2 % (c) The University of Glasgow 2006
3 % (c) The GRASP/AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 1992-1998
6 Typechecking class declarations
9 module TcClassDcl ( tcClassSigs, tcClassDecl2,
10 findMethodBind, instantiateMethod, tcInstanceMethodBody,
11 mkGenericDefMethBind, getGenericInstances,
12 tcAddDeclCtxt, badMethodErr, badATErr, omittedATWarn
15 #include "HsVersions.h"
22 import TcPat( addInlinePrags )
29 import BuildTyCl( TcMethInfo )
57 Every class implicitly declares a new data type, corresponding to dictionaries
58 of that class. So, for example:
60 class (D a) => C a where
62 op2 :: forall b. Ord b => a -> b -> b
64 would implicitly declare
66 data CDict a = CDict (D a)
68 (forall b. Ord b => a -> b -> b)
70 (We could use a record decl, but that means changing more of the existing apparatus.
73 For classes with just one superclass+method, we use a newtype decl instead:
76 op :: forallb. a -> b -> b
80 newtype CDict a = CDict (forall b. a -> b -> b)
82 Now DictTy in Type is just a form of type synomym:
83 DictTy c t = TyConTy CDict `AppTy` t
85 Death to "ExpandingDicts".
88 %************************************************************************
90 Type-checking the class op signatures
92 %************************************************************************
95 tcClassSigs :: Name -- Name of the class
98 -> TcM [TcMethInfo] -- One for each method
100 tcClassSigs clas sigs def_methods
101 = do { -- Check that all def_methods are in the class
102 ; op_info <- mapM (addLocM tc_sig) [sig | sig@(L _ (TypeSig _ _)) <- sigs]
103 ; let op_names = [ n | (n,_,_) <- op_info ]
105 ; sequence_ [ failWithTc (badMethodErr clas n)
106 | n <- dm_bind_names, not (n `elem` op_names) ]
107 -- Value binding for non class-method (ie no TypeSig)
109 ; sequence_ [ failWithTc (badGenericMethod clas n)
110 | n <- genop_names, not (n `elem` dm_bind_names) ]
111 -- Generic signature without value binding
115 dm_bind_names :: [Name] -- These ones have a value binding in the class decl
116 dm_bind_names = [op | L _ (FunBind {fun_id = L _ op}) <- bagToList def_methods]
118 genop_names :: [Name] -- These ones have a generic signature
119 genop_names = [n | L _ (GenericSig (L _ n) _) <- sigs]
121 tc_sig (TypeSig (L _ op_name) op_hs_ty)
122 = do { op_ty <- tcHsKindedType op_hs_ty -- Class tyvars already in scope
123 ; let dm | op_name `elem` genop_names = GenericDM
124 | op_name `elem` dm_bind_names = VanillaDM
126 ; return (op_name, dm, op_ty) }
127 tc_sig sig = pprPanic "tc_cls_sig" (ppr sig)
131 %************************************************************************
135 %************************************************************************
138 tcClassDecl2 :: LTyClDecl Name -- The class declaration
141 tcClassDecl2 (L loc (ClassDecl {tcdLName = class_name, tcdSigs = sigs,
142 tcdMeths = default_binds}))
143 = recoverM (return emptyLHsBinds) $
145 do { clas <- tcLookupLocatedClass class_name
147 -- We make a separate binding for each default method.
148 -- At one time I used a single AbsBinds for all of them, thus
149 -- AbsBind [d] [dm1, dm2, dm3] { dm1 = ...; dm2 = ...; dm3 = ... }
150 -- But that desugars into
151 -- ds = \d -> (..., ..., ...)
152 -- dm1 = \d -> case ds d of (a,b,c) -> a
153 -- And since ds is big, it doesn't get inlined, so we don't get good
154 -- default methods. Better to make separate AbsBinds for each
156 (tyvars, _, _, op_items) = classBigSig clas
157 prag_fn = mkPragFun sigs default_binds
158 sig_fn = mkSigFun sigs
159 clas_tyvars = tcSuperSkolTyVars tyvars
160 pred = mkClassPred clas (mkTyVarTys clas_tyvars)
161 ; this_dict <- newEvVar pred
163 ; traceTc "TIM2" (ppr sigs)
164 ; let tc_dm = tcDefMeth clas clas_tyvars
165 this_dict default_binds sigs
168 ; dm_binds <- tcExtendTyVarEnv clas_tyvars $
171 ; return (unionManyBags dm_binds) }
173 tcClassDecl2 d = pprPanic "tcClassDecl2" (ppr d)
175 tcDefMeth :: Class -> [TyVar] -> EvVar -> LHsBinds Name -> [LSig Name]
176 -> SigFun -> PragFun -> ClassOpItem
177 -> TcM (LHsBinds TcId)
178 -- Generate code for polymorphic default methods only (hence DefMeth)
179 -- (Generic default methods have turned into instance decls by now.)
