2 % (c) The GRASP/AQUA Project, Glasgow University, 1992-1998
4 \section{Type subsumption and unification}
8 -- Full-blown subsumption
9 tcSubExp, tcFunResTy, tcGen,
10 checkSigTyVars, checkSigTyVarsWrt, bleatEscapedTvs, sigCtxt,
12 -- Various unifications
13 unifyType, unifyTypeList, unifyTheta,
14 unifyKind, unifyKinds, unifyFunKind,
16 preSubType, boxyMatchTypes,
18 --------------------------------
20 tcInfer, subFunTys, unBox, stripBoxyType, withBox,
21 boxyUnify, boxyUnifyList, zapToMonotype,
22 boxySplitListTy, boxySplitTyConApp, boxySplitAppTy,
26 #include "HsVersions.h"
28 import HsSyn ( ExprCoFn(..), idCoercion, isIdCoercion, (<.>),
29 mkCoLams, mkCoTyLams, mkCoApps )
30 import TypeRep ( Type(..), PredType(..) )
32 import TcMType ( lookupTcTyVar, LookupTyVarResult(..),
33 tcInstSkolType, tcInstBoxyTyVar, newKindVar, newMetaTyVar,
34 newBoxyTyVar, newBoxyTyVarTys, readFilledBox,
35 readMetaTyVar, writeMetaTyVar, newFlexiTyVarTy,
36 tcInstSkolTyVars, tcInstTyVar,
37 zonkTcKind, zonkType, zonkTcType, zonkTcTyVarsAndFV,
38 readKindVar, writeKindVar )
39 import TcSimplify ( tcSimplifyCheck )
40 import TcEnv ( tcGetGlobalTyVars, findGlobals )
41 import TcIface ( checkWiredInTyCon )
42 import TcRnMonad -- TcType, amongst others
43 import TcType ( TcKind, TcType, TcTyVar, BoxyTyVar, TcTauType,
44 BoxySigmaType, BoxyRhoType, BoxyType,
45 TcTyVarSet, TcThetaType, TcTyVarDetails(..), BoxInfo(..),
46 SkolemInfo( GenSkol, UnkSkol ), MetaDetails(..), isImmutableTyVar,
47 pprSkolTvBinding, isTauTy, isTauTyCon, isSigmaTy,
48 mkFunTy, mkFunTys, mkTyConApp, isMetaTyVar,
49 tcSplitForAllTys, tcSplitAppTy_maybe, tcSplitFunTys, mkTyVarTys,
50 tcSplitSigmaTy, tyVarsOfType, mkPhiTy, mkTyVarTy, mkPredTy,
51 typeKind, mkForAllTys, mkAppTy, isBoxyTyVar,
52 tcView, exactTyVarsOfType,
53 tidyOpenType, tidyOpenTyVar, tidyOpenTyVars,
54 pprType, tidyKind, tidySkolemTyVar, isSkolemTyVar, isSigTyVar,
55 TvSubst, mkTvSubst, zipTyEnv, zipOpenTvSubst, emptyTvSubst,
57 lookupTyVar, extendTvSubst )
58 import Type ( Kind, SimpleKind, KindVar,
59 openTypeKind, liftedTypeKind, unliftedTypeKind,
60 mkArrowKind, defaultKind,
61 argTypeKind, isLiftedTypeKind, isUnliftedTypeKind,
62 isSubKind, pprKind, splitKindFunTys, isSubKindCon,
63 isOpenTypeKind, isArgTypeKind )
64 import TysPrim ( alphaTy, betaTy )
65 import Inst ( newDictBndrsO, instCall, instToId )
66 import TyCon ( TyCon, tyConArity, tyConTyVars, isSynTyCon )
67 import TysWiredIn ( listTyCon )
68 import Id ( Id, mkSysLocal )
69 import Var ( Var, varName, tyVarKind, isTcTyVar, tcTyVarDetails )
72 import Name ( Name, isSystemName )
73 import ErrUtils ( Message )
74 import Maybes ( expectJust, isNothing )
75 import BasicTypes ( Arity )
76 import UniqSupply ( uniqsFromSupply )
77 import Util ( notNull, equalLength )
82 import TcType ( isBoxyTy, isFlexi )
86 %************************************************************************
88 \subsection{'hole' type variables}
90 %************************************************************************
93 tcInfer :: (BoxyType -> TcM a) -> TcM (a, TcType)
95 = do { box <- newBoxyTyVar openTypeKind
96 ; res <- tc_infer (mkTyVarTy box)
97 ; res_ty <- readFilledBox box -- Guaranteed filled-in by now
98 ; return (res, res_ty) }
102 %************************************************************************
106 %************************************************************************
109 subFunTys :: SDoc -- Somthing like "The function f has 3 arguments"
110 -- or "The abstraction (\x.e) takes 1 argument"
111 -> Arity -- Expected # of args
112 -> BoxyRhoType -- res_ty
113 -> ([BoxySigmaType] -> BoxyRhoType -> TcM a)
115 -- Attempt to decompse res_ty to have enough top-level arrows to
116 -- match the number of patterns in the match group
118 -- If (subFunTys n_args res_ty thing_inside) = (co_fn, res)
119 -- and the inner call to thing_inside passes args: [a1,...,an], b
120 -- then co_fn :: (a1 -> ... -> an -> b) -> res_ty
122 -- Note that it takes a BoxyRho type, and guarantees to return a BoxyRhoType
125 {- Error messages from subFunTys
127 The abstraction `\Just 1 -> ...' has two arguments
128 but its type `Maybe a -> a' has only one
130 The equation(s) for `f' have two arguments
131 but its type `Maybe a -> a' has only one
133 The section `(f 3)' requires 'f' to take two arguments
134 but its type `Int -> Int' has only one
136 The function 'f' is applied to two arguments
137 but its type `Int -> Int' has only one
141 subFunTys error_herald n_pats res_ty thing_inside
142 = loop n_pats [] res_ty
144 -- In 'loop', the parameter 'arg_tys' accumulates
145 -- the arg types so far, in *reverse order*
146 loop n args_so_far res_ty
