2 % (c) The GRASP/AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 1993-1998
4 \section[WorkWrap]{Worker/wrapper-generating back-end of strictness analyser}
7 module WorkWrap ( wwTopBinds, mkWrapper ) where
10 import CoreUnfold ( certainlyWillInline, mkInlineUnfolding, mkWwInlineRule )
11 import CoreUtils ( exprType, exprIsHNF )
12 import CoreArity ( exprArity )
20 import VarEnv ( isEmptyVarEnv )
21 import Maybes ( orElse )
23 import Util ( lengthIs, notNull )
27 #include "HsVersions.h"
30 We take Core bindings whose binders have:
34 \item Strictness attached (by the front-end of the strictness
37 \item Constructed Product Result information attached by the CPR
42 and we return some ``plain'' bindings which have been
43 worker/wrapper-ified, meaning:
47 \item Functions have been split into workers and wrappers where
48 appropriate. If a function has both strictness and CPR properties
49 then only one worker/wrapper doing both transformations is produced;
51 \item Binders' @IdInfos@ have been updated to reflect the existence of
52 these workers/wrappers (this is where we get STRICTNESS and CPR pragma
53 info for exported values).
57 wwTopBinds :: UniqSupply -> [CoreBind] -> [CoreBind]
59 wwTopBinds us top_binds
61 top_binds' <- mapM wwBind top_binds
62 return (concat top_binds')
65 %************************************************************************
67 \subsection[wwBind-wwExpr]{@wwBind@ and @wwExpr@}
69 %************************************************************************
71 @wwBind@ works on a binding, trying each \tr{(binder, expr)} pair in
72 turn. Non-recursive case first, then recursive...
76 -> UniqSM [CoreBind] -- returns a WwBinding intermediate form;
77 -- the caller will convert to Expr/Binding,
80 wwBind (NonRec binder rhs) = do
82 new_pairs <- tryWW NonRecursive binder new_rhs
83 return [NonRec b e | (b,e) <- new_pairs]
84 -- Generated bindings must be non-recursive
85 -- because the original binding was.
88 = return . Rec <$> concatMapM do_one pairs
90 do_one (binder, rhs) = do new_rhs <- wwExpr rhs
91 tryWW Recursive binder new_rhs
94 @wwExpr@ basically just walks the tree, looking for appropriate
95 annotations that can be used. Remember it is @wwBind@ that does the
96 matching by looking for strict arguments of the correct type.
97 @wwExpr@ is a version that just returns the ``Plain'' Tree.
100 wwExpr :: CoreExpr -> UniqSM CoreExpr
102 wwExpr e@(Type {}) = return e
103 wwExpr e@(Lit {}) = return e
104 wwExpr e@(Var {}) = return e
106 wwExpr (Lam binder expr)
107 = Lam binder <$> wwExpr expr
110 = App <$> wwExpr f <*> wwExpr a
112 wwExpr (Note note expr)
113 = Note note <$> wwExpr expr
115 wwExpr (Cast expr co) = do
116 new_expr <- wwExpr expr
117 return (Cast new_expr co)
119 wwExpr (Let bind expr)
120 = mkLets <$> wwBind bind <*> wwExpr expr
122 wwExpr (Case expr binder ty alts) = do
123 new_expr <- wwExpr expr
124 new_alts <- mapM ww_alt alts
125 return (Case new_expr binder ty new_alts)
127 ww_alt (con, binders, rhs) = do
128 new_rhs <- wwExpr rhs
129 return (con, binders, new_rhs)
132 %************************************************************************
134 \subsection[tryWW]{@tryWW@: attempt a worker/wrapper pair}
136 %************************************************************************
138 @tryWW@ just accumulates arguments, converts strictness info from the
139 front-end into the proper form, then calls @mkWwBodies@ to do
142 The only reason this is monadised is for the unique supply.
144 Note [Don't w/w inline things (a)]
145 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
147 It's very important to refrain from w/w-ing an INLINE function (ie one
148 with an InlineRule) because the wrapper will then overwrite the
149 InlineRule unfolding.
151 Furthermore, if the programmer has marked something as INLINE,
152 we may lose by w/w'ing it.
