$(runtime_classes:%=org/ibex/nestedvm/%.class) \
org/ibex/nestedvm/Runtime\$$*.class \
org/ibex/nestedvm/util/Seekable\$$*.class
-
+
.manifest:
echo -ne "Manifest-Version: 1.0\nMain-Class: org.ibex.nestedvm.RuntimeCompiler\n" > $@
s/ *# *define \([A-Z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*\) \([0-9][0-9x]*\)/ public static final int \1 = \2;/p'; \
echo "}"; \
) > src/org/ibex/nestedvm/UsermodeConstants.java
-
+
#
# Tests
# These are simply here for convenience. They aren't required
Paranoia_LDFLAGS = -lm
paranoiatest: build/tests/Paranoia.class
$(JAVA) -cp build tests.Paranoia
-
+
#
# Freetype Stuff
#
build/tests/BusyBox.mips: $(mips_objects) $(tasks)/build_busybox
@mkdir -p `dirname $@`
cp upstream/build/busybox/busybox $@
-
+
busyboxtest: build/tests/BusyBox.class
$(JAVA) -cp $(classpath) tests.BusyBox ash
@true
+charts := $(shell find doc/charts -name \*.dat)
+
# IVME Paper
-doc/nestedvm.ivme04.pdf: doc/nestedvm.ivme04.tex doc/acmconf.cls
- cd doc; pdflatex nestedvm.ivme04.tex && ./pst2pdf && pdflatex nestedvm.ivme04.tex
+doc/charts/%.pdf: doc/charts/%.dat doc/charts/%.gnuplot
+ cd doc/charts; gnuplot $*.gnuplot
+ cd doc/charts; chmod +x boxfill.pl; ./boxfill.pl -g -o unfilled.eps $*.eps
+ cd doc/charts; ps2pdf $*.eps
+
+doc/ivme04.pdf: doc/ivme04.tex doc/acmconf.cls $(charts:%.dat=%.pdf)
+ cd doc; pdflatex ivme04.tex && ./pst2pdf && pdflatex ivme04.tex
-pdf: doc/nestedvm.ivme04.pdf
- open doc/nestedvm.ivme04.pdf
+pdf: doc/ivme04.pdf
+ open doc/ivme04.pdf
--- /dev/null
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w
+
+# Copyright 2001, Felix Ritter (Felix.Ritter@gmx.de)
+#
+# Original script (color mode) Copyright 2000,
+# Andreas Widmann (widmann@rz.uni-leipzig.de)
+#
+# This script is free software; permission to use, copy, modify, and
+# distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose without
+# fee is hereby granted, provided that both the above copyright notice
+# and this permission notice appear in all copies and in supporting
+# documentation.
+#
+# This software is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty
+# of any kind.
+
+#introstuff
+sub usage_info() {
+ print "gnuplot-boxfill.pl\n";
+ print " fills (and outlines) boxes in gnuplot 3.7.1 postscript files\n";
+ print "usage:\n";
+ print " gnuplot-boxfill.pl [-c | -g | -p] [-o] [-r] [-z] <ps_in> <ps_out>\n";
+ print "options:\n";
+ print " -c color fill (default)\n";
+ print " -g gray fill\n";
+ print " -p pattern fill\n";
+ print " -o draw outline\n";
+ print " -r remove \"currentpoint stroke M\" (experimental!)\n";
+ print " -z outline zero height boxes (experimental!)\n";
+ print "arguments:\n";
+ print " <ps_in> postscript input file\n";
+ print " <ps_out> postscript output file\n";
+}
+if ($#ARGV < 1) {
+ &usage_info();
+ exit(0);
+}
+
+$prolog = '/graymode true def
+
+/BfDict 400 dict def
+
+/dpiranges [ 2540 2400 1693 1270 1200 635 600 0 ] def
+/PatFreq [ 10.5833 10.0 9.4055 10.5833 10.0 10.5833 10.0 9.375 ] def
+
+/dpi 72 0 matrix defaultmatrix dtransform dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt def
+
+/screenIndex {
+ 0 1 dpiranges length 1 sub { dup dpiranges exch get 1 sub dpi le {exit} {pop} ifelse } for
