X-Git-Url: http://git.megacz.com/?p=ghc-hetmet.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=compiler%2Ftypes%2FType.lhs;h=d80bd52c0ee6cb948ca508af51a93bb04aceebe4;hp=cd484f4f46ae5b6031f9ed63a470de5bceaa5f98;hb=c4ec8f2a77894af1c6160c4e8ad5625ab62f0bea;hpb=6d2b0ae3ae3296cb6cdd496cbf85b897c7ce150b diff --git a/compiler/types/Type.lhs b/compiler/types/Type.lhs index cd484f4..d80bd52 100644 --- a/compiler/types/Type.lhs +++ b/compiler/types/Type.lhs @@ -6,78 +6,91 @@ Type - public interface \begin{code} -{-# OPTIONS -w #-} +{-# OPTIONS -fno-warn-incomplete-patterns #-} -- The above warning supression flag is a temporary kludge. -- While working on this module you are encouraged to remove it and fix -- any warnings in the module. See -- http://hackage.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/Commentary/CodingStyle#Warnings -- for details +-- | Main functions for manipulating types and type-related things module Type ( - -- re-exports from TypeRep - TyThing(..), Type, PredType(..), ThetaType, - funTyCon, + -- Note some of this is just re-exports from TyCon.. - -- Kinds - Kind, SimpleKind, KindVar, - kindFunResult, splitKindFunTys, splitKindFunTysN, - - liftedTypeKindTyCon, openTypeKindTyCon, unliftedTypeKindTyCon, - argTypeKindTyCon, ubxTupleKindTyCon, - - liftedTypeKind, unliftedTypeKind, openTypeKind, - argTypeKind, ubxTupleKind, - - tySuperKind, coSuperKind, - - isLiftedTypeKind, isUnliftedTypeKind, isOpenTypeKind, - isUbxTupleKind, isArgTypeKind, isKind, isTySuperKind, - isCoSuperKind, isSuperKind, isCoercionKind, isEqPred, - mkArrowKind, mkArrowKinds, - - isSubArgTypeKind, isSubOpenTypeKind, isSubKind, defaultKind, eqKind, - isSubKindCon, + -- * Main data types representing Types + -- $type_classification + + -- $representation_types + TyThing(..), Type, PredType(..), ThetaType, - -- Re-exports from TyCon - PrimRep(..), - - mkTyVarTy, mkTyVarTys, getTyVar, getTyVar_maybe, isTyVarTy, + -- ** Constructing and deconstructing types + mkTyVarTy, mkTyVarTys, getTyVar, getTyVar_maybe, mkAppTy, mkAppTys, splitAppTy, splitAppTys, splitAppTy_maybe, repSplitAppTy_maybe, mkFunTy, mkFunTys, splitFunTy, splitFunTy_maybe, splitFunTys, splitFunTysN, - funResultTy, funArgTy, zipFunTys, isFunTy, + funResultTy, funArgTy, zipFunTys, mkTyConApp, mkTyConTy, tyConAppTyCon, tyConAppArgs, splitTyConApp_maybe, splitTyConApp, splitNewTyConApp_maybe, splitNewTyConApp, - repType, repType', typePrimRep, coreView, tcView, kindView, + mkForAllTy, mkForAllTys, splitForAllTy_maybe, splitForAllTys, + applyTy, applyTys, applyTysD, isForAllTy, dropForAlls, + + -- (Newtypes) + newTyConInstRhs, + + -- (Type families) + tyFamInsts, - mkForAllTy, mkForAllTys, splitForAllTy_maybe, splitForAllTys, - applyTy, applyTys, isForAllTy, dropForAlls, + -- (Source types) + mkPredTy, mkPredTys, mkFamilyTyConApp, - -- Source types - predTypeRep, mkPredTy, mkPredTys, pprSourceTyCon, mkFamilyTyConApp, + -- ** Common type constructors + funTyCon, - -- Newtypes - newTyConInstRhs, + -- ** Predicates on types + isTyVarTy, isFunTy, - -- Lifting and boxity - isUnLiftedType, isUnboxedTupleType, isAlgType, isPrimitiveType, - isStrictType, isStrictPred, + -- (Lifting and boxity) + isUnLiftedType, isUnboxedTupleType, isAlgType, isClosedAlgType, + isPrimitiveType, isStrictType, isStrictPred, - -- Free variables - tyVarsOfType, tyVarsOfTypes, tyVarsOfPred, tyVarsOfTheta, - typeKind, addFreeTyVars, + -- * Main data types representing Kinds + -- $kind_subtyping + Kind, SimpleKind, KindVar, + + -- ** Deconstructing Kinds + kindFunResult, splitKindFunTys, splitKindFunTysN, - -- Type families - tyFamInsts, + -- ** Common Kinds and SuperKinds + liftedTypeKind, unliftedTypeKind, openTypeKind, + argTypeKind, ubxTupleKind, + + tySuperKind, coSuperKind, + + -- ** Common Kind type constructors + liftedTypeKindTyCon, openTypeKindTyCon, unliftedTypeKindTyCon, + argTypeKindTyCon, ubxTupleKindTyCon, + + -- ** Predicates on Kinds + isLiftedTypeKind, isUnliftedTypeKind, isOpenTypeKind, + isUbxTupleKind, isArgTypeKind, isKind, isTySuperKind, + isCoSuperKind, isSuperKind, isCoercionKind, isEqPred, + mkArrowKind, mkArrowKinds, - -- Tidying up for printing + isSubArgTypeKind, isSubOpenTypeKind, isSubKind, defaultKind, eqKind, + isSubKindCon, + + -- * Type free variables + tyVarsOfType, tyVarsOfTypes, tyVarsOfPred, tyVarsOfTheta, + typeKind, + + -- * Tidying type related things up for printing tidyType, tidyTypes, tidyOpenType, tidyOpenTypes, tidyTyVarBndr, tidyFreeTyVars, @@ -85,28 +98,44 @@ module Type ( tidyTopType, tidyPred, tidyKind, - -- Comparison + -- * Type comparison coreEqType, tcEqType, tcEqTypes, tcCmpType, tcCmpTypes, - tcEqPred, tcCmpPred, tcEqTypeX, tcPartOfType, tcPartOfPred, + tcEqPred, tcEqPredX, tcCmpPred, tcEqTypeX, tcPartOfType, tcPartOfPred, - -- Seq + -- * Forcing evaluation of types seqType, seqTypes, - -- Type substitutions - TvSubstEnv, emptyTvSubstEnv, -- Representation widely visible - TvSubst(..), emptyTvSubst, -- Representation visible to a few friends + -- * Other views onto Types + coreView, tcView, kindView, + + repType, + + -- * Type representation for the code generator + PrimRep(..), + + typePrimRep, predTypeRep, + + -- * Main type substitution data types + TvSubstEnv, -- Representation widely visible + TvSubst(..), -- Representation visible to a few friends + + -- ** Manipulating type substitutions + emptyTvSubstEnv, emptyTvSubst, + mkTvSubst, mkOpenTvSubst, zipOpenTvSubst, zipTopTvSubst, mkTopTvSubst, notElemTvSubst, getTvSubstEnv, setTvSubstEnv, getTvInScope, extendTvInScope, extendTvSubst, extendTvSubstList, isInScope, composeTvSubst, zipTyEnv, isEmptyTvSubst, - -- Performing substitution on types - substTy, substTys, substTyWith, substTheta, + -- ** Performing substitution on types + substTy, substTys, substTyWith, substTysWith, substTheta, substPred, substTyVar, substTyVars, substTyVarBndr, deShadowTy, lookupTyVar, - -- Pretty-printing + -- * Pretty-printing pprType, pprParendType, pprTypeApp, pprTyThingCategory, pprTyThing, pprForAll, - pprPred, pprTheta, pprThetaArrow, pprClassPred, pprKind, pprParendKind + pprPred, pprTheta, pprThetaArrow, pprClassPred, pprKind, pprParendKind, + + pprSourceTyCon ) where #include "HsVersions.h" @@ -130,12 +159,69 @@ import TyCon import StaticFlags import Util import Outputable -import UniqSet +import FastString import Data.List import Data.Maybe ( isJust ) \end{code} +\begin{code} +-- $type_classification +-- #type_classification# +-- +-- Types are one of: +-- +-- [Unboxed] Iff its representation is other than a pointer +-- Unboxed types are also unlifted. +-- +-- [Lifted] Iff it has bottom as an element. +-- Closures always have lifted types: i.e. any +-- let-bound identifier in Core must have a lifted +-- type. Operationally, a lifted object is one that +-- can be entered. +-- Only lifted types may be unified with a type variable. +-- +-- [Algebraic] Iff it is a type with one or more constructors, whether +-- declared with @data@ or @newtype@. +-- An algebraic type is one that can be deconstructed +-- with a case expression. This is /not/ the same as +-- lifted types, because we also include unboxed +-- tuples in this classification. +-- +-- [Data] Iff it is a type declared with @data@, or a boxed tuple. +-- +-- [Primitive] Iff it is a built-in type that can't be expressed in Haskell. +-- +-- Currently, all primitive types are unlifted, but that's not necessarily +-- the case: for example, @Int@ could be primitive. +-- +-- Some primitive types are unboxed, such as @Int#@, whereas some are boxed +-- but unlifted (such as @ByteArray#@). The only primitive types that we +-- classify as algebraic are the unboxed tuples. +-- +-- Some examples of type classifications that may make this a bit clearer are: +-- +-- @ +-- Type primitive boxed lifted