154 If the strictness analyser is run twice, this test also prevents
155 wrappers (which are INLINEd) from being re-done. (You can end up with
156 several liked-named Ids bouncing around at the same time---absolute
159 Notice that we refrain from w/w'ing an INLINE function even if it is
160 in a recursive group. It might not be the loop breaker. (We could
161 test for loop-breaker-hood, but I'm not sure that ever matters.)
163 Note [Don't w/w inline things (b)]
164 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
165 In general, we refrain from w/w-ing *small* functions, because they'll
166 inline anyway. But we must take care: it may look small now, but get
167 to be big later after other inling has happened. So we take the
168 precaution of adding an INLINE pragma to any such functions.
170 I made this change when I observed a big function at the end of
171 compilation with a useful strictness signature but no w-w. When
172 I measured it on nofib, it didn't make much difference; just a few
173 percent improved allocation on one benchmark (bspt/Euclid.space).
174 But nothing got worse.
176 Note [Don't w/w INLINABLE things]
177 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
181 then in principle we might get a more efficient loop by w/w'ing f.
182 But that would make a new unfolding which would overwrite the old
183 one. So we leave INLINABLE things alone too.
185 This is a slight infelicity really, because it means that adding
186 an INLINABLE pragma could make a program a bit less efficient,
187 because you lose the worker/wrapper stuff. But I don't see a way
190 Note [Wrapper activation]
191 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
192 When should the wrapper inlining be active? It must not be active
193 earlier than the current Activation of the Id (eg it might have a
194 NOINLINE pragma). But in fact strictness analysis happens fairly
195 late in the pipeline, and we want to prioritise specialisations over
196 strictness. Eg if we have
198 f :: Num a => a -> Int -> a
199 f n 0 = n -- Strict in the Int, hence wrapper
200 f n x = f (n+n) (x-1)
203 g x = f x x -- Provokes a specialisation for f
211 Then we want the specialisation for 'f' to kick in before the wrapper does.
213 Now in fact the 'gentle' simplification pass encourages this, by
214 having rules on, but inlinings off. But that's kind of lucky. It seems
215 more robust to give the wrapper an Activation of (ActiveAfter 0),
216 so that it becomes active in an importing module at the same time that
217 it appears in the first place in the defining module.
221 -> Id -- The fn binder
222 -> CoreExpr -- The bound rhs; its innards
224 -> UniqSM [(Id, CoreExpr)] -- either *one* or *two* pairs;
225 -- if one, then no worker (only
226 -- the orig "wrapper" lives on);
227 -- if two, then a worker and a
229 tryWW is_rec fn_id rhs
230 | isNeverActive inline_act
231 -- No point in worker/wrappering if the thing is never inlined!
232 -- Because the no-inline prag will prevent the wrapper ever
233 -- being inlined at a call site.
235 -- Furthermore, don't even expose strictness info
236 = return [ (fn_id, rhs) ]
238 | is_thunk && worthSplittingThunk maybe_fn_dmd res_info
239 -- See Note [Thunk splitting]
240 = ASSERT2( isNonRec is_rec, ppr new_fn_id ) -- The thunk must be non-recursive
241 checkSize new_fn_id rhs $
242 splitThunk new_fn_id rhs
244 | is_fun && worthSplittingFun wrap_dmds res_info
245 = checkSize new_fn_id rhs $
246 splitFun new_fn_id fn_info wrap_dmds res_info rhs
249 = return [ (new_fn_id, rhs) ]
252 fn_info = idInfo fn_id
253 maybe_fn_dmd = demandInfo fn_info
254 inline_act = inlinePragmaActivation (inlinePragInfo fn_info)
256 -- In practice it always will have a strictness
257 -- signature, even if it's a uninformative one
258 strict_sig = strictnessInfo fn_info `orElse` topSig
259 StrictSig (DmdType env wrap_dmds res_info) = strict_sig
261 -- new_fn_id has the DmdEnv zapped.