+} bind def
+
+/CurColors [ 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1] def
+
+/RealSetgray /setgray load def
+/RealSetrgbcolor /setrgbcolor load def
+/RealSetcmykcolor {
+ 4 1 roll
+ 3 { 3 index add 0 max 1 min 1 exch sub 3 1 roll} repeat
+ RealSetrgbcolor pop
+} bind def
+
+/tintCMYK {
+ 1 tintGray sub CurColors 0 4 getinterval aload pop
+ 4 index mul 5 1 roll
+ 3 index mul 5 1 roll
+ 2 index mul 5 1 roll
+ mul 4 1 roll
+}bind def
+/tintRGB {
+ 1 tintGray sub CurColors 4 3 getinterval aload pop
+ 1 exch sub 3 index mul 1 exch sub 4 1 roll
+ 1 exch sub 2 index mul 1 exch sub 4 1 roll
+ 1 exch sub mul 1 exch sub 3 1 roll
+}bind def
+/combineColor {
+ /tintGray 1 1 CurGray sub CurColors 7 get mul sub def
+ graymode not {
+ [/Pattern [/DeviceCMYK]] setcolorspace
+ tintCMYK CurPat setcolor
+ } {
+ CurColors 3 get 1.0 ge {
+ tintGray RealSetgray
+ } {
+ graymode {
+ tintCMYK
+ RealSetcmykcolor
+ } {
+ tintRGB
+ RealSetrgbcolor
+ } ifelse
+ } ifelse
+ } ifelse
+} bind def
+
+/patProcDict 5 dict dup begin
+ <0f1e3c78f0e1c387> { 3 setlinewidth -1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke
+ 4 -4 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke
+ -4 4 moveto 4 12 lineto stroke} bind def
+ <0f87c3e1f0783c1e> { 3 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke
+ -4 4 moveto 4 -4 lineto stroke
+ 4 12 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke} bind def
+ <8142241818244281> { 1 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke
+ -1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke } bind def
+ <03060c183060c081> { 1 setlinewidth -1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke
+ 4 -4 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke
+ -4 4 moveto 4 12 lineto stroke} bind def
+ <8040201008040201> { 1 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke
+ -4 4 moveto 4 -4 lineto stroke
+ 4 12 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke} bind def
+end def
+/patDict 15 dict dup begin
+ /PatternType 1 def
+ /PaintType 2 def
+ /TilingType 3 def
+ /BBox [ 0 0 8 8 ] def
+ /XStep 8 def
+ /YStep 8 def
+ /PaintProc {
+ begin
+ patProcDict bstring known {
+ patProcDict bstring get exec
+ } {
+ 8 8 true [1 0 0 -1 0 8] bstring imagemask
+ } ifelse
+ end
+ } bind def
+end def
+
+/setPatternMode {
+ pop pop
+ dup patCache exch known {
+ patCache exch get
+ } {
+ dup
+ patDict /bstring 3 -1 roll put
+ patDict
+ 65 PatFreq screenIndex get div dup matrix scale
+ makepattern
+ dup
+ patCache 4 -1 roll 3 -1 roll put
+ } ifelse
+ /CurGray 0 def
+ /CurPat exch def
+ /graymode false def
+ combineColor
+} bind def
+/setGrayScaleMode {
+ graymode not {
+ /graymode true def
+ } if
+ /CurGray exch def
+ combineColor
+} bind def
+
+BfDict begin [
+ /fillvals
+] { 0 def } forall
+
+/SetPattern {
+ fillvals exch get
+ dup type /stringtype eq
+ {8 1 setPatternMode}
+ {setGrayScaleMode}
+ ifelse
+ } bind def
+
+/InitPattern {
+ BfDict begin dup
+ array /fillvals exch def
+ dict /patCache exch def
+ end
+ } def
+/DefPattern {
+ BfDict begin
+ fillvals 3 1 roll put
+ end
+ } def
+
+7 InitPattern