algebraic +-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +-- Int# Yes No No No +-- ByteArray# Yes Yes No No +-- (\# a, b \#) Yes No No Yes +-- ( a, b ) No Yes Yes Yes +-- [a] No Yes Yes Yes +-- @ + +-- $representation_types +-- A /source type/ is a type that is a separate type as far as the type checker is +-- concerned, but which has a more low-level representation as far as Core-to-Core +-- passes and the rest of the back end is concerned. Notably, 'PredTy's are removed +-- from the representation type while they do exist in the source types. +-- +-- You don't normally have to worry about this, as the utility functions in +-- this module will automatically convert a source into a representation type +-- if they are spotted, to the best of it's abilities. If you don't want this +-- to happen, use the equivalent functions from the "TcType" module. +\end{code} %************************************************************************ %* * @@ -143,31 +229,38 @@ import Data.Maybe ( isJust ) %* * %************************************************************************ -In Core, we "look through" non-recursive newtypes and PredTypes. - \begin{code} {-# INLINE coreView #-} coreView :: Type -> Maybe Type --- Strips off the *top layer only* of a type to give +-- ^ In Core, we \"look through\" non-recursive newtypes and 'PredTypes': this +-- function tries to obtain a different view of the supplied type given this +-- +-- Strips off the /top layer only/ of a type to give -- its underlying representation type. -- Returns Nothing if there is nothing to look through. -- --- In the case of newtypes, it returns --- *either* a vanilla TyConApp (recursive newtype, or non-saturated) --- *or* the newtype representation (otherwise), meaning the --- type written in the RHS of the newtype decl, --- which may itself be a newtype +-- In the case of @newtype@s, it returns one of: +-- +-- 1) A vanilla 'TyConApp' (recursive newtype, or non-saturated) +-- +-- 2) The newtype representation (otherwise), meaning the +-- type written in the RHS of the newtype declaration, +-- which may itself be a newtype +-- +-- For example, with: +-- +-- > newtype R = MkR S +-- > newtype S = MkS T +-- > newtype T = MkT (T -> T) -- --- Example: newtype R = MkR S --- newtype S = MkS T --- newtype T = MkT (T -> T) --- expandNewTcApp on R gives Just S --- on S gives Just T --- on T gives Nothing (no expansion) +-- 'expandNewTcApp' on: +-- +-- * @R@ gives @Just S@ +-- * @S@ gives @Just T@ +-- * @T@ gives @Nothing@ (no expansion) -- By being non-recursive and inlined, this case analysis gets efficiently -- joined onto the case analysis that the caller is already doing -coreView (NoteTy _ ty) = Just ty coreView (PredTy p) | isEqPred p = Nothing | otherwise = Just (predTypeRep p) @@ -176,26 +269,25 @@ coreView (TyConApp tc tys) | Just (tenv, rhs, tys') <- coreExpandTyCon_maybe tc -- Its important to use mkAppTys, rather than (foldl AppTy), -- because the function part might well return a -- partially-applied type constructor; indeed, usually will! -coreView ty = Nothing +coreView _ = Nothing ----------------------------------------------- {-# INLINE tcView #-} tcView :: Type -> Maybe Type --- Same, but for the type checker, which just looks through synonyms -tcView (NoteTy _ ty) = Just ty +-- ^ Similar to 'coreView', but for the type checker, which just looks through synonyms tcView (TyConApp tc tys) | Just (tenv, rhs, tys') <- tcExpandTyCon_maybe tc tys = Just (mkAppTys (substTy (mkTopTvSubst tenv) rhs) tys') -tcView ty = Nothing +tcView _ = Nothing ----------------------------------------------- {-# INLINE kindView #-} kindView :: Kind -> Maybe Kind --- C.f. coreView, tcView +-- ^ Similar to 'coreView' or 'tcView', but works on 'Kind's + -- For the moment, we don't even handle synonyms in kinds -kindView (NoteTy _ k) = Just k -kindView other = Nothing +kindView _ = Nothing \end{code} @@ -216,6 +308,8 @@ mkTyVarTy = TyVarTy mkTyVarTys :: [TyVar] -> [Type] mkTyVarTys = map mkTyVarTy -- a common use of mkTyVarTy +-- | Attempts to obtain the type variable underlying a 'Type', and panics with the +-- given message if this is not a type variable type. See also 'getTyVar_maybe' getTyVar :: String -> Type -> TyVar getTyVar msg ty = case getTyVar_maybe ty of Just tv -> tv @@ -224,10 +318,11 @@ getTyVar msg ty = case getTyVar_maybe ty of isTyVarTy :: Type -> Bool isTyVarTy ty = isJust (getTyVar_maybe ty) +-- | Attempts to obtain the type variable underlying a 'Type' getTyVar_maybe :: Type -> Maybe TyVar getTyVar_maybe ty | Just ty' <- coreView ty = getTyVar_maybe ty' getTyVar_maybe (TyVarTy tv) = Just tv -getTyVar_maybe other = Nothing +getTyVar_maybe _ = Nothing \end{code} @@ -240,12 +335,13 @@ invariant that a TyConApp is always visibly so. mkAppTy maintains the invariant: use it. \begin{code} +-- | Applies a type to another, as in e.g. @k a@ +mkAppTy :: Type -> Type -> Type mkAppTy orig_ty1 orig_ty2 = mk_app orig_ty1 where - mk_app (NoteTy _ ty1) = mk_app ty1 mk_app (TyConApp tc tys) = mkTyConApp tc (tys ++ [orig_ty2]) - mk_app ty1 = AppTy orig_ty1 orig_ty2 + mk_app _ = AppTy orig_ty1 orig_ty2 -- Note that the TyConApp could be an -- under-saturated type synonym. GHC allows that; e.g. -- type Foo k = k a -> k a @@ -265,42 +361,58 @@ mkAppTys orig_ty1 [] = orig_ty1 mkAppTys orig_ty1 orig_tys2 = mk_app orig_ty1 where - mk_app (NoteTy _ ty1) = mk_app ty1 mk_app (TyConApp tc tys) = mkTyConApp tc (tys ++ orig_tys2) -- mkTyConApp: see notes with mkAppTy - mk_app ty1 = foldl AppTy orig_ty1 orig_tys2 + mk_app _ = foldl AppTy orig_ty1 orig_tys2 ------------- splitAppTy_maybe :: Type -> Maybe (Type, Type) +-- ^ Attempt to take a type application apart, whether it is a +-- function, type constructor, or plain type application. Note +-- that type family applications are NEVER unsaturated by this! splitAppTy_maybe ty | Just ty' <- coreView ty = splitAppTy_maybe ty' splitAppTy_maybe ty = repSplitAppTy_maybe ty ------------- repSplitAppTy_maybe :: Type -> Maybe (Type,Type) --- Does the AppTy split, but assumes that any view stuff is already done +-- ^ Does the AppTy split as in 'splitAppTy_maybe', but assumes that +-- any Core view stuff is already done repSplitAppTy_maybe (FunTy ty1 ty2) = Just (TyConApp funTyCon [ty1], ty2) repSplitAppTy_maybe (AppTy ty1 ty2) = Just (ty1, ty2) -repSplitAppTy_maybe (TyConApp tc tys) = case snocView tys of - Just (tys', ty') -> Just (TyConApp tc tys', ty') - Nothing -> Nothing -repSplitAppTy_maybe other = Nothing +repSplitAppTy_maybe (TyConApp tc tys) + | not (isOpenSynTyCon tc) || length tys > tyConArity tc + = case snocView tys of -- never create unsaturated type family apps + Just (tys', ty') -> Just (TyConApp tc tys', ty') + Nothing -> Nothing +repSplitAppTy_maybe _other = Nothing ------------- splitAppTy :: Type -> (Type, Type) +-- ^ Attempts to take a type application apart, as in 'splitAppTy_maybe', +-- and panics if this is not possible splitAppTy ty = case splitAppTy_maybe ty of Just pr -> pr Nothing -> panic "splitAppTy" ------------- splitAppTys :: Type -> (Type, [Type]) +-- ^ Recursively splits a type as far as is possible, leaving a residual +-- type being applied to and the type arguments applied to it. Never fails, +-- even if that means returning an empty list of type applications. splitAppTys ty = split ty ty [] where split orig_ty ty args | Just ty' <- coreView ty = split orig_ty ty' args - split orig_ty (AppTy ty arg) args = split ty ty (arg:args) - split orig_ty (TyConApp tc tc_args) args = (TyConApp tc [], tc_args ++ args) - split orig_ty (FunTy ty1 ty2) args = ASSERT( null args ) + split _ (AppTy ty arg) args = split ty ty (arg:args) + split _ (TyConApp tc tc_args) args + = let -- keep type families saturated + n | isOpenSynTyCon tc = tyConArity tc + | otherwise = 0 + (tc_args1, tc_args2) = splitAt n tc_args + in + (TyConApp tc tc_args1, tc_args2 ++ args) + split _ (FunTy ty1 ty2) args = ASSERT( null args ) (TyConApp funTyCon [], [ty1,ty2]) - split orig_ty ty args = (orig_ty, args) + split orig_ty _ args = (orig_ty, args) \end{code} @@ -311,6 +423,7 @@ splitAppTys ty = split ty ty [] \begin{code} mkFunTy :: Type -> Type -> Type +-- ^ Creates a function type from the given argument and result type mkFunTy (PredTy (EqPred ty1 ty2)) res = mkForAllTy (mkWildCoVar (PredTy (EqPred ty1 ty2))) res mkFunTy arg res = FunTy arg res @@ -321,57 +434,66 @@ isFunTy :: Type -> Bool isFunTy ty = isJust (splitFunTy_maybe ty) splitFunTy :: Type -> (Type, Type) +-- ^ Attempts to extract the argument and result types from a type, and +-- panics if that is not possible. See also 'splitFunTy_maybe' splitFunTy ty | Just ty' <- coreView ty = splitFunTy ty' splitFunTy (FunTy arg res) = (arg, res) splitFunTy other = pprPanic "splitFunTy" (ppr other) splitFunTy_maybe :: Type -> Maybe (Type, Type) +-- ^ Attempts to extract the argument and result types from a type splitFunTy_maybe ty | Just ty' <- coreView ty = splitFunTy_maybe ty' splitFunTy_maybe (FunTy arg res) = Just (arg, res) -splitFunTy_maybe other = Nothing +splitFunTy_maybe _ = Nothing splitFunTys :: Type -> ([Type], Type) splitFunTys ty = split [] ty ty where split args orig_ty ty | Just ty' <- coreView ty = split args orig_ty ty' - split args orig_ty (FunTy arg res) = split (arg:args) res res - split args orig_ty ty = (reverse args, orig_ty) + split args _ (FunTy arg res) = split (arg:args) res res + split args orig_ty _ = (reverse args, orig_ty) splitFunTysN :: Int -> Type -> ([Type], Type) --- Split off exactly n arg tys +-- ^ Split off exactly the given number argument types, and panics if that is not possible splitFunTysN 0 ty = ([], ty) splitFunTysN n ty = case splitFunTy ty of { (arg, res) -> case splitFunTysN (n-1) res of { (args, res) -> (arg:args, res) }} -zipFunTys :: Outputable a => [a] -> Type -> ([(a,Type)], Type) +-- | Splits off argument types from the given type and associating +-- them with the things in the input list from left to right. The +-- final result type is returned, along with the resulting pairs of +-- objects and types, albeit with the list of pairs in reverse order. +-- Panics if there are not enough argument types for the input list. +zipFunTys :: Outputable a => [a] -> Type -> ([(a, Type)], Type) zipFunTys orig_xs orig_ty = split [] orig_xs orig_ty orig_ty where - split acc [] nty ty = (reverse acc, nty) + split acc [] nty _ = (reverse acc, nty) split acc xs nty ty | Just ty' <- coreView ty = split acc xs nty ty' - split acc (x:xs) nty (FunTy arg res) = split ((x,arg):acc) xs res res - split acc (x:xs) nty ty = pprPanic "zipFunTys" (ppr orig_xs <+> ppr orig_ty) + split acc (x:xs) _ (FunTy arg res) = split ((x,arg):acc) xs res res + split _ _ _ _ = pprPanic "zipFunTys" (ppr orig_xs <+> ppr orig_ty) funResultTy :: Type -> Type +-- ^ Extract the function result type and panic if that is not possible funResultTy ty | Just ty' <- coreView ty = funResultTy ty' -funResultTy (FunTy arg res) = res -funResultTy ty = pprPanic "funResultTy" (ppr ty) +funResultTy (FunTy _arg res) = res +funResultTy ty = pprPanic "funResultTy" (ppr ty) funArgTy :: Type -> Type +-- ^ Extract the function argument type and panic if that is not possible funArgTy ty | Just ty' <- coreView ty = funArgTy ty' -funArgTy (FunTy arg res) = arg -funArgTy ty = pprPanic "funArgTy" (ppr ty) +funArgTy (FunTy arg _res) = arg +funArgTy ty = pprPanic "funArgTy" (ppr ty) \end{code} - --------------------------------------------------------------------- TyConApp ~~~~~~~~ -@mkTyConApp@ is a key function, because it builds a TyConApp, FunTy or PredTy, -as apppropriate. \begin{code} +-- | A key function: builds a 'TyConApp' or 'FunTy' as apppropriate to its arguments. +-- Applies its arguments to the constructor from left to right mkTyConApp :: TyCon -> [Type] -> Type mkTyConApp tycon tys | isFunTyCon tycon, [ty1,ty2] <- tys @@ -380,6 +502,7 @@ mkTyConApp tycon tys | otherwise = TyConApp tycon tys +-- | Create the plain type constructor type which has been applied to no type arguments at all. mkTyConTy :: TyCon -> Type mkTyConTy tycon = mkTyConApp tycon [] @@ -387,26 +510,34 @@ mkTyConTy tycon = mkTyConApp tycon [] -- mean a distinct type, but all other type-constructor applications -- including functions are returned as Just .. +-- | The same as @fst . splitTyConApp@ tyConAppTyCon :: Type -> TyCon tyConAppTyCon ty = fst (splitTyConApp ty) +-- | The same as @snd . splitTyConApp@ tyConAppArgs :: Type -> [Type] tyConAppArgs ty = snd (splitTyConApp ty) +-- | Attempts to tease a type apart into a type constructor and the application +-- of a number of arguments to that constructor. Panics if that is not possible. +-- See also 'splitTyConApp_maybe' splitTyConApp :: Type -> (TyCon, [Type]) splitTyConApp ty = case splitTyConApp_maybe ty of Just stuff -> stuff Nothing -> pprPanic "splitTyConApp" (ppr ty) +-- | Attempts to tease a type apart into a type constructor and the application +-- of a number of arguments to that constructor splitTyConApp_maybe :: Type -> Maybe (TyCon, [Type]) splitTyConApp_maybe ty | Just ty' <- coreView ty = splitTyConApp_maybe ty' splitTyConApp_maybe (TyConApp tc tys) = Just (tc, tys) splitTyConApp_maybe (FunTy arg res) = Just (funTyCon, [arg,res]) -splitTyConApp_maybe other = Nothing +splitTyConApp_maybe _ = Nothing --- Sometimes we do NOT want to look throught a newtype. When case matching --- on a newtype we want a convenient way to access the arguments of a newty --- constructor so as to properly form a coercion. +-- | Sometimes we do NOT want to look through a @newtype@. When case matching +-- on a newtype we want a convenient way to access the arguments of a @newtype@ +-- constructor so as to properly form a coercion, and so we use 'splitNewTyConApp' +-- instead of 'splitTyConApp_maybe' splitNewTyConApp :: Type -> (TyCon, [Type]) splitNewTyConApp ty = case splitNewTyConApp_maybe ty of Just stuff -> stuff @@ -415,11 +546,11 @@ splitNewTyConApp_maybe :: Type -> Maybe (TyCon, [Type]) splitNewTyConApp_maybe ty | Just ty' <- tcView ty = splitNewTyConApp_maybe ty' splitNewTyConApp_maybe (TyConApp tc tys) = Just (tc, tys) splitNewTyConApp_maybe (FunTy arg res) = Just (funTyCon, [arg,res]) -splitNewTyConApp_maybe other = Nothing +splitNewTyConApp_maybe _ = Nothing newTyConInstRhs :: TyCon -> [Type] -> Type --- Unwrap one 'layer' of newtype --- Use the eta'd version if possible +-- ^ Unwrap one 'layer' of newtype on a type constructor and it's arguments, using an +-- eta-reduced version of the @newtype@ if possible newTyConInstRhs tycon tys = ASSERT2( equalLength tvs tys1, ppr tycon $$ ppr tys $$ ppr tvs ) mkAppTys (substTyWith tvs tys1 ty) tys2 @@ -448,52 +579,84 @@ The reason is that we then get better (shorter) type signatures in interfaces. Notably this plays a role in tcTySigs in TcBinds.lhs. +Note [Expanding newtypes] +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +When expanding a type to expose a data-type constructor, we need to be +careful about newtypes, lest we fall into an infinite loop. Here are +the key examples: + + newtype Id x = MkId x + newtype Fix f = MkFix (f (Fix f)) + newtype T = MkT (T -> T) + + Type Expansion + -------------------------- + T T -> T + Fix Maybe Maybe (Fix Maybe) + Id (Id Int) Int + Fix Id NO NO NO + +Notice that we can expand T, even though it's recursive. +And we can expand Id (Id Int), even though the Id shows up +twice at the outer level. + +So, when expanding, we keep track of when we've seen a recursive +newtype at outermost level; and bale out if we see it again. + + Representation types ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -repType