262 -- (a) it is never used again
263 -- (b) it wastes space
264 -- (c) it becomes incorrect as things are cloned, because
265 -- we don't push the substitution into it
266 new_fn_id | isEmptyVarEnv env = fn_id
267 | otherwise = fn_id `setIdStrictness`
268 StrictSig (mkTopDmdType wrap_dmds res_info)
270 is_fun = notNull wrap_dmds
271 is_thunk = not is_fun && not (exprIsHNF rhs)
273 ---------------------
274 checkSize :: Id -> CoreExpr
275 -> UniqSM [(Id,CoreExpr)] -> UniqSM [(Id,CoreExpr)]
276 -- See Note [Don't w/w inline things (a) and (b)]
277 -- and Note [Don't w/w INLINABLE things]
278 checkSize fn_id rhs thing_inside
279 | isStableUnfolding unfolding -- For DFuns and INLINE things, leave their
280 = return [ (fn_id, rhs) ] -- unfolding unchanged; but still attach
281 -- strictness info to the Id
283 | certainlyWillInline unfolding
284 = return [ (fn_id `setIdUnfolding` inline_rule, rhs) ]
285 -- Note [Don't w/w inline things (b)]
287 | otherwise = thing_inside
289 unfolding = realIdUnfolding fn_id -- We want to see the unfolding
290 -- for loop breakers!
291 inline_rule = mkInlineUnfolding Nothing rhs
293 ---------------------
294 splitFun :: Id -> IdInfo -> [Demand] -> DmdResult -> Expr Var
295 -> UniqSM [(Id, CoreExpr)]
296 splitFun fn_id fn_info wrap_dmds res_info rhs
297 = WARN( not (wrap_dmds `lengthIs` arity), ppr fn_id <+> (ppr arity $$ ppr wrap_dmds $$ ppr res_info) )
299 -- The arity should match the signature
300 (work_demands, wrap_fn, work_fn) <- mkWwBodies fun_ty wrap_dmds res_info one_shots
301 ; work_uniq <- getUniqueM
303 work_rhs = work_fn rhs
304 work_id = mkWorkerId work_uniq fn_id (exprType work_rhs)
305 `setIdOccInfo` occInfo fn_info
306 -- Copy over occurrence info from parent
307 -- Notably whether it's a loop breaker
308 -- Doesn't matter much, since we will simplify next, but
309 -- seems right-er to do so
311 `setInlineActivation` (inlinePragmaActivation inl_prag)
312 -- Any inline activation (which sets when inlining is active)
313 -- on the original function is duplicated on the worker
314 -- It *matters* that the pragma stays on the wrapper
315 -- It seems sensible to have it on the worker too, although we
316 -- can't think of a compelling reason. (In ptic, INLINE things are
317 -- not w/wd). However, the RuleMatchInfo is not transferred since
318 -- it does not make sense for workers to be constructorlike.
320 `setIdStrictness` StrictSig (mkTopDmdType work_demands work_res_info)
321 -- Even though we may not be at top level,
322 -- it's ok to give it an empty DmdEnv
324 `setIdArity` (exprArity work_rhs)
325 -- Set the arity so that the Core Lint check that the
326 -- arity is consistent with the demand type goes through
328 wrap_rhs = wrap_fn work_id
329 wrap_prag = InlinePragma { inl_inline = Inline
331 , inl_act = ActiveAfter 0
332 , inl_rule = rule_match_info }
333 -- See Note [Wrapper activation]
334 -- The RuleMatchInfo is (and must be) unaffected
335 -- The inl_inline is bound to be False, else we would not be
338 wrap_id = fn_id `setIdUnfolding` mkWwInlineRule work_id wrap_rhs arity
339 `setInlinePragma` wrap_prag
340 `setIdOccInfo` NoOccInfo
341 -- Zap any loop-breaker-ness, to avoid bleating from Lint
342 -- about a loop breaker with an INLINE rule
344 ; return ([(work_id, work_rhs), (wrap_id, wrap_rhs)]) })
345 -- Worker first, because wrapper mentions it
346 -- mkWwBodies has already built a wrap_rhs with an INLINE pragma wrapped around it
348 fun_ty = idType fn_id
349 inl_prag = inlinePragInfo fn_info
350 rule_match_info = inlinePragmaRuleMatchInfo inl_prag
351 arity = arityInfo fn_info
352 -- The arity is set by the simplifier using exprEtaExpandArity
353 -- So it may be more than the number of top-level-visible lambdas
355 work_res_info | isBotRes res_info = BotRes -- Cpr stuff done by wrapper
358 one_shots = get_one_shots rhs
360 -- If the original function has one-shot arguments, it is important to
361 -- make the wrapper and worker have corresponding one-shot arguments too.