180 -- This is incompatible with Hugs, which expects a polymorphic
181 -- default method for every class op, regardless of whether or not
182 -- the programmer supplied an explicit default decl for the class.
183 -- (If necessary we can fix that, but we don't have a convenient Id to hand.)
184 tcDefMeth clas tyvars this_dict binds_in sigs sig_fn prag_fn (sel_id, dm_info)
186 NoDefMeth -> return emptyBag
187 DefMeth dm_name -> tc_dm dm_name (instantiateMethod clas sel_id (mkTyVarTys tyvars))
188 GenDefMeth dm_name -> do { tau <- tc_genop_ty (findGenericSig sigs sel_name)
189 ; tc_dm dm_name tau }
190 -- In the case of a generic default, we have to get the type from the signature
191 -- Otherwise we can get it by instantiating the method selector
193 sel_name = idName sel_id
195 -- Eg. class C a where
196 -- op :: forall b. Eq b => a -> [b] -> a
198 -- generic gen_op :: D a => a -> a
199 -- The "local_dm_ty" is precisely the type in the above
200 -- type signatures, ie with no "forall a. C a =>" prefix
202 tc_dm dm_name local_dm_ty
203 = do { local_dm_name <- newLocalName sel_name
204 -- Base the local_dm_name on the selector name, because
205 -- type errors from tcInstanceMethodBody come from here
207 ; let meth_bind = findMethodBind sel_name binds_in
208 `orElse` pprPanic "tcDefMeth" (ppr sel_id)
210 dm_sig_fn _ = sig_fn sel_name
211 prags = prag_fn sel_name
213 dm_ty = mkSigmaTy tyvars [mkClassPred clas (mkTyVarTys tyvars)] local_dm_ty
214 dm_id = mkExportedLocalId dm_name dm_ty
215 local_dm_id = mkLocalId local_dm_name local_dm_ty
217 ; dm_id_w_inline <- addInlinePrags dm_id prags
218 ; spec_prags <- tcSpecPrags dm_id prags
220 ; warnTc (not (null spec_prags))
221 (ptext (sLit "Ignoring SPECIALISE pragmas on default method")
222 <+> quotes (ppr sel_name))
224 ; dm_bind <- tcInstanceMethodBody (ClsSkol clas) tyvars [this_dict]
225 dm_id_w_inline local_dm_id dm_sig_fn
226 IsDefaultMethod meth_bind
228 ; return (unitBag dm_bind) }
230 tc_genop_ty :: LHsType Name -> TcM Type
232 = setSrcSpan (getLoc hs_ty) $
233 do { tau <- tcHsKindedType hs_ty
234 ; checkValidType (FunSigCtxt sel_name) tau
237 findGenericSig :: [LSig Name] -> Name -> LHsType Name
238 -- Find the 'generic op :: ty' signature among the sigs
239 -- If dm_info is GenDefMeth, the corresponding signature
240 -- should jolly well exist! Hence the panic
241 findGenericSig sigs sel_name
242 = case [lty | L _ (GenericSig (L _ n) lty) <- sigs
245 _ -> pprPanic "tcDefMeth" (ppr sel_name $$ ppr sigs)
248 tcInstanceMethodBody :: SkolemInfo -> [TcTyVar] -> [EvVar]
250 -> SigFun -> TcSpecPrags -> LHsBind Name
252 tcInstanceMethodBody skol_info tyvars dfun_ev_vars
253 meth_id local_meth_id
256 = do { -- Typecheck the binding, first extending the envt
257 -- so that when tcInstSig looks up the local_meth_id to find
258 -- its signature, we'll find it in the environment
259 let lm_bind = L loc (bind { fun_id = L loc (idName local_meth_id) })
260 -- Substitute the local_meth_name for the binder
261 -- NB: the binding is always a FunBind