147 | Just res_ty' <- tcView res_ty = loop n args_so_far res_ty'
149 loop n args_so_far res_ty
150 | isSigmaTy res_ty -- Do this before checking n==0, because we
151 -- guarantee to return a BoxyRhoType, not a BoxySigmaType
152 = do { (gen_fn, (co_fn, res)) <- tcGen res_ty emptyVarSet $ \ res_ty' ->
153 loop n args_so_far res_ty'
154 ; return (gen_fn <.> co_fn, res) }
156 loop 0 args_so_far res_ty
157 = do { res <- thing_inside (reverse args_so_far) res_ty
158 ; return (idCoercion, res) }
160 loop n args_so_far (FunTy arg_ty res_ty)
161 = do { (co_fn, res) <- loop (n-1) (arg_ty:args_so_far) res_ty
162 ; co_fn' <- wrapFunResCoercion [arg_ty] co_fn
163 ; return (co_fn', res) }
165 -- res_ty might have a type variable at the head, such as (a b c),
166 -- in which case we must fill in with (->). Simplest thing to do
167 -- is to use boxyUnify, but we catch failure and generate our own
168 -- error message on failure
169 loop n args_so_far res_ty@(AppTy _ _)
170 = do { [arg_ty',res_ty'] <- newBoxyTyVarTys [argTypeKind, openTypeKind]
171 ; (_, mb_unit) <- tryTcErrs $ boxyUnify res_ty (FunTy arg_ty' res_ty')
172 ; if isNothing mb_unit then bale_out args_so_far
173 else loop n args_so_far (FunTy arg_ty' res_ty') }
175 loop n args_so_far (TyVarTy tv)
176 | not (isImmutableTyVar tv)
177 = do { cts <- readMetaTyVar tv
179 Indirect ty -> loop n args_so_far ty
180 Flexi -> do { (res_ty:arg_tys) <- withMetaTvs tv kinds mk_res_ty
181 ; res <- thing_inside (reverse args_so_far ++ arg_tys) res_ty
182 ; return (idCoercion, res) } }
184 mk_res_ty (res_ty' : arg_tys') = mkFunTys arg_tys' res_ty'
185 mk_res_ty [] = panic "TcUnify.mk_res_ty1"
186 kinds = openTypeKind : take n (repeat argTypeKind)
187 -- Note argTypeKind: the args can have an unboxed type,
188 -- but not an unboxed tuple.
190 loop n args_so_far res_ty = bale_out args_so_far
193 = do { env0 <- tcInitTidyEnv
194 ; res_ty' <- zonkTcType res_ty
195 ; let (env1, res_ty'') = tidyOpenType env0 res_ty'
196 ; failWithTcM (env1, mk_msg res_ty'' (length args_so_far)) }
198 mk_msg res_ty n_actual
199 = error_herald <> comma $$
200 sep [ptext SLIT("but its type") <+> quotes (pprType res_ty),
201 if n_actual == 0 then ptext SLIT("has none")
202 else ptext SLIT("has only") <+> speakN n_actual]
206 ----------------------
207 boxySplitTyConApp :: TyCon -- T :: k1 -> ... -> kn -> *
208 -> BoxyRhoType -- Expected type (T a b c)
209 -> TcM [BoxySigmaType] -- Element types, a b c
210 -- It's used for wired-in tycons, so we call checkWiredInTyCOn
211 -- Precondition: never called with FunTyCon
212 -- Precondition: input type :: *
214 boxySplitTyConApp tc orig_ty
215 = do { checkWiredInTyCon tc
216 ; loop (tyConArity tc) [] orig_ty }
218 loop n_req args_so_far ty
219 | Just ty' <- tcView ty = loop n_req args_so_far ty'
221 loop n_req args_so_far (TyConApp tycon args)
223 = ASSERT( n_req == length args) -- ty::*
224 return (args ++ args_so_far)
226 loop n_req args_so_far (AppTy fun arg)
227 = loop (n_req - 1) (arg:args_so_far) fun
229 loop n_req args_so_far (TyVarTy tv)
230 | not (isImmutableTyVar tv)
231 = do { cts <- readMetaTyVar tv
233 Indirect ty -> loop n_req args_so_far ty
234 Flexi -> do { arg_tys <- withMetaTvs tv arg_kinds mk_res_ty
235 ; return (arg_tys ++ args_so_far) }
238 mk_res_ty arg_tys' = mkTyConApp tc arg_tys'
239 arg_kinds = map tyVarKind (take n_req (tyConTyVars tc))
241 loop _ _ _ = boxySplitFailure (mkTyConApp tc (mkTyVarTys (tyConTyVars tc))) orig_ty
243 ----------------------
244 boxySplitListTy :: BoxyRhoType -> TcM BoxySigmaType -- Special case for lists
245 boxySplitListTy exp_ty = do { [elt_ty] <- boxySplitTyConApp listTyCon exp_ty
249 ----------------------
250 boxySplitAppTy :: BoxyRhoType -- Type to split: m a
251 -> TcM (BoxySigmaType, BoxySigmaType) -- Returns m, a
252 -- Assumes (m: * -> k), where k is the kind of the incoming type
253 -- If the incoming type is boxy, then so are the result types; and vice versa
255 boxySplitAppTy orig_ty
259 | Just ty' <- tcView ty = loop ty'
262 | Just (fun_ty, arg_ty) <- tcSplitAppTy_maybe ty
263 = return (fun_ty, arg_ty)
266 | not (isImmutableTyVar tv)
267 = do { cts <- readMetaTyVar tv
269 Indirect ty -> loop ty
270 Flexi -> do { [fun_ty,arg_ty] <- withMetaTvs tv kinds mk_res_ty
271 ; return (fun_ty, arg_ty) } }
273 mk_res_ty [fun_ty', arg_ty'] = mkAppTy fun_ty' arg_ty'
274 mk_res_ty other = panic "TcUnify.mk_res_ty2"
275 tv_kind = tyVarKind tv
276 kinds = [mkArrowKind liftedTypeKind (defaultKind tv_kind),
278 liftedTypeKind] -- arg type :: *
279 -- The defaultKind is a bit smelly. If you remove it,
280 -- try compiling f x = do { x }
281 -- and you'll get a kind mis-match. It smells, but
282 -- not enough to lose sleep over.
