Refactoring and reorganisation of the scheduler

Refactoring and reorganisation of the scheduler

Change the way we look for work in the scheduler.  Previously,
checking to see whether there was anything to do was a
non-side-effecting operation, but this has changed now that we do
work-stealing.  This lead to a refactoring of the inner loop of the
scheduler.

Also, lots of cleanup in the new work-stealing code, but no functional
changes.

One new statistic is added to the +RTS -s output:

  SPARKS: 1430 (2 converted, 1427 pruned)

lets you know something about the use of `par` in the program.