ()
+ where
+ given_dicts_and_ips = filter (not . isMethod) givens
+ -- Filter out methods, which are only added to
+ -- the given set as an optimisation
-\begin{code}
-reduceErr insts sty
- = ppAboves (map (pprInst sty "Context required by inferred type, but missing on a type signature")
- (bagToList insts))
-\end{code}
+addNoInstanceErrs what_doc givens dicts
+ = getDOptsTc `thenNF_Tc` \ dflags ->
+ tcGetInstEnv `thenNF_Tc` \ inst_env ->
+ let
+ (tidy_env1, tidy_givens) = tidyInsts givens
+ (tidy_env2, tidy_dicts) = tidyMoreInsts tidy_env1 dicts
+
+ doc = vcat [sep [herald <+> pprInsts tidy_dicts,
+ nest 4 $ ptext SLIT("from the context") <+> pprInsts tidy_givens],
+ ambig_doc,
+ ptext SLIT("Probable fix:"),
+ nest 4 fix1,
+ nest 4 fix2]
+
+ herald = ptext SLIT("Could not") <+> unambig_doc <+> ptext SLIT("deduce")
+ unambig_doc | ambig_overlap = ptext SLIT("unambiguously")
+ | otherwise = empty
+
+ -- The error message when we don't find a suitable instance
+ -- is complicated by the fact that sometimes this is because
+ -- there is no instance, and sometimes it's because there are
+ -- too many instances (overlap). See the comments in TcEnv.lhs
+ -- with the InstEnv stuff.
+
+ ambig_doc
+ | not ambig_overlap = empty
+ | otherwise
+ = vcat [ptext SLIT("The choice of (overlapping) instance declaration"),
+ nest 4 (ptext SLIT("depends on the instantiation of") <+>
+ quotes (pprWithCommas ppr (varSetElems (tyVarsOfInsts tidy_dicts))))]
+
+ fix1 = sep [ptext SLIT("Add") <+> pprInsts tidy_dicts,
+ ptext SLIT("to the") <+> what_doc]
+
+ fix2 | null instance_dicts
+ = empty
+ | otherwise
+ = ptext SLIT("Or add an instance declaration for") <+> pprInsts instance_dicts
+
+ instance_dicts = [d | d <- tidy_dicts, isClassDict d, not (isTyVarDict d)]
+ -- Insts for which it is worth suggesting an adding an instance declaration
+ -- Exclude implicit parameters, and tyvar dicts
+
+ -- Checks for the ambiguous case when we have overlapping instances
+ ambig_overlap = any ambig_overlap1 dicts
+ ambig_overlap1 dict
+ | isClassDict dict
+ = case lookupInstEnv dflags inst_env clas tys of
+ NoMatch ambig -> ambig
+ other -> False
+ | otherwise = False
+ where
+ (clas,tys) = getDictClassTys dict
+ in
+ addInstErrTcM (instLoc (head dicts)) (tidy_env2, doc)
-\begin{code}
-defaultErr dicts defaulting_tys sty
- = ppHang (ppStr "Ambiguously-overloaded types could not be resolved:")
- 4 (ppAboves [
- ppHang (ppStr "Conflicting:")
- 4 (ppInterleave ppSemi (map (pprInst sty ""{-???-}) dicts)),
- ppHang (ppStr "Defaulting types :")
- 4 (ppr sty defaulting_tys),
- ppStr "([Int, Double] is the default list of defaulting types.)" ])
-\end{code}
+-- Used for the ...Thetas variants; all top level
+noInstErr pred = ptext SLIT("No instance for") <+> quotes (ppr pred)
+
+badDerivedPred pred
+ = vcat [ptext SLIT("Can't derive instances where the instance context mentions"),
+ ptext SLIT("type variables that are not data type parameters"),
+ nest 2 (ptext SLIT("Offending constraint:") <+> ppr pred)]
+reduceDepthErr n stack
+ = vcat [ptext SLIT("Context reduction stack overflow; size =") <+> int n,
+ ptext SLIT("Use -fcontext-stack20 to increase stack size to (e.g.) 20"),
+ nest 4 (pprInstsInFull stack)]
+
+reduceDepthMsg n stack = nest 4 (pprInstsInFull stack)
+
+-----------------------------------------------
+addCantGenErr inst
+ = addErrTc (sep [ptext SLIT("Cannot generalise these overloadings (in a _ccall_):"),
+ nest 4 (ppr inst <+> pprInstLoc (instLoc inst))])
+\end{code}
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