looks through - (a) for-alls, and - (b) synonyms - (c) predicates - (d) usage annotations - (e) all newtypes, including recursive ones, but not newtype families -It's useful in the back end. \begin{code} +-- | Looks through: +-- +-- 1. For-alls +-- +-- 2. Synonyms +-- +-- 3. Predicates +-- +-- 4. Usage annotations +-- +-- 5. All newtypes, including recursive ones, but not newtype families +-- +-- It's useful in the back end of the compiler. repType :: Type -> Type -- Only applied to types of kind *; hence tycons are saturated -repType ty | Just ty' <- coreView ty = repType ty' -repType (ForAllTy _ ty) = repType ty -repType (TyConApp tc tys) - | isNewTyCon tc - , (tvs, rep_ty) <- newTyConRep tc - = -- Recursive newtypes are opaque to coreView - -- but we must expand them here. Sure to - -- be saturated because repType is only applied - -- to types of kind * - ASSERT( tys `lengthIs` tyConArity tc ) - repType (substTyWith tvs tys rep_ty) - -repType ty = ty - --- repType' aims to be a more thorough version of repType --- For now it simply looks through the TyConApp args too -repType' ty -- | pprTrace "repType'" (ppr ty $$ ppr (go1 ty)) False = undefined - | otherwise = go1 ty - where - go1 = go . repType - go (TyConApp tc tys) = mkTyConApp tc (map repType' tys) - go ty = ty +repType ty + = go [] ty + where + go :: [TyCon] -> Type -> Type + go rec_nts ty | Just ty' <- coreView ty -- Expand synonyms + = go rec_nts ty' + + go rec_nts (ForAllTy _ ty) -- Look through foralls + = go rec_nts ty + + go rec_nts ty@(TyConApp tc tys) -- Expand newtypes + | Just _co_con <- newTyConCo_maybe tc -- See Note [Expanding newtypes] + = if tc `elem` rec_nts -- in Type.lhs + then ty + else go rec_nts' nt_rhs + where + nt_rhs = newTyConInstRhs tc tys + rec_nts' | isRecursiveTyCon tc = tc:rec_nts + | otherwise = rec_nts + + go _ ty = ty -- ToDo: this could be moved to the code generator, using splitTyConApp instead -- of inspecting the type directly. + +-- | Discovers the primitive representation of a more abstract 'Type' typePrimRep :: Type -> PrimRep typePrimRep ty = case repType ty of TyConApp tc _ -> tyConPrimRep tc FunTy _ _ -> PtrRep AppTy _ _ -> PtrRep -- See note below TyVarTy _ -> PtrRep - other -> pprPanic "typePrimRep" (ppr ty) + _ -> pprPanic "typePrimRep" (ppr ty) -- Types of the form 'f a' must be of kind *, not *#, so -- we are guaranteed that they are represented by pointers. -- The reason is that f must have kind *->*, not *->*#, because @@ -511,14 +674,16 @@ mkForAllTy :: TyVar -> Type -> Type mkForAllTy tyvar ty = mkForAllTys [tyvar] ty +-- | Wraps foralls over the type using the provided 'TyVar's from left to right mkForAllTys :: [TyVar] -> Type -> Type mkForAllTys tyvars ty = foldr ForAllTy ty tyvars isForAllTy :: Type -> Bool -isForAllTy (NoteTy _ ty) = isForAllTy ty isForAllTy (ForAllTy _ _) = True -isForAllTy other_ty = False +isForAllTy _ = False +-- | Attempts to take a forall type apart, returning the bound type variable +-- and the remainder of the type splitForAllTy_maybe :: Type -> Maybe (TyVar, Type) splitForAllTy_maybe ty = splitFAT_m ty where @@ -526,13 +691,17 @@ splitForAllTy_maybe ty = splitFAT_m ty splitFAT_m (ForAllTy tyvar ty) = Just(tyvar, ty) splitFAT_m _ = Nothing +-- | Attempts to take a forall type apart, returning all the immediate such bound +-- type variables and the remainder of the type. Always suceeds, even if that means +-- returning an empty list of 'TyVar's splitForAllTys :: Type -> ([TyVar], Type) splitForAllTys ty = split ty ty [] where split orig_ty ty tvs | Just ty' <- coreView ty = split orig_ty ty' tvs - split orig_ty (ForAllTy tv ty) tvs = split ty ty (tv:tvs) - split orig_ty t tvs = (reverse tvs, orig_ty) + split _ (ForAllTy tv ty) tvs = split ty ty (tv:tvs) + split orig_ty _ tvs = (reverse tvs, orig_ty) +-- | Equivalent to @snd . splitForAllTys@ dropForAlls :: Type -> Type dropForAlls ty = snd (splitForAllTys ty) \end{code} @@ -541,39 +710,50 @@ dropForAlls ty = snd (splitForAllTys ty) applyTy, applyTys ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -Instantiate a for-all type with one or more type arguments. -Used when we have a polymorphic function applied to type args: - f t1 t2 -Then we use (applyTys type-of-f [t1,t2]) to compute the type of -the expression. \begin{code} +-- | Instantiate a forall type with one or more type arguments. +-- Used when we have a polymorphic function applied to type args: +-- +-- > f t1 t2 +-- +-- We use @applyTys type-of-f [t1,t2]@ to compute the type of the expression. +-- Panics if no application is possible. applyTy :: Type -> Type -> Type applyTy ty arg | Just ty' <- coreView ty = applyTy ty' arg applyTy (ForAllTy tv ty) arg = substTyWith [tv] [arg] ty -applyTy other arg = panic "applyTy" +applyTy _ _ = panic "applyTy" applyTys :: Type -> [Type] -> Type --- This function is interesting because --- a) the function may have more for-alls than there are args --- b) less obviously, it may have fewer for-alls --- For case (b) think of --- applyTys (forall a.a) [forall b.b, Int] +-- ^ This function is interesting because: +-- +-- 1. The function may have more for-alls than there are args +-- +-- 2. Less obviously, it may have fewer for-alls +-- +-- For case 2. think of: +-- +-- > applyTys (forall a.a) [forall b.b, Int] +-- -- This really can happen, via dressing up polymorphic types with newtype -- clothing. Here's an example: --- newtype R = R (forall a. a->a) --- foo = case undefined :: R of --- R f -> f () +-- +-- > newtype R = R (forall a. a->a) +-- > foo = case undefined :: R of +-- > R f -> f () -applyTys orig_fun_ty [] = orig_fun_ty -applyTys orig_fun_ty arg_tys +applyTys ty args = applyTysD empty ty args + +applyTysD :: SDoc -> Type -> [Type] -> Type -- Debug version +applyTysD _ orig_fun_ty [] = orig_fun_ty +applyTysD doc orig_fun_ty arg_tys | n_tvs == n_args -- The vastly common case = substTyWith tvs arg_tys rho_ty | n_tvs > n_args -- Too many for-alls = substTyWith (take n_args tvs) arg_tys (mkForAllTys (drop n_args tvs) rho_ty) | otherwise -- Too many type args - = ASSERT2( n_tvs > 0, ppr orig_fun_ty ) -- Zero case gives infnite loop! + = ASSERT2( n_tvs > 0, doc $$ ppr orig_fun_ty ) -- Zero case gives infnite loop! applyTys (substTyWith tvs (take n_tvs arg_tys) rho_ty) (drop n_tvs arg_tys) where @@ -589,9 +769,6 @@ applyTys orig_fun_ty arg_tys %* * %************************************************************************ -A "source type" is a type that is a separate type as far as the type checker is -concerned, but which has low-level representation as far as the back end is concerned. - Source types are always lifted. The key function is predTypeRep which gives the representation of a source type: @@ -604,10 +781,8 @@ mkPredTys :: ThetaType -> [Type] mkPredTys preds = map PredTy preds predTypeRep :: PredType -> Type --- Convert a PredType to its "representation type"; --- the post-type-checking type used by all the Core passes of GHC. --- Unwraps only the outermost level; for example, the result might --- be a newtype application +-- ^ Convert a 'PredType' to its representation type. However, it unwraps +-- only the outermost level; for example, the result might be a newtype application predTypeRep (IParam _ ty) = ty predTypeRep (ClassP clas tys) = mkTyConApp (classTyCon clas) tys -- Result might be a newtype application, but the consumer will @@ -615,12 +790,15 @@ predTypeRep (ClassP clas tys) = mkTyConApp (classTyCon clas) tys predTypeRep (EqPred ty1 ty2) = pprPanic "predTypeRep" (ppr (EqPred ty1 ty2)) mkFamilyTyConApp :: TyCon -> [Type] -> Type --- Given a family instance TyCon and its arg types, return the --- corresponding family type. E.g. --- data family T a --- data instance T (Maybe b) = MkT b -- Instance tycon :RTL --- Then --- mkFamilyTyConApp :RTL Int = T (Maybe Int) +-- ^ Given a family instance TyCon and its arg types, return the +-- corresponding family type. E.g: +-- +-- > data family T a +-- > data instance T (Maybe b) = MkT b +-- +-- Where the instance tycon is :RTL, so: +-- +-- > mkFamilyTyConApp :RTL Int = T (Maybe Int) mkFamilyTyConApp tc tys | Just (fam_tc, fam_tys) <- tyConFamInst_maybe tc , let fam_subst = zipTopTvSubst (tyConTyVars tc) tys @@ -628,10 +806,13 @@ mkFamilyTyConApp tc tys | otherwise = mkTyConApp tc tys --- Pretty prints a tycon, using the family instance in case of a --- representation tycon. For example --- e.g. data T [a] = ... --- In that case we want to print `T [a]', where T is the family TyCon +-- | Pretty prints a 'TyCon', using the family instance in case of a +-- representation tycon. For example: +-- +-- > data T [a] = ... +-- +-- In that case we want to print @T [a]@, where @T@ is the family 'TyCon' +pprSourceTyCon :: TyCon -> SDoc pprSourceTyCon tycon | Just (fam_tc, tys) <- tyConFamInst_maybe tycon = ppr $ fam_tc `TyConApp` tys -- can't be FunTyCon @@ -655,12 +836,11 @@ typeKind (TyConApp tycon tys) = ASSERT( not (isCoercionTyCon tycon) ) -- We should be looking for the coercion kind, -- not the type kind foldr (\_ k -> kindFunResult k) (tyConKind tycon) tys -typeKind (NoteTy _ ty) = typeKind ty typeKind (PredTy pred) = predKind pred -typeKind (AppTy fun arg) = kindFunResult (typeKind fun) -typeKind (ForAllTy tv ty) = typeKind ty +typeKind (AppTy fun _) = kindFunResult (typeKind fun) +typeKind (ForAllTy _ ty) = typeKind ty typeKind (TyVarTy tyvar) = tyVarKind tyvar -typeKind (FunTy arg res) +typeKind (FunTy _arg res) -- Hack alert. The kind of (Int -> Int#) is liftedTypeKind (*), -- not unliftedTypKind (#) -- The only things that can be after a function arrow are @@ -683,10 +863,9 @@ predKind (IParam {}) = liftedTypeKind -- always represented by lifted types ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \begin{code} tyVarsOfType :: Type -> TyVarSet --- NB: for type synonyms tyVarsOfType does *not* expand the synonym +-- ^ NB: for type synonyms tyVarsOfType does /not/ expand the synonym tyVarsOfType (TyVarTy tv) = unitVarSet tv -tyVarsOfType (TyConApp tycon tys) = tyVarsOfTypes tys -tyVarsOfType (NoteTy (FTVNote tvs) ty2) = tvs +tyVarsOfType (TyConApp _ tys) = tyVarsOfTypes tys tyVarsOfType (PredTy sty) = tyVarsOfPred sty tyVarsOfType (FunTy arg res) = tyVarsOfType arg `unionVarSet` tyVarsOfType res tyVarsOfType (AppTy fun arg) = tyVarsOfType fun `unionVarSet` tyVarsOfType arg @@ -702,11 +881,6 @@ tyVarsOfPred (EqPred ty1 ty2) = tyVarsOfType ty1 `unionVarSet` tyVarsOfType ty2 tyVarsOfTheta :: ThetaType -> TyVarSet tyVarsOfTheta = foldr (unionVarSet . tyVarsOfPred) emptyVarSet - --- Add a Note with the free tyvars to the top of the type -addFreeTyVars :: Type -> Type -addFreeTyVars ty@(NoteTy (FTVNote _) _) = ty -addFreeTyVars ty = NoteTy (FTVNote (tyVarsOfType ty)) ty \end{code} @@ -716,9 +890,8 @@ addFreeTyVars ty = NoteTy (FTVNote (tyVarsOfType ty)) ty %* * %************************************************************************ -Type family instances occuring in a type after expanding synonyms. - \begin{code} +-- | Finds type family instances occuring in a type after expanding synonyms. tyFamInsts :: Type -> [(TyCon, [Type])] tyFamInsts ty | Just exp_ty <- tcView ty = tyFamInsts exp_ty @@ -738,12 +911,11 @@ tyFamInsts (ForAllTy _ ty) = tyFamInsts ty %* * %************************************************************************ -tidyTy tidies up a type for printing in an error message, or in -an interface file. - -It doesn't change the uniques at all, just the print names. - \begin{code} +-- | This tidies up a type for printing in an error message, or in +-- an interface file. +-- +-- It doesn't change the uniques at all, just the print names. tidyTyVarBndr :: TidyEnv -> TyVar -> (TidyEnv, TyVar) tidyTyVarBndr env@(tidy_env, subst) tyvar = case tidyOccName tidy_env (getOccName name) of @@ -760,7 +932,7 @@ tidyTyVarBndr env@(tidy_env, subst) tyvar name = tyVarName tyvar tidyFreeTyVars :: TidyEnv -> TyVarSet -> TidyEnv --- Add the free tyvars to the env in tidy form, +-- ^ Add the free 'TyVar's to the env in tidy form, -- so that we can tidy the type they are free in tidyFreeTyVars env tyvars = fst (tidyOpenTyVars env (varSetElems tyvars)) @@ -768,14 +940,16 @@ tidyOpenTyVars :: TidyEnv -> [TyVar] -> (TidyEnv, [TyVar]) tidyOpenTyVars env tyvars = mapAccumL tidyOpenTyVar env tyvars tidyOpenTyVar :: TidyEnv -> TyVar -> (TidyEnv, TyVar) --- Treat a new tyvar as a binder, and give it a fresh tidy name -tidyOpenTyVar env@(tidy_env, subst) tyvar +-- ^ Treat a new 'TyVar' as a binder, and give it a fresh tidy name +-- using the environment if one has not already been allocated. See +-- also 'tidyTyVarBndr' +tidyOpenTyVar env@(_, subst) tyvar = case lookupVarEnv subst tyvar of Just tyvar' -> (env, tyvar') -- Already substituted Nothing -> tidyTyVarBndr env tyvar -- Treat it as a binder tidyType :: TidyEnv -> Type -> Type -tidyType env@(tidy_env, subst) ty +tidyType env@(_, subst) ty = go ty where go (TyVarTy tv) = case lookupVarEnv subst tv of @@ -783,7 +957,6 @@ tidyType env@(tidy_env, subst) ty Just tv' -> TyVarTy tv' go (TyConApp tycon tys) = let args = map go tys in args `seqList` TyConApp tycon args - go (NoteTy note ty) = (NoteTy $! (go_note note)) $! (go ty) go (PredTy sty) = PredTy (tidyPred env sty) go (AppTy fun arg) = (AppTy $! (go fun)) $! (go arg) go (FunTy fun arg) = (FunTy $! (go fun)) $! (go arg) @@ -791,8 +964,7 @@ tidyType env@(tidy_env, subst) ty where (envp, tvp) = tidyTyVarBndr env tv - go_note note@(FTVNote ftvs) = note -- No need to tidy the free tyvars - +tidyTypes :: TidyEnv -> [Type] -> [Type] tidyTypes env tys = map (tidyType env) tys tidyPred :: TidyEnv -> PredType -> PredType @@ -802,10 +974,9 @@ tidyPred env (EqPred ty1 ty2) = EqPred (tidyType env ty1) (tidyType env ty2) \end{code} -@tidyOpenType@ grabs the free type variables, tidies them -and then uses @tidyType@ to work over the type itself - \begin{code} +-- | Grabs the free type variables, tidies them +-- and then uses 'tidyType' to work over the type itself tidyOpenType :: TidyEnv -> Type -> (TidyEnv, Type) tidyOpenType env ty = (env', tidyType env' ty) @@ -815,6 +986,7 @@ tidyOpenType env ty tidyOpenTypes :: TidyEnv -> [Type] -> (TidyEnv, [Type]) tidyOpenTypes env tys = mapAccumL tidyOpenType env tys +-- | Calls 'tidyType' on a top-level type (i.e. with an empty tidying environment) tidyTopType :: Type -> Type tidyTopType ty = tidyType emptyTidyEnv ty \end{code} @@ -834,6 +1006,7 @@ tidyKind env k = tidyOpenType env k %************************************************************************ \begin{code} +-- | See "Type#type_classification" for what an unlifted type is isUnLiftedType :: Type -> Bool -- isUnLiftedType returns True for forall'd unlifted types: -- x :: forall a. Int# @@ -842,60 +1015,78 @@ isUnLiftedType :: Type -> Bool -- construct them isUnLiftedType ty | Just ty' <- coreView ty = isUnLiftedType ty' -isUnLiftedType (ForAllTy tv ty) = isUnLiftedType ty +isUnLiftedType (ForAllTy _ ty) = isUnLiftedType ty isUnLiftedType (TyConApp tc _) = isUnLiftedTyCon tc -isUnLiftedType other = False +isUnLiftedType _ = False isUnboxedTupleType :: Type -> Bool isUnboxedTupleType ty = case splitTyConApp_maybe ty of - Just (tc, ty_args) -> isUnboxedTupleTyCon tc - other -> False + Just (tc, _ty_args) -> isUnboxedTupleTyCon tc + _ -> False --- Should only be applied to *types*; hence the assert +-- | See "Type#type_classification" for what an algebraic type is. +-- Should only be applied to /types/, as opposed to e.g. partially +-- saturated type constructors isAlgType :: Type -> Bool -isAlgType ty = case splitTyConApp_maybe ty of - Just (tc, ty_args) -> ASSERT( ty_args `lengthIs` tyConArity tc ) - isAlgTyCon tc - other -> False +isAlgType ty + = case splitTyConApp_maybe ty of + Just (tc, ty_args) -> ASSERT( ty_args `lengthIs` tyConArity tc ) + isAlgTyCon tc + _other -> False + +-- | See "Type#type_classification" for what an algebraic type is. +-- Should only be applied to /types/, as opposed to e.g. partially +-- saturated type constructors. Closed type constructors are those +-- with a fixed right hand side, as opposed to e.g. associated types +isClosedAlgType :: Type -> Bool +isClosedAlgType ty + = case splitTyConApp_maybe ty of + Just (tc, ty_args) -> ASSERT( ty_args `lengthIs` tyConArity tc ) + isAlgTyCon tc && not (isOpenTyCon tc) + _other -> False \end{code} -@isStrictType@ computes whether an argument (or let RHS) should -be computed strictly or lazily, based only on its type. -Works just like isUnLiftedType, except that it has a special case -for dictionaries. Since it takes account of ClassP, you might think -this function should be in TcType, but isStrictType is used by DataCon, -which is below TcType in the hierarchy, so it's convenient to put it here. - \begin{code} +-- | Computes whether an argument (or let right hand side) should +-- be computed strictly or lazily, based only on its type. +-- Works just like 'isUnLiftedType', except that it has a special case +-- for dictionaries (i.e. does not work purely on representation types) + +-- Since it takes account of class 'PredType's, you might think +-- this function should be in 'TcType', but 'isStrictType' is used by 'DataCon', +-- which is below 'TcType' in the hierarchy, so it's convenient to put it here. +isStrictType :: Type -> Bool isStrictType (PredTy pred) = isStrictPred pred isStrictType ty | Just ty' <- coreView ty = isStrictType ty' -isStrictType (ForAllTy tv ty) = isStrictType ty +isStrictType (ForAllTy _ ty) = isStrictType ty isStrictType (TyConApp tc _) = isUnLiftedTyCon tc -isStrictType other = False +isStrictType _ = False +-- | We may be strict in dictionary types, but only if it +-- has more than one component. +-- +-- (Being strict in a single-component dictionary risks +-- poking the dictionary component, which is wrong.) +isStrictPred :: PredType -> Bool isStrictPred (ClassP clas _) = opt_DictsStrict && not (isNewTyCon (classTyCon clas)) -isStrictPred other = False - -- We may be strict in dictionary types, but only if it - -- has more than one component. - -- [Being strict in a single-component dictionary risks - -- poking the dictionary component, which is wrong.] +isStrictPred _ = False \end{code} \begin{code} isPrimitiveType :: Type -> Bool --- Returns types that are opaque to Haskell. +-- ^ Returns true of types that are opaque to Haskell. -- Most of these are unlifted, but now that we interact with .NET, we -- may have primtive (foreign-imported) types that are lifted isPrimitiveType ty = case splitTyConApp_maybe ty of Just (tc, ty_args) -> ASSERT( ty_args `lengthIs` tyConArity tc ) isPrimTyCon tc - other -> False + _ -> False \end{code} %************************************************************************ %* * -\subsection{Sequencing on types +\subsection{Sequencing on types} %* * %************************************************************************ @@ -904,7 +1095,6 @@ seqType :: Type -> () seqType (TyVarTy tv) = tv `seq` () seqType (AppTy t1 t2) = seqType t1 `seq` seqType t2 seqType (FunTy t1 t2) = seqType t1 `seq` seqType t2 -seqType (NoteTy note t2) = seqNote note `seq` seqType t2 seqType (PredTy p) = seqPred p seqType (TyConApp tc tys) = tc `seq` seqTypes tys seqType (ForAllTy tv ty) = tv `seq` seqType ty @@ -913,9 +1103,6 @@ seqTypes :: [Type] -> () seqTypes [] = () seqTypes (ty:tys) = seqType ty `seq` seqTypes tys -seqNote :: TyNote -> () -seqNote (FTVNote set) = sizeUniqSet set `seq` () - seqPred :: PredType -> () seqPred (ClassP c tys) = c `seq` seqTypes tys seqPred (IParam n ty) = n `seq` seqType ty @@ -934,6 +1121,7 @@ Note that eqType works right even for partial applications of newtypes. See Note [Newtype eta] in TyCon.lhs \begin{code} +-- | Type equality test for Core types (i.e. ignores predicate-types, synonyms etc.) coreEqType :: Type -> Type -> Bool coreEqType t1 t2 = eq rn_env t1 t2 @@ -961,7 +1149,7 @@ coreEqType t1 t2 | Just t2' <- coreView t2 = eq env t1 t2' -- Fall through case; not equal! - eq env t1 t2 = False + eq _ _ _ = False \end{code} @@ -972,18 +1160,16 @@ coreEqType t1 t2 %* * %************************************************************************ -Note that - tcEqType, tcCmpType -do *not* look through newtypes, PredTypes - \begin{code} tcEqType :: Type -> Type -> Bool +-- ^ Type equality on source types. Does not look through @newtypes@ or 'PredType's tcEqType t1 t2 = isEqual $ cmpType t1 t2 tcEqTypes :: [Type] -> [Type] -> Bool tcEqTypes tys1 tys2 = isEqual $ cmpTypes tys1 tys2 tcCmpType :: Type -> Type -> Ordering +-- ^ Type ordering on source types. Does not look through @newtypes@ or 'PredType's tcCmpType t1 t2 = cmpType t1 t2 tcCmpTypes :: [Type] -> [Type] -> Ordering @@ -992,6 +1178,9 @@ tcCmpTypes tys1 tys2 = cmpTypes tys1 tys2 tcEqPred :: PredType -> PredType -> Bool tcEqPred p1 p2 = isEqual $ cmpPred p1 p2 +tcEqPredX :: RnEnv2 -> PredType -> PredType -> Bool +tcEqPredX env p1 p2 = isEqual $ cmpPredX env p1 p2 + tcCmpPred :: PredType -> PredType -> Ordering tcCmpPred p1 p2 = cmpPred p1 p2 @@ -999,10 +1188,9 @@ tcEqTypeX :: RnEnv2 -> Type -> Type -> Bool tcEqTypeX env t1 t2 = isEqual $ cmpTypeX env t1 t2 \end{code} -Checks whether the second argument is a subterm of the first. (We don't care -about binders, as we are only interested in syntactic subterms.) - \begin{code} +-- | Checks whether the second argument is a subterm of the first. (We don't care +-- about binders, as we are only interested in syntactic subterms.) tcPartOfType :: Type -> Type -> Bool tcPartOfType t1 t2 | tcEqType t1 t2 = True @@ -1014,7 +1202,6 @@ tcPartOfType t1 (AppTy s2 t2) = tcPartOfType t1 s2 || tcPartOfType t1 t2 tcPartOfType t1 (FunTy s2 t2) = tcPartOfType t1 s2 || tcPartOfType t1 t2 tcPartOfType t1 (PredTy p2) = tcPartOfPred t1 p2 tcPartOfType t1 (TyConApp _ ts) = any (tcPartOfType t1) ts -tcPartOfType t1 (NoteTy _ t2) = tcPartOfType t1 t2 tcPartOfPred :: Type -> PredType -> Bool tcPartOfPred t1 (IParam _ t2) = tcPartOfType t1 t2 @@ -1050,33 +1237,32 @@ cmpTypeX env (AppTy s1 t1) (AppTy s2 t2) = cmpTypeX env s1 s2 `thenC cmpTypeX env (FunTy s1 t1) (FunTy s2 t2) = cmpTypeX env s1 s2 `thenCmp` cmpTypeX env t1 t2 cmpTypeX env (PredTy p1) (PredTy p2) = cmpPredX env p1 p2 cmpTypeX env (TyConApp tc1 tys1) (TyConApp tc2 tys2) = (tc1 `compare` tc2) `thenCmp` cmpTypesX env tys1 tys2 -cmpTypeX env t1 (NoteTy _ t2) = cmpTypeX env t1 t2 -- Deal with the rest: TyVarTy < AppTy < FunTy < TyConApp < ForAllTy < PredTy -cmpTypeX env (AppTy _ _) (TyVarTy _) = GT - -cmpTypeX env (FunTy _ _) (TyVarTy _) = GT -cmpTypeX env (FunTy _ _) (AppTy _ _) = GT - -cmpTypeX env (TyConApp _ _) (TyVarTy _) = GT -cmpTypeX env (TyConApp _ _) (AppTy _ _) = GT -cmpTypeX env (TyConApp _ _) (FunTy _ _) = GT - -cmpTypeX env (ForAllTy _ _) (TyVarTy _) = GT -cmpTypeX env (ForAllTy _ _) (AppTy _ _) = GT -cmpTypeX env (ForAllTy _ _) (FunTy _ _) = GT -cmpTypeX env (ForAllTy _ _) (TyConApp _ _) = GT +cmpTypeX _ (AppTy _ _) (TyVarTy _) = GT + +cmpTypeX _ (FunTy _ _) (TyVarTy _) = GT +cmpTypeX _ (FunTy _ _) (AppTy _ _) = GT + +cmpTypeX _ (TyConApp _ _) (TyVarTy _) = GT +cmpTypeX _ (TyConApp _ _) (AppTy _ _) = GT +cmpTypeX _ (TyConApp _ _) (FunTy _ _) = GT + +cmpTypeX _ (ForAllTy _ _) (TyVarTy _) = GT +cmpTypeX _ (ForAllTy _ _) (AppTy _ _) = GT +cmpTypeX _ (ForAllTy _ _) (FunTy _ _) = GT +cmpTypeX _ (ForAllTy _ _) (TyConApp _ _) = GT -cmpTypeX env (PredTy _) t2 = GT +cmpTypeX _ (PredTy _) _ = GT -cmpTypeX env _ _ = LT +cmpTypeX _ _ _ = LT ------------- cmpTypesX :: RnEnv2 -> [Type] -> [Type] -> Ordering -cmpTypesX env [] [] = EQ +cmpTypesX _ [] [] = EQ cmpTypesX env (t1:tys1) (t2:tys2) = cmpTypeX env t1 t2 `thenCmp` cmpTypesX env tys1 tys2 -cmpTypesX env [] tys = LT -cmpTypesX env ty [] = GT +cmpTypesX _ [] _ = LT +cmpTypesX _ _ [] = GT ------------- cmpPredX :: RnEnv2 -> PredType -> PredType -> Ordering @@ -1090,10 +1276,10 @@ cmpPredX env (ClassP c1 tys1) (ClassP c2 tys2) = (c1 `compare` c2) `thenCmp` (cm cmpPredX env (EqPred ty1 ty2) (EqPred ty1' ty2') = (cmpTypeX env ty1 ty1') `thenCmp` (cmpTypeX env ty2 ty2') -- Constructor order: IParam < ClassP < EqPred -cmpPredX env (IParam {}) _ = LT -cmpPredX env (ClassP {}) (IParam {}) = GT -cmpPredX env (ClassP {}) (EqPred {}) = LT -cmpPredX env (EqPred {}) _ = GT +cmpPredX _ (IParam {}) _ = LT +cmpPredX _ (ClassP {}) (IParam {}) = GT +cmpPredX _ (ClassP {}) (EqPred {}) = LT +cmpPredX _ (EqPred {}) _ = GT \end{code} PredTypes are used as a FM key in TcSimplify, @@ -1112,6 +1298,19 @@ instance Ord PredType where { compare = tcCmpPred } %************************************************************************ \begin{code} +-- | Type substitution +-- +-- #tvsubst_invariant# +-- The following invariants must hold of a 'TvSubst': +-- +-- 1. The in-scope set is needed /only/ to +-- guide the generation of fresh uniques +-- +-- 2. In particular, the /kind/ of the type variables in +-- the in-scope set is not relevant +-- +-- 3. The substition is only applied ONCE! This is because +-- in general such application will not reached a fixed point. data TvSubst = TvSubst InScopeSet -- The in-scope type variables TvSubstEnv -- The substitution itself @@ -1141,13 +1340,7 @@ we use during unifications, it must not be repeatedly applied. Note [Extending the TvSubst] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -The following invariant should hold of a TvSubst - - The in-scope set is needed *only* to - guide the generation of fresh uniques - - In particular, the *kind* of the type variables in - the in-scope set is not relevant +See #tvsubst_invariant# for the invariants that must hold. This invariant allows a short-cut when the TvSubstEnv is empty: if the TvSubstEnv is empty --- i.e. (isEmptyTvSubt subst) holds --- @@ -1172,20 +1365,21 @@ This invariant has several crucial consequences: -------------------------------------------------------------- -} - +-- | A substitition of 'Type's for 'TyVar's type TvSubstEnv = TyVarEnv Type -- A TvSubstEnv is used both inside a TvSubst (with the apply-once -- invariant discussed in Note [Apply Once]), and also independently -- in the middle of matching, and unification (see Types.Unify) -- So you have to look at the context to know if it's idempotent or -- apply-once or whatever + emptyTvSubstEnv :: TvSubstEnv emptyTvSubstEnv = emptyVarEnv composeTvSubst :: InScopeSet -> TvSubstEnv -> TvSubstEnv -> TvSubstEnv --- (compose env1 env2)(x) is env1(env2(x)); i.e. apply env2 then env1 --- It assumes that both are idempotent --- Typically, env1 is the refinement to a base substitution env2 +-- ^ @(compose env1 env2)(x)@ is @env1(env2(x))@; i.e. apply @env2@ then @env1@. +-- It assumes that both are idempotent. +-- Typically, @env1@ is the refinement to a base substitution @env2@ composeTvSubst in_scope env1 env2 = env1 `plusVarEnv` mapVarEnv (substTy subst1) env2 -- First apply env1 to the range of env2 @@ -1195,6 +1389,7 @@ composeTvSubst in_scope env1 env2 where subst1 = TvSubst in_scope env1 +emptyTvSubst :: TvSubst emptyTvSubst = TvSubst emptyInScopeSet emptyVarEnv isEmptyTvSubst :: TvSubst -> Bool @@ -1233,44 +1428,55 @@ extendTvSubstList (TvSubst in_scope env) tvs tys -- the types given; but it's just a thunk so with a bit of luck -- it'll never be evaluated +-- Note [Generating the in-scope set for a substitution] +-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +-- If we want to substitute [a -> ty1, b -> ty2] I used to +-- think it was enough to generate an in-scope set that includes +-- fv(ty1,ty2). But that's not enough; we really should also take the +-- free vars of the type we are substituting into! Example: +-- (forall b. (a,b,x)) [a -> List b] +-- Then if we use the in-scope set {b}, there is a danger we will rename +-- the forall'd variable to 'x' by mistake, getting this: +-- (forall x. (List b, x, x) +-- Urk! This means looking at all the calls to mkOpenTvSubst.... + + +-- | Generates the in-scope set for the 'TvSubst' from the types in the incoming +-- environment, hence "open" mkOpenTvSubst :: TvSubstEnv -> TvSubst mkOpenTvSubst env = TvSubst (mkInScopeSet (tyVarsOfTypes (varEnvElts env))) env +-- | Generates the in-scope set for the 'TvSubst' from the types in the incoming +-- environment, hence "open" zipOpenTvSubst :: [TyVar] -> [Type] -> TvSubst zipOpenTvSubst tyvars tys -#ifdef DEBUG - | length tyvars /= length tys + | debugIsOn && (length tyvars /= length tys) = pprTrace "zipOpenTvSubst" (ppr tyvars $$ ppr tys) emptyTvSubst | otherwise -#endif = TvSubst (mkInScopeSet (tyVarsOfTypes tys)) (zipTyEnv tyvars tys) --- mkTopTvSubst is called when doing top-level substitutions. --- Here we expect that the free vars of the range of the --- substitution will be empty. +-- | Called when doing top-level substitutions. Here we expect that the +-- free vars of the range of the substitution will be empty. mkTopTvSubst :: [(TyVar, Type)] -> TvSubst mkTopTvSubst prs = TvSubst emptyInScopeSet (mkVarEnv prs) zipTopTvSubst :: [TyVar] -> [Type] -> TvSubst zipTopTvSubst tyvars tys -#ifdef DEBUG - | length tyvars /= length tys + | debugIsOn && (length tyvars /= length tys) = pprTrace "zipTopTvSubst" (ppr tyvars $$ ppr tys) emptyTvSubst | otherwise -#endif = TvSubst emptyInScopeSet (zipTyEnv tyvars tys) zipTyEnv :: [TyVar] -> [Type] -> TvSubstEnv zipTyEnv tyvars tys -#ifdef DEBUG - | length tyvars /= length tys + | debugIsOn && (length tyvars /= length tys) = pprTrace "mkTopTvSubst" (ppr tyvars $$ ppr tys) emptyVarEnv | otherwise -#endif = zip_ty_env tyvars tys emptyVarEnv -- Later substitutions in the list over-ride earlier ones, -- but there should be no loops +zip_ty_env :: [TyVar] -> [Type] -> TvSubstEnv -> TvSubstEnv zip_ty_env [] [] env = env zip_ty_env (tv:tvs) (ty:tys) env = zip_ty_env tvs tys (extendVarEnv env tv ty) -- There used to be a special case for when @@ -1290,9 +1496,9 @@ zip_ty_env tvs tys env = pprTrace "Var/Type length mismatch: " (ppr instance Outputable TvSubst where ppr (TvSubst ins env) - = brackets $ sep[ ptext SLIT("TvSubst"), - nest 2 (ptext SLIT("In scope:") <+> ppr ins), - nest 2 (ptext SLIT("Env:") <+> ppr env) ] + = brackets $ sep[ ptext (sLit "TvSubst"), + nest 2 (ptext (sLit "In scope:") <+> ppr ins), + nest 2 (ptext (sLit "Env:") <+> ppr env) ] \end{code} %************************************************************************ @@ -1302,29 +1508,42 @@ instance Outputable TvSubst where %************************************************************************ \begin{code} +-- | Type substitution making use of an 'TvSubst' that +-- is assumed to be open, see 'zipOpenTvSubst' substTyWith :: [TyVar] -> [Type] -> Type -> Type substTyWith tvs tys = ASSERT( length tvs == length tys ) substTy (zipOpenTvSubst tvs tys) +-- | Type substitution making use of an 'TvSubst' that +-- is assumed to be open, see 'zipOpenTvSubst' +substTysWith :: [TyVar] -> [Type] -> [Type] -> [Type] +substTysWith tvs tys = ASSERT( length tvs == length tys ) + substTys (zipOpenTvSubst tvs tys) + +-- | Substitute within a 'Type' substTy :: TvSubst -> Type -> Type substTy subst ty | isEmptyTvSubst subst = ty | otherwise = subst_ty subst ty +-- | Substitute within several 'Type's substTys :: TvSubst -> [Type] -> [Type] substTys subst tys | isEmptyTvSubst subst = tys | otherwise = map (subst_ty subst) tys +-- | Substitute within a 'ThetaType' substTheta :: TvSubst -> ThetaType -> ThetaType substTheta subst theta | isEmptyTvSubst subst = theta | otherwise = map (substPred subst) theta +-- | Substitute within a 'PredType' substPred :: TvSubst -> PredType -> PredType substPred subst (IParam n ty) = IParam n (subst_ty subst ty) substPred subst (ClassP clas tys) = ClassP clas (map (subst_ty subst) tys) substPred subst (EqPred ty1 ty2) = EqPred (subst_ty subst ty1) (subst_ty subst ty2) -deShadowTy :: TyVarSet -> Type -> Type -- Remove any nested binders mentioning tvs +-- | Remove any nested binders mentioning the 'TyVar's in the 'TyVarSet' +deShadowTy :: TyVarSet -> Type -> Type deShadowTy tvs ty = subst_ty (mkTvSubst in_scope emptyTvSubstEnv) ty where @@ -1338,24 +1557,23 @@ subst_ty :: TvSubst -> Type -> Type subst_ty subst ty = go ty where - go (TyVarTy tv) = substTyVar subst tv - go (TyConApp tc tys) = let args = map go tys - in args `seqList` TyConApp tc args + go (TyVarTy tv) = substTyVar subst tv + go (TyConApp tc tys) = let args = map go tys + in args `seqList` TyConApp tc args - go (PredTy p) = PredTy $! (substPred subst p) + go (PredTy p) = PredTy $! (substPred subst p) - go (NoteTy (FTVNote _) ty2) = go ty2 -- Discard the free tyvar note - - go (FunTy arg res) = (FunTy $! (go arg)) $! (go res) - go (AppTy fun arg) = mkAppTy (go fun) $! (go arg) - -- The mkAppTy smart constructor is important - -- we might be replacing (a Int), represented with App - -- by [Int], represented with TyConApp - go (ForAllTy tv ty) = case substTyVarBndr subst tv of - (subst', tv') -> ForAllTy tv' $! (subst_ty subst' ty) + go (FunTy arg res) = (FunTy $! (go arg)) $! (go res) + go (AppTy fun arg) = mkAppTy (go fun) $! (go arg) + -- The mkAppTy smart constructor is important + -- we might be replacing (a Int), represented with App + -- by [Int], represented with TyConApp + go (ForAllTy tv ty) = case substTyVarBndr subst tv of + (subst', tv') -> + ForAllTy tv' $! (subst_ty subst' ty) substTyVar :: TvSubst -> TyVar -> Type -substTyVar subst@(TvSubst in_scope env) tv +substTyVar subst@(TvSubst _ _) tv = case lookupTyVar subst tv of { Nothing -> TyVarTy tv; Just ty -> ty -- See Note [Apply Once] @@ -1366,7 +1584,7 @@ substTyVars subst tvs = map (substTyVar subst) tvs lookupTyVar :: TvSubst -> TyVar -> Maybe Type -- See Note [Extending the TvSubst] -lookupTyVar (TvSubst in_scope env) tv = lookupVarEnv env tv +lookupTyVar (TvSubst _ env) tv = lookupVarEnv env tv substTyVarBndr :: TvSubst -> TyVar -> (TvSubst, TyVar) substTyVarBndr subst@(TvSubst in_scope env) old_var @@ -1403,28 +1621,35 @@ substTyVarBndr subst@(TvSubst in_scope env) old_var Kinds ~~~~~ -There's a little subtyping at the kind level: - - ? - / \ - / \ - ?? (#) - / \ - * # - -where * [LiftedTypeKind] means boxed type - # [UnliftedTypeKind] means unboxed type - (#) [UbxTupleKind] means unboxed tuple - ?? [ArgTypeKind] is the lub of *,# - ? [OpenTypeKind] means any type at all - -In particular: - - error :: forall a:?. String -> a - (->) :: ?? -> ? -> * - (\(x::t) -> ...) Here t::?? (i.e. not unboxed tuple) \begin{code} +-- $kind_subtyping +-- #kind_subtyping# +-- There's a little subtyping at the kind level: +-- +-- @ +-- ? +-- \/ \ +-- \/ \ +-- ?? (\#) +-- \/ \ +-- \* \# +-- . +-- Where: \* [LiftedTypeKind] means boxed type +-- \# [UnliftedTypeKind] means unboxed type +-- (\#) [UbxTupleKind] means unboxed tuple +-- ?? [ArgTypeKind] is the lub of {\*, \#} +-- ? [OpenTypeKind] means any type at all +-- @ +-- +-- In particular: +-- +-- > error :: forall a:?. String -> a +-- > (->) :: ?? -> ? -> \* +-- > (\\(x::t) -> ...) +-- +-- Where in the last example @t :: ??@ (i.e. is not an unboxed tuple) + type KindVar = TyVar -- invariant: KindVar will always be a -- TcTyVar with details MetaTv TauTv ... -- kind var constructors and functions are in TcType @@ -1468,39 +1693,45 @@ less-informative one to the more informative one. Neat, eh? %************************************************************************ \begin{code} +-- | Essentially 'funResultTy' on kinds kindFunResult :: Kind -> Kind kindFunResult k = funResultTy k +-- | Essentially 'splitFunTys' on kinds splitKindFunTys :: Kind -> ([Kind],Kind) splitKindFunTys k = splitFunTys k +-- | Essentially 'splitFunTysN' on kinds splitKindFunTysN :: Int -> Kind -> ([Kind],Kind) splitKindFunTysN k = splitFunTysN k +-- | See "Type#kind_subtyping" for details of the distinction between these 'Kind's isUbxTupleKind, isOpenTypeKind, isArgTypeKind, isUnliftedTypeKind :: Kind -> Bool +isOpenTypeKindCon, isUbxTupleKindCon, isArgTypeKindCon, + isUnliftedTypeKindCon, isSubArgTypeKindCon :: TyCon -> Bool isOpenTypeKindCon tc = tyConUnique tc == openTypeKindTyConKey isOpenTypeKind (TyConApp tc _) = isOpenTypeKindCon tc -isOpenTypeKind other = False +isOpenTypeKind _ = False isUbxTupleKindCon tc = tyConUnique tc == ubxTupleKindTyConKey isUbxTupleKind (TyConApp tc _) = isUbxTupleKindCon tc -isUbxTupleKind other = False +isUbxTupleKind _ = False isArgTypeKindCon tc = tyConUnique tc == argTypeKindTyConKey isArgTypeKind (TyConApp tc _) = isArgTypeKindCon tc -isArgTypeKind other = False +isArgTypeKind _ = False isUnliftedTypeKindCon tc = tyConUnique tc == unliftedTypeKindTyConKey isUnliftedTypeKind (TyConApp tc _) = isUnliftedTypeKindCon tc -isUnliftedTypeKind other = False +isUnliftedTypeKind _ = False isSubOpenTypeKind :: Kind -> Bool --- True of any sub-kind of OpenTypeKind (i.e. anything except arrow) +-- ^ True of any sub-kind of OpenTypeKind (i.e. anything except arrow) isSubOpenTypeKind (FunTy k1 k2) = ASSERT2 ( isKind k1, text "isSubOpenTypeKind" <+> ppr k1 <+> text "::" <+> ppr (typeKind k1) ) ASSERT2 ( isKind k2, text "isSubOpenTypeKind" <+> ppr k2 <+> text "::" <+> ppr (typeKind k2) ) False @@ -1517,30 +1748,32 @@ isSubArgTypeKindCon kc | otherwise = False isSubArgTypeKind :: Kind -> Bool --- True of any sub-kind of ArgTypeKind +-- ^ True of any sub-kind of ArgTypeKind isSubArgTypeKind (TyConApp kc []) = isSubArgTypeKindCon kc -isSubArgTypeKind other = False +isSubArgTypeKind _ = False +-- | Is this a super-kind (i.e. a type-of-kinds)? isSuperKind :: Type -> Bool isSuperKind (TyConApp (skc) []) = isSuperKindTyCon skc -isSuperKind other = False +isSuperKind _ = False +-- | Is this a kind (i.e. a type-of-types)? isKind :: Kind -> Bool isKind k = isSuperKind (typeKind k) isSubKind :: Kind -> Kind -> Bool --- (k1 `isSubKind` k2) checks that k1 <: k2 +-- ^ @k1 \`isSubKind\` k2@ checks that @k1@ <: @k2@ isSubKind (TyConApp kc1 []) (TyConApp kc2 []) = kc1 `isSubKindCon` kc2 isSubKind (FunTy a1 r1) (FunTy a2 r2) = (a2 `isSubKind` a1) && (r1 `isSubKind` r2) isSubKind (PredTy (EqPred ty1 ty2)) (PredTy (EqPred ty1' ty2')) = ty1 `tcEqType` ty1' && ty2 `tcEqType` ty2' -isSubKind k1 k2 = False +isSubKind _ _ = False eqKind :: Kind -> Kind -> Bool eqKind = tcEqType isSubKindCon :: TyCon -> TyCon -> Bool --- (kc1 `isSubKindCon` kc2) checks that kc1 <: kc2 +-- ^ @kc1 \`isSubKindCon\` kc2@ checks that @kc1@ <: @kc2@ isSubKindCon kc1 kc2 | isLiftedTypeKindCon kc1 && isLiftedTypeKindCon kc2 = True | isUnliftedTypeKindCon kc1 && isUnliftedTypeKindCon kc2 = True @@ -1551,8 +1784,9 @@ isSubKindCon kc1 kc2 | otherwise = False defaultKind :: Kind -> Kind --- Used when generalising: default kind '?' and '??' to '*' --- +-- ^ Used when generalising: default kind ? and ?? to *. See "Type#kind_subtyping" for more +-- information on what that means + -- When we generalise, we make generic type variables whose kind is -- simple (* or *->* etc). So generic type variables (other than -- built-in constants like 'error') always have simple kinds. This is important; @@ -1571,5 +1805,5 @@ defaultKind k isEqPred :: PredType -> Bool isEqPred (EqPred _ _) = True -isEqPred other = False +isEqPred _ = False \end{code}