284 loop _ = boxySplitFailure (mkAppTy alphaTy betaTy) orig_ty
287 boxySplitFailure actual_ty expected_ty
288 = unifyMisMatch False False actual_ty expected_ty
289 -- "outer" is False, so we don't pop the context
290 -- which is what we want since we have not pushed one!
294 --------------------------------
295 -- withBoxes: the key utility function
296 --------------------------------
299 withMetaTvs :: TcTyVar -- An unfilled-in, non-skolem, meta type variable
300 -> [Kind] -- Make fresh boxes (with the same BoxTv/TauTv setting as tv)
301 -> ([BoxySigmaType] -> BoxySigmaType)
302 -- Constructs the type to assign
303 -- to the original var
304 -> TcM [BoxySigmaType] -- Return the fresh boxes
306 -- It's entirely possible for the [kind] to be empty.
307 -- For example, when pattern-matching on True,
308 -- we call boxySplitTyConApp passing a boolTyCon
310 -- Invariant: tv is still Flexi
312 withMetaTvs tv kinds mk_res_ty
314 = do { box_tvs <- mapM (newMetaTyVar BoxTv) kinds
315 ; let box_tys = mkTyVarTys box_tvs
316 ; writeMetaTyVar tv (mk_res_ty box_tys)
319 | otherwise -- Non-boxy meta type variable
320 = do { tau_tys <- mapM newFlexiTyVarTy kinds
321 ; writeMetaTyVar tv (mk_res_ty tau_tys) -- Write it *first*
322 -- Sure to be a tau-type
325 withBox :: Kind -> (BoxySigmaType -> TcM a) -> TcM (a, TcType)
326 -- Allocate a *boxy* tyvar
327 withBox kind thing_inside
328 = do { box_tv <- newMetaTyVar BoxTv kind
329 ; res <- thing_inside (mkTyVarTy box_tv)
330 ; ty <- readFilledBox box_tv
335 %************************************************************************
337 Approximate boxy matching
339 %************************************************************************
342 preSubType :: [TcTyVar] -- Quantified type variables
343 -> TcTyVarSet -- Subset of quantified type variables
344 -- see Note [Pre-sub boxy]
345 -> TcType -- The rho-type part; quantified tyvars scopes over this
346 -> BoxySigmaType -- Matching type from the context
347 -> TcM [TcType] -- Types to instantiate the tyvars
348 -- Perform pre-subsumption, and return suitable types
349 -- to instantiate the quantified type varibles:
350 -- info from the pre-subsumption, if there is any
351 -- a boxy type variable otherwise
353 -- Note [Pre-sub boxy]
354 -- The 'btvs' are a subset of 'qtvs'. They are the ones we can
355 -- instantiate to a boxy type variable, because they'll definitely be
356 -- filled in later. This isn't always the case; sometimes we have type
357 -- variables mentioned in the context of the type, but not the body;
358 -- f :: forall a b. C a b => a -> a
359 -- Then we may land up with an unconstrained 'b', so we want to
360 -- instantiate it to a monotype (non-boxy) type variable
362 -- The 'qtvs' that are *neither* fixed by the pre-subsumption, *nor* are in 'btvs',
363 -- are instantiated to TauTv meta variables.