+0 <03060c183060c081> DefPattern
+1 <8040201008040201> DefPattern
+2 <0f1e3c78f0e1c387> DefPattern
+3 <0f87c3e1f0783c1e> DefPattern
+4 <8142241818244281> DefPattern
+5 <111111ff111111ff> DefPattern
+6 0 DefPattern';
+
+$outlinestyle = 'LTb';
+if(grep(/^-o$/, @ARGV) == 1) { $outline = "\ngsave\ncurrentpoint $outlinestyle M redo stroke\ngrestore" }
+else { $outline = '' }
+
+#read input file
+open(IN, $ARGV[$#ARGV - 1]) || die "Cannot open $ARGV[$#ARGV - 1]\n";
+$content = join('', <IN>);
+close(IN);
+
+#search patterns
+$key = '(-*\d+ -*\d+ M\n)(-*\d+)( -*\d+ V\n)(-*\d+ -*\d+ [RM]\n-*\d+ -*\d+ V\n-*\d+ -*\d+ V\n-*\d+ -*\d+ V\n-*\d+ -*\d+ V\n)';
+#$key = '(-*\d+ -*\d+ M\n)(-*\d+)( -*\d+ V\n)(-*\d+ -*\d+ [RM]\n-*\d+ -*\d+ V\n-*\d+ -*\d+ V\n)'; #experimental
+$box = '(?<!LTb)(\n-*\d+ -*\d+ [RM]\n)(-*\d+ -*\d+ V\n-*\d+ -*\d+ V\n-*\d+ -*\d+ V\n-*\d+ -*\d+ V)';
+#$box = '(?<!LTb)(\n-*\d+ -*\d+ [RM]\n)(-*\d+ -*\d+ V\n-*\d+ -*\d+ V\n-*\d+ -*\d+ [LV]\n-*\d+ -*\d+ V)'; #experimental
+$endComments = '(%%EndComments[ \t]*\n)';
+$sftextcmd = '(/[LRC]show *{)(.*\n.*)(}.*def)';
+$mftextcmd = '(/MFshow *{.*\n.*\n.*{)(show)(}.*\n.*} *bind *def)';
+$ltTable = '(/LT)([0-8])( { PL \[.*\] ).* DL( } def)';
+$bfDLPlace = '(/DL { Color)';
+
+#substitute comments
+$content =~ s/(%%Title: ).*$/$1$ARGV[$#ARGV]/m;
+$content =~ s/(%%Creator: ).*$/$1gnuplot-boxfill.pl/m;
+$content =~ s/(%%CreationDate: ).*$/$1.localtime()/em;
+
+#remove "currentpoint stroke M"
+if(grep(/^-r$/, @ARGV) == 1) { $content =~ s/\ncurrentpoint stroke M\n/\n/g }
+
+if(grep(/^-g$/, @ARGV) == 1) {
+ #modify colors
+ $content =~ s/$bfDLPlace/\/BfDL { Color {8 exch sub 4 div 1 sub 0.15 sub setgray Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash }\n {pop Solid {pop []} if 0 setdash} ifelse } def\n$1/;
+ $content =~ s/$ltTable/$1$2$3$2 BfDL$4/g;
+
+ #substitute boxplot commands
+ $content =~ s/$key/$1gsave\n\/redo \{0 vpt 1.25 div V $2 0 V 0 vpt 1.75 mul neg V $2 neg 0 V closepath\} bind def\ncurrentpoint M redo fill\ngrestore$outline\n$2 0 R\n$4/g;
+ $content =~ s/$box/$1gsave\n\/redo\{$2\} bind def\ncurrentpoint M redo fill\ngrestore$outline/g;
+
+ #modify text output commands
+ $content =~ s/$sftextcmd/$1gsave 0 setgray\n$2grestore\n$3/g;
+ $content =~ s/$mftextcmd/$1gsave 0 setgray $2 grestore$3/g;
+}
+elsif(grep(/^-p$/, @ARGV) == 1) {
+ #add postscript macros
+ $content =~ s/$endComments/$1$prolog\n/;
+
+ #modify colors
+ $content =~ s/$ltTable/$1$2$3$2 SetPattern$4/g;
+
+ #substitute boxplot commands
+ $content =~ s/$key/$1gsave\n\/redo \{0 vpt 1.25 div V $2 0 V 0 vpt 1.75 mul neg V $2 neg 0 V closepath\} bind def\ncurrentpoint currentpoint M redo gsave 1 setgray fill grestore M redo fill\ngrestore$outline\n$2 0 R\n$4/g;
+ $content =~ s/$box/$1gsave\n\/redo\{$2\} bind def\ncurrentpoint currentpoint M redo gsave 1 setgray fill grestore M redo fill\ngrestore$outline/g;
+
+ #modify text output commands
+ $content =~ s/$sftextcmd/$1gsave 0 setgray\n$2grestore\n$3/g;
+ $content =~ s/$mftextcmd/$1gsave 0 setgray $2 grestore$3/g;
+}
+else {
+ #substitute boxplot commands
+ $content =~ s/$key/$1gsave\n\/redo \{0 vpt 1.25 div V $2 0 V 0 vpt 1.75 mul neg V $2 neg 0 V closepath\} bind def\ncurrentpoint M redo fill\ngrestore$outline\n$2 0 R\n$4/g;