262 ; traceTc "TIM" (ppr local_meth_id $$ ppr (meth_sig_fn (idName local_meth_id)))
263 ; (ev_binds, (tc_bind, _))
264 <- checkConstraints skol_info tyvars dfun_ev_vars $
265 tcExtendIdEnv [local_meth_id] $
266 tcPolyBinds TopLevel meth_sig_fn no_prag_fn
267 NonRecursive NonRecursive
270 ; let full_bind = AbsBinds { abs_tvs = tyvars, abs_ev_vars = dfun_ev_vars
271 , abs_exports = [(tyvars, meth_id, local_meth_id, specs)]
272 , abs_ev_binds = ev_binds
273 , abs_binds = tc_bind }
275 ; return (L loc full_bind) }
277 no_prag_fn _ = [] -- No pragmas for local_meth_id;
278 -- they are all for meth_id
282 instantiateMethod :: Class -> Id -> [TcType] -> TcType
283 -- Take a class operation, say
284 -- op :: forall ab. C a => forall c. Ix c => (b,c) -> a
285 -- Instantiate it at [ty1,ty2]
286 -- Return the "local method type":
287 -- forall c. Ix x => (ty2,c) -> ty1
288 instantiateMethod clas sel_id inst_tys
289 = ASSERT( ok_first_pred ) local_meth_ty
291 (sel_tyvars,sel_rho) = tcSplitForAllTys (idType sel_id)
292 rho_ty = ASSERT( length sel_tyvars == length inst_tys )
293 substTyWith sel_tyvars inst_tys sel_rho
295 (first_pred, local_meth_ty) = tcSplitPredFunTy_maybe rho_ty
296 `orElse` pprPanic "tcInstanceMethod" (ppr sel_id)
298 ok_first_pred = case getClassPredTys_maybe first_pred of
299 Just (clas1, _tys) -> clas == clas1
301 -- The first predicate should be of form (C a b)
302 -- where C is the class in question
305 ---------------------------
306 findMethodBind :: Name -- Selector name
307 -> LHsBinds Name -- A group of bindings
308 -> Maybe (LHsBind Name) -- The binding
309 findMethodBind sel_name binds
310 = foldlBag mplus Nothing (mapBag f binds)
312 f bind@(L _ (FunBind { fun_id = L _ op_name }))
313 | op_name == sel_name
318 Note [Polymorphic methods]
319 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
322 op :: forall b. Ord b => a -> b -> b -> b
323 instance Foo c => Foo [c] where
326 When typechecking the binding 'op = e', we'll have a meth_id for op
328 op :: forall c. Foo c => forall b. Ord b => [c] -> b -> b -> b
330 So tcPolyBinds must be capable of dealing with nested polytypes;
331 and so it is. See TcBinds.tcMonoBinds (with type-sig case).
333 Note [Silly default-method bind]
334 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
335 When we pass the default method binding to the type checker, it must
338 otherwise the "$dm" stuff comes out error messages. But we want the
339 "$dm" to come out in the interface file. So we typecheck the former,
340 and wrap it in a let, thus
341 $dmop2 = let op2 = e in op2
342 This makes the error messages right.
345 %************************************************************************
347 Extracting generic instance declaration from class declarations
349 %************************************************************************
351 @getGenericInstances@ extracts the generic instance declarations from a class
352 declaration. For exmaple
357 op{ x+y } (Inl v) = ...
358 op{ x+y } (Inr v) = ...
359 op{ x*y } (v :*: w) = ...