365 preSubType qtvs btvs qty expected_ty
366 = do { tys <- mapM inst_tv qtvs
367 ; traceTc (text "preSubType" <+> (ppr qtvs $$ ppr btvs $$ ppr qty $$ ppr expected_ty $$ ppr pre_subst $$ ppr tys))
370 pre_subst = boxySubMatchType (mkVarSet qtvs) qty expected_ty
372 | Just boxy_ty <- lookupTyVar pre_subst tv = return boxy_ty
373 | tv `elemVarSet` btvs = do { tv' <- tcInstBoxyTyVar tv
374 ; return (mkTyVarTy tv') }
375 | otherwise = do { tv' <- tcInstTyVar tv
376 ; return (mkTyVarTy tv') }
379 :: TcTyVarSet -> TcType -- The "template"; the tyvars are skolems
380 -> BoxyRhoType -- Type to match (note a *Rho* type)
381 -> TvSubst -- Substitution of the [TcTyVar] to BoxySigmaTypes
383 -- boxySubMatchType implements the Pre-subsumption judgement, in Fig 5 of the paper
384 -- "Boxy types: inference for higher rank types and impredicativity"
386 boxySubMatchType tmpl_tvs tmpl_ty boxy_ty
387 = go tmpl_tvs tmpl_ty emptyVarSet boxy_ty
389 go t_tvs t_ty b_tvs b_ty
390 | Just t_ty' <- tcView t_ty = go t_tvs t_ty' b_tvs b_ty
391 | Just b_ty' <- tcView b_ty = go t_tvs t_ty b_tvs b_ty'
393 go t_tvs (TyVarTy _) b_tvs b_ty = emptyTvSubst -- Rule S-ANY; no bindings
394 -- Rule S-ANY covers (a) type variables and (b) boxy types
395 -- in the template. Both look like a TyVarTy.
396 -- See Note [Sub-match] below
398 go t_tvs t_ty b_tvs b_ty
399 | isSigmaTy t_ty, (tvs, _, t_tau) <- tcSplitSigmaTy t_ty
400 = go (t_tvs `delVarSetList` tvs) t_tau b_tvs b_ty -- Rule S-SPEC
401 -- Under a forall on the left, if there is shadowing,
402 -- do not bind! Hence the delVarSetList.
403 | isSigmaTy b_ty, (tvs, _, b_tau) <- tcSplitSigmaTy b_ty
404 = go t_tvs t_ty (extendVarSetList b_tvs tvs) b_tau -- Rule S-SKOL
405 -- Add to the variables we must not bind to
406 -- NB: it's *important* to discard the theta part. Otherwise
407 -- consider (forall a. Eq a => a -> b) ~<~ (Int -> Int -> Bool)
408 -- and end up with a completely bogus binding (b |-> Bool), by lining
409 -- up the (Eq a) with the Int, whereas it should be (b |-> (Int->Bool)).
410 -- This pre-subsumption stuff can return too few bindings, but it
411 -- must *never* return bogus info.
413 go t_tvs (FunTy arg1 res1) b_tvs (FunTy arg2 res2) -- Rule S-FUN
414 = boxy_match t_tvs arg1 b_tvs arg2 (go t_tvs res1 b_tvs res2)
415 -- Match the args, and sub-match the results
417 go t_tvs t_ty b_tvs b_ty = boxy_match t_tvs t_ty b_tvs b_ty emptyTvSubst
418 -- Otherwise defer to boxy matching
419 -- This covers TyConApp, AppTy, PredTy
426 |- head xs : <rhobox>
427 We will do a boxySubMatchType between a ~ <rhobox>
428 But we *don't* want to match [a |-> <rhobox>] because
429 (a) The box should be filled in with a rho-type, but
430 but the returned substitution maps TyVars to boxy
432 (b) In any case, the right final answer might be *either*
433 instantiate 'a' with a rho-type or a sigma type
434 head xs : Int vs head xs : forall b. b->b
435 So the matcher MUST NOT make a choice here. In general, we only
436 bind a template type variable in boxyMatchType, not in boxySubMatchType.
441 :: TcTyVarSet -> [TcType] -- The "template"; the tyvars are skolems
442 -> [BoxySigmaType] -- Type to match
443 -> TvSubst -- Substitution of the [TcTyVar] to BoxySigmaTypes
445 -- boxyMatchTypes implements the Pre-matching judgement, in Fig 5 of the paper
446 -- "Boxy types: inference for higher rank types and impredicativity"
448 -- Find a *boxy* substitution that makes the template look as much
449 -- like the BoxySigmaType as possible.
450 -- It's always ok to return an empty substitution;
451 -- anything more is jam on the pudding
453 -- NB1: This is a pure, non-monadic function.
454 -- It does no unification, and cannot fail
456 -- Precondition: the arg lengths are equal
457 -- Precondition: none of the template type variables appear anywhere in the [BoxySigmaType]
461 boxyMatchTypes tmpl_tvs tmpl_tys boxy_tys
462 = ASSERT( length tmpl_tys == length boxy_tys )
463 boxy_match_s tmpl_tvs tmpl_tys emptyVarSet boxy_tys emptyTvSubst
464 -- ToDo: add error context?
466 boxy_match_s tmpl_tvs [] boxy_tvs [] subst
468 boxy_match_s tmpl_tvs (t_ty:t_tys) boxy_tvs (b_ty:b_tys) subst
469 = boxy_match tmpl_tvs t_ty boxy_tvs b_ty $
470 boxy_match_s tmpl_tvs t_tys boxy_tvs b_tys subst
471 boxy_match_s tmpl_tvs _ boxy_tvs _ subst
472 = panic "boxy_match_s" -- Lengths do not match
476 boxy_match :: TcTyVarSet -> TcType -- Template
477 -> TcTyVarSet -- boxy_tvs: do not bind template tyvars to any of these
478 -> BoxySigmaType -- Match against this type
482 -- The boxy_tvs argument prevents this match:
483 -- [a] forall b. a ~ forall b. b
484 -- We don't want to bind the template variable 'a'
485 -- to the quantified type variable 'b'!