+ $content =~ s/$box/$1gsave\n\/redo\{$2\} bind def\ncurrentpoint M redo fill\ngrestore$outline/g;
+}
+
+#outline zero height boxes
+if(grep(/^-z$/, @ARGV) == 1) {
+ $boxshort = '(?<!LTb)(\n-*\d+ -*\d+ [RM]\n)(-*\d+ -*\d+ V\n-*\d+ -*\d+ V)(?!\n.*V\n)';
+ $content =~ s/$boxshort/$1gsave\n\/redo\{$2\} bind def\ncurrentpoint stroke M redo fill\ngrestore$outline/g;
+}
+
+#write to output file
+open(OUT, ">$ARGV[$#ARGV]") || die "Cannot open $ARGV[$#ARGV]\n";
+print OUT "$content";
+close(OUT);
\maketitle
+{\it This document was typeset using D. E. Knuth's original \TeX 89
+ Pascal source code, which was both compiled and executed entirely
+ within a Java Virtual Machine. No native code was utilized.}
+
\begin{abstract}
Most existing techniques for using code written in an unsafe language
within a safe virtual machine involve transformations from one source
-code language (such as C) to another (such as Java) and then to
-virtual machine bytecodes. We present an alternative approach which
-uses a standard compiler to turn unsafe source code into unsafe MIPS
-binaries, which are then translated into safe virtual machine
-bytecodes. This approach offers four key advantages over existing
-techniques:
+code language (such as C, Pascal, or Fortran) to another (such as
+Java) and then to virtual machine bytecodes. We present an
+alternative approach which can translate MIPS binaries produced by any
+compiler into safe virtual machine bytecodes. This approach offers
+four key advantages over existing techniques:
\begin{itemize}
-\item Total coverage of all language features
+\item Language-agnostic
+\item Bug-for-bug compiler compatability
\item No post-translation human intervention
\item No build process modifications
-\item Bug-for-bug compiler compatability
\end{itemize}
-We have implemented this technique in NestedVM, a binary-to-source and
-binary-to-binary translator targeting the Java Virtual Machine.
-NestedVM-translated versions of the {\tt libfreetype}, {\tt libjpeg},
-and {\tt libmspack} libraries are currently in production use.
+We also present NestedVM, a complete implementation of this technique,
+which we have used to translate a number of programs. Six examples
+are discussed in this paper: LINPACK (Fortran source), which was used
+as one of our performance tests, \TeX (Pascal source), which was used
+to typeset this document, {\tt libjpeg}, {\tt libmspack}, and FreeType
+(all C source), which are currently in production use as part of the
+Ibex Project, and {\tt gcc}, which was used to compile all of the
+aforementioned.
+
Performance measurements indicate a best case performance within 3x of
native code and worst case typically within 10x, making it an
attractive solution for code which is not performance-critical.
registers to 32 {\tt int} fields turned out to be optimal.
-\epsfig{file=chart1,width=3in}
+\epsfig{file=charts/chart1,width=3in}
Unfortunately, Java imposes a 64kb limit on the size of the bytecode
for a single method. This presents a problem for NestedVM, and
projects / nestedvm.git / commitdiff