362 gives rise to the instance declarations
364 instance C (x+y) where
368 instance C (x*y) where
375 mkGenericDefMethBind :: Class -> [Type] -> Id -> Name -> TcM (LHsBind Name)
376 mkGenericDefMethBind clas inst_tys sel_id dm_name
377 = -- A generic default method
378 -- If the method is defined generically, we only have to call the
380 do { dflags <- getDOpts
381 ; liftIO (dumpIfSet_dyn dflags Opt_D_dump_deriv "Filling in method body"
382 (vcat [ppr clas <+> ppr inst_tys,
383 nest 2 (ppr sel_id <+> equals <+> ppr rhs)]))
385 ; return (noLoc $ mkFunBind (noLoc (idName sel_id))
386 [mkSimpleMatch [] rhs]) }
388 rhs = nlHsVar dm_name
390 ---------------------------
391 getGenericInstances :: [LTyClDecl Name] -> TcM [InstInfo Name]
392 getGenericInstances class_decls
393 = do { gen_inst_infos <- mapM (addLocM get_generics) class_decls
394 ; let { gen_inst_info = concat gen_inst_infos }
396 -- Return right away if there is no generic stuff
397 ; if null gen_inst_info then return []
400 -- Otherwise print it out
401 { dumpDerivingInfo $ hang (ptext (sLit "Generic instances"))
402 2 (vcat (map pprInstInfoDetails gen_inst_info))
403 ; return gen_inst_info }}
405 get_generics :: TyClDecl Name -> TcM [InstInfo Name]
406 get_generics decl@(ClassDecl {tcdLName = class_name, tcdMeths = def_methods})
408 = return [] -- The comon case: no generic default methods
410 | otherwise -- A source class decl with generic default methods
411 = recoverM (return []) $
412 tcAddDeclCtxt decl $ do
413 clas <- tcLookupLocatedClass class_name
415 -- Group by type, and
416 -- make an InstInfo out of each group
418 groups = groupWith listToBag generic_binds
420 inst_infos <- mapM (mkGenericInstance clas) groups
422 -- Check that there is only one InstInfo for each type constructor
423 -- The main way this can fail is if you write
424 -- f {| a+b |} ... = ...
425 -- f {| x+y |} ... = ...
426 -- Then at this point we'll have an InstInfo for each
428 -- The class should be unary, which is why simpleInstInfoTyCon should be ok
430 tc_inst_infos :: [(TyCon, InstInfo Name)]
431 tc_inst_infos = [(simpleInstInfoTyCon i, i) | i <- inst_infos]
433 bad_groups = [group | group <- equivClassesByUniq get_uniq tc_inst_infos,
434 group `lengthExceeds` 1]
435 get_uniq (tc,_) = getUnique tc
437 mapM_ (addErrTc . dupGenericInsts) bad_groups
439 -- Check that there is an InstInfo for each generic type constructor
441 missing = genericTyConNames `minusList` [tyConName tc | (tc,_) <- tc_inst_infos]
443 checkTc (null missing) (missingGenericInstances missing)
447 generic_binds :: [(HsType Name, LHsBind Name)]
448 generic_binds = getGenericBinds def_methods
449 get_generics decl = pprPanic "get_generics" (ppr decl)
452 ---------------------------------
453 getGenericBinds :: LHsBinds Name -> [(HsType Name, LHsBind Name)]
454 -- Takes a group of method bindings, finds the generic ones, and returns
455 -- them in finite map indexed by the type parameter in the definition.
456 getGenericBinds binds = concat (map getGenericBind (bagToList binds))
458 getGenericBind :: LHsBindLR Name Name -> [(HsType Name, LHsBindLR Name Name)]
459 getGenericBind (L loc bind@(FunBind { fun_matches = MatchGroup matches ty }))
460 = groupWith wrap (mapCatMaybes maybeGenericMatch matches)
462 wrap ms = L loc (bind { fun_matches = MatchGroup ms ty })
466 groupWith :: ([a] -> b) -> [(HsType Name, a)] -> [(HsType Name, b)]
468 groupWith op ((t,v):prs) = (t, op (v:vs)) : groupWith op rest
471 (this,rest) = partition same_t prs
472 same_t (t', _v) = t `eqPatType` t'
474 eqPatLType :: LHsType Name -> LHsType Name -> Bool
475 eqPatLType t1 t2 = unLoc t1 `eqPatType` unLoc t2
477 eqPatType :: HsType Name -> HsType Name -> Bool
478 -- A very simple equality function, only for
479 -- type patterns in generic function definitions.