487 boxy_match tmpl_tvs orig_tmpl_ty boxy_tvs orig_boxy_ty subst
488 = go orig_tmpl_ty orig_boxy_ty
491 | Just t_ty' <- tcView t_ty = go t_ty' b_ty
492 | Just b_ty' <- tcView b_ty = go t_ty b_ty'
494 go ty1 ty2 -- C.f. the isSigmaTy case for boxySubMatchType
496 , (tvs1, _, tau1) <- tcSplitSigmaTy ty1
497 , (tvs2, _, tau2) <- tcSplitSigmaTy ty2
498 , equalLength tvs1 tvs2
499 = boxy_match (tmpl_tvs `delVarSetList` tvs1) tau1
500 (boxy_tvs `extendVarSetList` tvs2) tau2 subst
502 go (TyConApp tc1 tys1) (TyConApp tc2 tys2)
503 | tc1 == tc2 = go_s tys1 tys2
505 go (FunTy arg1 res1) (FunTy arg2 res2)
506 = go_s [arg1,res1] [arg2,res2]
509 | Just (s1,t1) <- tcSplitAppTy_maybe t_ty,
510 Just (s2,t2) <- tcSplitAppTy_maybe b_ty,
511 typeKind t2 `isSubKind` typeKind t1 -- Maintain invariant
512 = go_s [s1,t1] [s2,t2]
515 | tv `elemVarSet` tmpl_tvs -- Template type variable in the template
516 , boxy_tvs `disjointVarSet` tyVarsOfType orig_boxy_ty
517 , typeKind b_ty `isSubKind` tyVarKind tv -- See Note [Matching kinds]
518 = extendTvSubst subst tv boxy_ty'
520 = subst -- Ignore others
522 boxy_ty' = case lookupTyVar subst tv of
523 Nothing -> orig_boxy_ty
524 Just ty -> ty `boxyLub` orig_boxy_ty
526 go _ _ = emptyTvSubst -- It's important to *fail* by returning the empty substitution
527 -- Example: Tree a ~ Maybe Int
528 -- We do not want to bind (a |-> Int) in pre-matching, because that can give very
529 -- misleading error messages. An even more confusing case is
530 -- a -> b ~ Maybe Int
531 -- Then we do not want to bind (b |-> Int)! It's always safe to discard bindings
532 -- from this pre-matching phase.
535 go_s tys1 tys2 = boxy_match_s tmpl_tvs tys1 boxy_tvs tys2 subst
538 boxyLub :: BoxySigmaType -> BoxySigmaType -> BoxySigmaType
539 -- Combine boxy information from the two types
540 -- If there is a conflict, return the first
541 boxyLub orig_ty1 orig_ty2
542 = go orig_ty1 orig_ty2
544 go (AppTy f1 a1) (AppTy f2 a2) = AppTy (boxyLub f1 f2) (boxyLub a1 a2)
545 go (FunTy f1 a1) (FunTy f2 a2) = FunTy (boxyLub f1 f2) (boxyLub a1 a2)
546 go (TyConApp tc1 ts1) (TyConApp tc2 ts2)
547 | tc1 == tc2, length ts1 == length ts2
548 = TyConApp tc1 (zipWith boxyLub ts1 ts2)
550 go (TyVarTy tv1) ty2 -- This is the whole point;
551 | isTcTyVar tv1, isBoxyTyVar tv1 -- choose ty2 if ty2 is a box
554 -- Look inside type synonyms, but only if the naive version fails
555 go ty1 ty2 | Just ty1' <- tcView ty1 = go ty1' ty2
556 | Just ty2' <- tcView ty1 = go ty1 ty2'
558 -- For now, we don't look inside ForAlls, PredTys
559 go ty1 ty2 = orig_ty1 -- Default
562 Note [Matching kinds]
563 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
564 The target type might legitimately not be a sub-kind of template.
565 For example, suppose the target is simply a box with an OpenTypeKind,
566 and the template is a type variable with LiftedTypeKind.
567 Then it's ok (because the target type will later be refined).
568 We simply don't bind the template type variable.
570 It might also be that the kind mis-match is an error. For example,
571 suppose we match the template (a -> Int) against (Int# -> Int),
572 where the template type variable 'a' has LiftedTypeKind. This
573 matching function does not fail; it simply doesn't bind the template.
574 Later stuff will fail.
576 %************************************************************************
580 %************************************************************************
582 All the tcSub calls have the form
584 tcSub expected_ty offered_ty
586 offered_ty <= expected_ty
588 That is, that a value of type offered_ty is acceptable in
589 a place expecting a value of type expected_ty.