362 -- Otherwise we spuriously float stuff out of case-expression join points,
363 -- which is very annoying.
364 get_one_shots :: Expr Var -> [Bool]
365 get_one_shots (Lam b e)
366 | isId b = isOneShotLambda b : get_one_shots e
367 | otherwise = get_one_shots e
368 get_one_shots (Note _ e) = get_one_shots e
369 get_one_shots _ = noOneShotInfo
372 Note [Thunk splitting]
373 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
374 Suppose x is used strictly (never mind whether it has the CPR
381 splitThunk transforms like this:
384 x* = case x-rhs of { I# a -> I# a }
387 Now simplifier will transform to
390 I# a -> let x* = I# a
393 which is what we want. Now suppose x-rhs is itself a case:
395 x-rhs = case e of { T -> I# a; F -> I# b }
397 The join point will abstract over a, rather than over (which is
398 what would have happened before) which is fine.
400 Notice that x certainly has the CPR property now!
402 In fact, splitThunk uses the function argument w/w splitting
403 function, so that if x's demand is deeper (say U(U(L,L),L))
404 then the splitting will go deeper too.
407 -- See Note [Thunk splitting]
408 -- splitThunk converts the *non-recursive* binding
413 -- I# y -> let x = I# y in x }
414 -- See comments above. Is it not beautifully short?
416 splitThunk :: Var -> Expr Var -> UniqSM [(Var, Expr Var)]
417 splitThunk fn_id rhs = do
418 (_, wrap_fn, work_fn) <- mkWWstr [fn_id]
419 return [ (fn_id, Let (NonRec fn_id rhs) (wrap_fn (work_fn (Var fn_id)))) ]
423 %************************************************************************
425 \subsection{Functions over Demands}
427 %************************************************************************
430 worthSplittingFun :: [Demand] -> DmdResult -> Bool
431 -- True <=> the wrapper would not be an identity function
432 worthSplittingFun ds res
433 = any worth_it ds || returnsCPR res
434 -- worthSplitting returns False for an empty list of demands,
435 -- and hence do_strict_ww is False if arity is zero and there is no CPR
436 -- See Note [Worker-wrapper for bottoming functions]
438 worth_it Abs = True -- Absent arg
439 worth_it (Eval (Prod _)) = True -- Product arg to evaluate
442 worthSplittingThunk :: Maybe Demand -- Demand on the thunk
443 -> DmdResult -- CPR info for the thunk
445 worthSplittingThunk maybe_dmd res
446 = worth_it maybe_dmd || returnsCPR res
448 -- Split if the thing is unpacked
449 worth_it (Just (Eval (Prod ds))) = not (all isAbsent ds)
453 Note [Worker-wrapper for bottoming functions]
454 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
455 We used not to split if the result is bottom.
456 [Justification: there's no efficiency to be gained.]
458 But it's sometimes bad not to make a wrapper. Consider
459 fw = \x# -> let x = I# x# in case e of
463 The re-boxing code won't go away unless error_fn gets a wrapper too.
464 [We don't do reboxing now, but in general it's better to pass an
465 unboxed thing to f, and have it reboxed in the error cases....]
468 %************************************************************************
470 \subsection{The worker wrapper core}
472 %************************************************************************
474 @mkWrapper@ is called when importing a function. We have the type of
475 the function and the name of its worker, and we want to make its body (the wrapper).
478 mkWrapper :: Type -- Wrapper type
479 -> StrictSig -- Wrapper strictness info
480 -> UniqSM (Id -> CoreExpr) -- Wrapper body, missing worker Id
482 mkWrapper fun_ty (StrictSig (DmdType _ demands res_info)) = do
483 (_, wrap_fn, _) <- mkWwBodies fun_ty demands res_info noOneShotInfo
486 noOneShotInfo :: [Bool]
487 noOneShotInfo = repeat False