480 eqPatType (HsTyVar v1) (HsTyVar v2) = v1==v2
481 eqPatType (HsAppTy s1 t1) (HsAppTy s2 t2) = s1 `eqPatLType` s2 && t1 `eqPatLType` t2
482 eqPatType (HsOpTy s1 op1 t1) (HsOpTy s2 op2 t2) = s1 `eqPatLType` s2 && t1 `eqPatLType` t2 && unLoc op1 == unLoc op2
483 eqPatType (HsNumTy n1) (HsNumTy n2) = n1 == n2
484 eqPatType (HsParTy t1) t2 = unLoc t1 `eqPatType` t2
485 eqPatType t1 (HsParTy t2) = t1 `eqPatType` unLoc t2
486 eqPatType _ _ = False
488 ---------------------------------
489 mkGenericInstance :: Class
490 -> (HsType Name, LHsBinds Name)
491 -> TcM (InstInfo Name)
493 mkGenericInstance clas (hs_ty, binds) = do
494 -- Make a generic instance declaration
495 -- For example: instance (C a, C b) => C (a+b) where { binds }
497 -- Extract the universally quantified type variables
498 -- and wrap them as forall'd tyvars, so that kind inference
499 -- works in the standard way
501 sig_tvs = userHsTyVarBndrs $ map noLoc $ nameSetToList $
502 extractHsTyVars (noLoc hs_ty)
503 hs_forall_ty = noLoc $ mkExplicitHsForAllTy sig_tvs (noLoc []) (noLoc hs_ty)
505 -- Type-check the instance type, and check its form
506 forall_inst_ty <- tcHsSigType GenPatCtxt hs_forall_ty
508 (tyvars, inst_ty) = tcSplitForAllTys forall_inst_ty
510 checkTc (validGenericInstanceType inst_ty)
511 (badGenericInstanceType binds)
513 -- Make the dictionary function.
515 overlap_flag <- getOverlapFlag
516 dfun_name <- newDFunName clas [inst_ty] span
518 inst_theta = [mkClassPred clas [mkTyVarTy tv] | tv <- tyvars]
519 dfun_id = mkDictFunId dfun_name tyvars inst_theta clas [inst_ty]
520 ispec = mkLocalInstance dfun_id overlap_flag
522 return (InstInfo { iSpec = ispec, iBinds = VanillaInst binds [] False })
526 %************************************************************************
530 %************************************************************************
533 tcAddDeclCtxt :: TyClDecl Name -> TcM a -> TcM a
534 tcAddDeclCtxt decl thing_inside
535 = addErrCtxt ctxt thing_inside
537 thing | isClassDecl decl = "class"
538 | isTypeDecl decl = "type synonym" ++ maybeInst
539 | isDataDecl decl = if tcdND decl == NewType
540 then "newtype" ++ maybeInst
541 else "data type" ++ maybeInst
542 | isFamilyDecl decl = "family"
543 | otherwise = panic "tcAddDeclCtxt/thing"
545 maybeInst | isFamInstDecl decl = " instance"
548 ctxt = hsep [ptext (sLit "In the"), text thing,
549 ptext (sLit "declaration for"), quotes (ppr (tcdName decl))]
551 badMethodErr :: Outputable a => a -> Name -> SDoc
553 = hsep [ptext (sLit "Class"), quotes (ppr clas),
554 ptext (sLit "does not have a method"), quotes (ppr op)]
556 badGenericMethod :: Outputable a => a -> Name -> SDoc
557 badGenericMethod clas op
558 = hsep [ptext (sLit "Class"), quotes (ppr clas),
559 ptext (sLit "has a generic-default signature without a binding"), quotes (ppr op)]
561 badATErr :: Class -> Name -> SDoc
563 = hsep [ptext (sLit "Class"), quotes (ppr clas),
564 ptext (sLit "does not have an associated type"), quotes (ppr at)]
566 omittedATWarn :: Name -> SDoc
568 = ptext (sLit "No explicit AT declaration for") <+> quotes (ppr at)
570 badGenericInstanceType :: LHsBinds Name -> SDoc
571 badGenericInstanceType binds
572 = vcat [ptext (sLit "Illegal type pattern in the generic bindings"),
575 missingGenericInstances :: [Name] -> SDoc
576 missingGenericInstances missing
577 = ptext (sLit "Missing type patterns for") <+> pprQuotedList missing
579 dupGenericInsts :: [(TyCon, InstInfo a)] -> SDoc
580 dupGenericInsts tc_inst_infos
581 = vcat [ptext (sLit "More than one type pattern for a single generic type constructor:"),
582 nest 2 (vcat (map ppr_inst_ty tc_inst_infos)),
583 ptext (sLit "All the type patterns for a generic type constructor must be identical")
586 ppr_inst_ty (_,inst) = ppr (simpleInstInfoTy inst)