591 It returns a coercion function
592 co_fn :: offered_ty -> expected_ty
593 which takes an HsExpr of type offered_ty into one of type
598 tcSubExp :: BoxySigmaType -> BoxySigmaType -> TcM ExprCoFn -- Locally used only
599 -- (tcSub act exp) checks that
601 tcSubExp actual_ty expected_ty
602 = -- addErrCtxtM (unifyCtxt actual_ty expected_ty) $
603 -- Adding the error context here leads to some very confusing error
604 -- messages, such as "can't match foarall a. a->a with forall a. a->a"
605 -- So instead I'm adding it when moving from tc_sub to u_tys
606 traceTc (text "tcSubExp" <+> ppr actual_ty <+> ppr expected_ty) >>
607 tc_sub Nothing actual_ty actual_ty False expected_ty expected_ty
609 tcFunResTy :: Name -> BoxySigmaType -> BoxySigmaType -> TcM ExprCoFn -- Locally used only
610 tcFunResTy fun actual_ty expected_ty
611 = traceTc (text "tcFunResTy" <+> ppr actual_ty <+> ppr expected_ty) >>
612 tc_sub (Just fun) actual_ty actual_ty False expected_ty expected_ty
615 tc_sub :: Maybe Name -- Just fun => we're looking at a function result type
616 -> BoxySigmaType -- actual_ty, before expanding synonyms
617 -> BoxySigmaType -- ..and after
618 -> InBox -- True <=> expected_ty is inside a box
619 -> BoxySigmaType -- expected_ty, before
620 -> BoxySigmaType -- ..and after
622 -- The acual_ty is never inside a box
623 -- IMPORTANT pre-condition: if the args contain foralls, the bound type
624 -- variables are visible non-monadically
625 -- (i.e. tha args are sufficiently zonked)
626 -- This invariant is needed so that we can "see" the foralls, ad
627 -- e.g. in the SPEC rule where we just use splitSigmaTy
629 tc_sub mb_fun act_sty act_ty exp_ib exp_sty exp_ty
630 = tc_sub1 mb_fun act_sty act_ty exp_ib exp_sty exp_ty
631 -- This indirection is just here to make
632 -- it easy to insert a debug trace!
634 tc_sub1 mb_fun act_sty act_ty exp_ib exp_sty exp_ty
635 | Just exp_ty' <- tcView exp_ty = tc_sub mb_fun act_sty act_ty exp_ib exp_sty exp_ty'
636 tc_sub1 mb_fun act_sty act_ty exp_ib exp_sty exp_ty
637 | Just act_ty' <- tcView act_ty = tc_sub mb_fun act_sty act_ty' exp_ib exp_sty exp_ty
639 -----------------------------------
640 -- Rule SBOXY, plus other cases when act_ty is a type variable
641 -- Just defer to boxy matching
642 -- This rule takes precedence over SKOL!
643 tc_sub1 mb_fun act_sty (TyVarTy tv) exp_ib exp_sty exp_ty
644 = do { addErrCtxtM (subCtxt mb_fun act_sty exp_sty) $
645 uVar True False tv exp_ib exp_sty exp_ty
646 ; return idCoercion }
648 -----------------------------------
649 -- Skolemisation case (rule SKOL)
650 -- actual_ty: d:Eq b => b->b
651 -- expected_ty: forall a. Ord a => a->a
652 -- co_fn e /\a. \d2:Ord a. let d = eqFromOrd d2 in e
654 -- It is essential to do this *before* the specialisation case
655 -- Example: f :: (Eq a => a->a) -> ...
656 -- g :: Ord b => b->b
659 tc_sub1 mb_fun act_sty act_ty exp_ib exp_sty exp_ty
660 | not exp_ib, -- SKOL does not apply if exp_ty is inside a box
662 = do { (gen_fn, co_fn) <- tcGen exp_ty act_tvs $ \ body_exp_ty ->
663 tc_sub mb_fun act_sty act_ty False body_exp_ty body_exp_ty
664 ; return (gen_fn <.> co_fn) }
666 act_tvs = tyVarsOfType act_ty
667 -- It's really important to check for escape wrt
668 -- the free vars of both expected_ty *and* actual_ty
670 -----------------------------------
671 -- Specialisation case (rule ASPEC):
672 -- actual_ty: forall a. Ord a => a->a
673 -- expected_ty: Int -> Int
674 -- co_fn e = e Int dOrdInt
676 tc_sub1 mb_fun act_sty actual_ty exp_ib exp_sty expected_ty
677 -- Implements the new SPEC rule in the Appendix of the paper
678 -- "Boxy types: inference for higher rank types and impredicativity"
679 -- (This appendix isn't in the published version.)
680 -- The idea is to *first* do pre-subsumption, and then full subsumption
681 -- Example: forall a. a->a <= Int -> (forall b. Int)
682 -- Pre-subsumpion finds a|->Int, and that works fine, whereas
683 -- just running full subsumption would fail.
684 | isSigmaTy actual_ty
685 = do { -- Perform pre-subsumption, and instantiate
686 -- the type with info from the pre-subsumption;
687 -- boxy tyvars if pre-subsumption gives no info
688 let (tyvars, theta, tau) = tcSplitSigmaTy actual_ty
689 tau_tvs = exactTyVarsOfType tau
690 ; inst_tys <- if exp_ib then -- Inside a box, do not do clever stuff
691 do { tyvars' <- mapM tcInstBoxyTyVar tyvars
692 ; return (mkTyVarTys tyvars') }
693 else -- Outside, do clever stuff
694 preSubType tyvars tau_tvs tau expected_ty
695 ; let subst' = zipOpenTvSubst tyvars inst_tys
696 tau' = substTy subst' tau
698 -- Perform a full subsumption check
699 ; traceTc (text "tc_sub_spec" <+> vcat [ppr actual_ty,
700 ppr tyvars <+> ppr theta <+> ppr tau,
702 ; co_fn2 <- tc_sub mb_fun tau' tau' exp_ib exp_sty expected_ty
704 -- Deal with the dictionaries
705 ; co_fn1 <- instCall InstSigOrigin inst_tys (substTheta subst' theta)
706 ; return (co_fn2 <.> co_fn1) }
708 -----------------------------------
709 -- Function case (rule F1)
710 tc_sub1 mb_fun _ (FunTy act_arg act_res) exp_ib _ (FunTy exp_arg exp_res)
711 = tc_sub_funs mb_fun act_arg act_res exp_ib exp_arg exp_res
713 -- Function case (rule F2)
714 tc_sub1 mb_fun act_sty act_ty@(FunTy act_arg act_res) _ exp_sty (TyVarTy exp_tv)
716 = do { cts <- readMetaTyVar exp_tv
718 Indirect ty -> tc_sub mb_fun act_sty act_ty True exp_sty ty
719 Flexi -> do { [arg_ty,res_ty] <- withMetaTvs exp_tv fun_kinds mk_res_ty
720 ; tc_sub_funs mb_fun act_arg act_res True arg_ty res_ty } }
722 mk_res_ty [arg_ty', res_ty'] = mkFunTy arg_ty' res_ty'
723 mk_res_ty other = panic "TcUnify.mk_res_ty3"
724 fun_kinds = [argTypeKind, openTypeKind]
726 -- Everything else: defer to boxy matching
727 tc_sub1 mb_fun act_sty actual_ty exp_ib exp_sty expected_ty
728 = do { addErrCtxtM (subCtxt mb_fun act_sty exp_sty) $
729 u_tys True False act_sty actual_ty exp_ib exp_sty expected_ty
730 ; return idCoercion }
733 -----------------------------------
734 tc_sub_funs mb_fun act_arg act_res exp_ib exp_arg exp_res
735 = do { uTys False act_arg exp_ib exp_arg
736 ; co_fn_res <- tc_sub mb_fun act_res act_res exp_ib exp_res exp_res
737 ; wrapFunResCoercion [exp_arg] co_fn_res }
739 -----------------------------------
741 :: [TcType] -- Type of args
742 -> ExprCoFn -- HsExpr a -> HsExpr b
743 -> TcM ExprCoFn -- HsExpr (arg_tys -> a) -> HsExpr (arg_tys -> b)
744 wrapFunResCoercion arg_tys co_fn_res
745 | isIdCoercion co_fn_res = return idCoercion
746 | null arg_tys = return co_fn_res
748 = do { arg_ids <- newSysLocalIds FSLIT("sub") arg_tys
749 ; return (mkCoLams arg_ids <.> co_fn_res <.> mkCoApps arg_ids) }
754 %************************************************************************
756 \subsection{Generalisation}
758 %************************************************************************
761 tcGen :: BoxySigmaType -- expected_ty
762 -> TcTyVarSet -- Extra tyvars that the universally
763 -- quantified tyvars of expected_ty
764 -- must not be unified
765 -> (BoxyRhoType -> TcM result) -- spec_ty
766 -> TcM (ExprCoFn, result)
767 -- The expression has type: spec_ty -> expected_ty
769 tcGen expected_ty extra_tvs thing_inside -- We expect expected_ty to be a forall-type
770 -- If not, the call is a no-op
771 = do { -- We want the GenSkol info in the skolemised type variables to
772 -- mention the *instantiated* tyvar names, so that we get a
773 -- good error message "Rigid variable 'a' is bound by (forall a. a->a)"
774 -- Hence the tiresome but innocuous fixM
775 ((forall_tvs, theta, rho_ty), skol_info) <- fixM (\ ~(_, skol_info) ->
776 do { (forall_tvs, theta, rho_ty) <- tcInstSkolType skol_info expected_ty
777 ; span <- getSrcSpanM
778 ; let skol_info = GenSkol forall_tvs (mkPhiTy theta rho_ty) span
779 ; return ((forall_tvs, theta, rho_ty), skol_info) })
782 ; traceTc (text "tcGen" <+> vcat [text "extra_tvs" <+> ppr extra_tvs,
783 text "expected_ty" <+> ppr expected_ty,
784 text "inst ty" <+> ppr forall_tvs <+> ppr theta <+> ppr rho_ty,
785 text "free_tvs" <+> ppr free_tvs,
786 text "forall_tvs" <+> ppr forall_tvs])
789 -- Type-check the arg and unify with poly type
790 ; (result, lie) <- getLIE (thing_inside rho_ty)
792 -- Check that the "forall_tvs" havn't been constrained
793 -- The interesting bit here is that we must include the free variables
794 -- of the expected_ty. Here's an example:
795 -- runST (newVar True)
796 -- Here, if we don't make a check, we'll get a type (ST s (MutVar s Bool))
797 -- for (newVar True), with s fresh. Then we unify with the runST's arg type
798 -- forall s'. ST s' a. That unifies s' with s, and a with MutVar s Bool.
799 -- So now s' isn't unconstrained because it's linked to a.
800 -- Conclusion: include the free vars of the expected_ty in the
801 -- list of "free vars" for the signature check.
803 ; dicts <- newDictBndrsO (SigOrigin skol_info) theta
804 ; inst_binds <- tcSimplifyCheck sig_msg forall_tvs dicts lie
806 ; checkSigTyVarsWrt free_tvs forall_tvs
807 ; traceTc (text "tcGen:done")
810 -- The CoLet binds any Insts which came out of the simplification.
811 dict_ids = map instToId dicts
812 co_fn = mkCoTyLams forall_tvs <.> mkCoLams dict_ids <.> CoLet inst_binds
813 ; returnM (co_fn, result) }
815 free_tvs = tyVarsOfType expected_ty `unionVarSet` extra_tvs
816 sig_msg = ptext SLIT("expected type of an expression")
821 %************************************************************************
825 %************************************************************************
827 The exported functions are all defined as versions of some
828 non-exported generic functions.
831 boxyUnify :: BoxyType -> BoxyType -> TcM ()
832 -- Acutal and expected, respectively
834 = addErrCtxtM (unifyCtxt ty1 ty2) $
835 uTysOuter False ty1 False ty2
838 boxyUnifyList :: [BoxyType] -> [BoxyType] -> TcM ()
839 -- Arguments should have equal length
840 -- Acutal and expected types
841 boxyUnifyList tys1 tys2 = uList boxyUnify tys1 tys2
844 unifyType :: TcTauType -> TcTauType -> TcM ()
845 -- No boxes expected inside these types
846 -- Acutal and expected types
847 unifyType ty1 ty2 -- ty1 expected, ty2 inferred
848 = ASSERT2( not (isBoxyTy ty1), ppr ty1 )
849 ASSERT2( not (isBoxyTy ty2), ppr ty2 )
850 addErrCtxtM (unifyCtxt ty1 ty2) $
851 uTysOuter True ty1 True ty2
854 unifyPred :: PredType -> PredType -> TcM ()
855 -- Acutal and expected types
856 unifyPred p1 p2 = addErrCtxtM (unifyCtxt (mkPredTy p1) (mkPredTy p2)) $
857 uPred True True p1 True p2
859 unifyTheta :: TcThetaType -> TcThetaType -> TcM ()
860 -- Acutal and expected types
861 unifyTheta theta1 theta2
862 = do { checkTc (equalLength theta1 theta2)
863 (ptext SLIT("Contexts differ in length"))
864 ; uList unifyPred theta1 theta2 }
867 uList :: (a -> a -> TcM ())
868 -> [a] -> [a] -> TcM ()
869 -- Unify corresponding elements of two lists of types, which
870 -- should be f equal length. We charge down the list explicitly so that
871 -- we can complain if their lengths differ.
872 uList unify [] [] = return ()
873 uList unify (ty1:tys1) (ty2:tys2) = do { unify ty1 ty2; uList unify tys1 tys2 }
874 uList unify ty1s ty2s = panic "Unify.uList: mismatched type lists!"
877 @unifyTypeList@ takes a single list of @TauType@s and unifies them
878 all together. It is used, for example, when typechecking explicit
879 lists, when all the elts should be of the same type.
882 unifyTypeList :: [TcTauType] -> TcM ()
883 unifyTypeList [] = returnM ()
884 unifyTypeList [ty] = returnM ()
885 unifyTypeList (ty1:tys@(ty2:_)) = do { unifyType ty1 ty2
886 ; unifyTypeList tys }
889 %************************************************************************
891 \subsection[Unify-uTys]{@uTys@: getting down to business}
893 %************************************************************************
895 @uTys@ is the heart of the unifier. Each arg happens twice, because
896 we want to report errors in terms of synomyms if poss. The first of
897 the pair is used in error messages only; it is always the same as the
898 second, except that if the first is a synonym then the second may be a
899 de-synonym'd version. This way we get better error messages.
901 We call the first one \tr{ps_ty1}, \tr{ps_ty2} for ``possible synomym''.
904 type InBox = Bool -- True <=> we are inside a box
905 -- False <=> we are outside a box
906 -- The importance of this is that if we get "filled-box meets
907 -- filled-box", we'll look into the boxes and unify... but
908 -- we must not allow polytypes. But if we are in a box on
909 -- just one side, then we can allow polytypes
911 type Outer = Bool -- True <=> this is the outer level of a unification
912 -- so that the types being unified are the
913 -- very ones we began with, not some sub
914 -- component or synonym expansion
915 -- The idea is that if Outer is true then unifyMisMatch should
916 -- pop the context to remove the "Expected/Acutal" context
919 :: InBox -> TcType -- ty1 is the *expected* type
920 -> InBox -> TcType -- ty2 is the *actual* type
922 uTysOuter nb1 ty1 nb2 ty2 = do { traceTc (text "uTysOuter" <+> ppr ty1 <+> ppr ty2)
923 ; u_tys True nb1 ty1 ty1 nb2 ty2 ty2 }
924 uTys nb1 ty1 nb2 ty2 = do { traceTc (text "uTys" <+> ppr ty1 <+> ppr ty2)
925 ; u_tys False nb1 ty1 ty1 nb2 ty2 ty2 }
929 uTys_s :: InBox -> [TcType] -- ty1 is the *actual* types
930 -> InBox -> [TcType] -- ty2 is the *expected* types
932 uTys_s nb1 [] nb2 [] = returnM ()
933 uTys_s nb1 (ty1:tys1) nb2 (ty2:tys2) = do { uTys nb1 ty1 nb2 ty2
934 ; uTys_s nb1 tys1 nb2 tys2 }
935 uTys_s nb1 ty1s nb2 ty2s = panic "Unify.uTys_s: mismatched type lists!"
939 -> InBox -> TcType -> TcType -- ty1 is the *actual* type
940 -> InBox -> TcType -> TcType -- ty2 is the *expected* type
943 u_tys outer nb1 orig_ty1 ty1 nb2 orig_ty2 ty2
947 -- Always expand synonyms (see notes at end)
948 -- (this also throws away FTVs)
950 | Just ty1' <- tcView ty1 = go False ty1' ty2
951 | Just ty2' <- tcView ty2 = go False ty1 ty2'
953 -- Variables; go for uVar
954 go outer (TyVarTy tyvar1) ty2 = uVar outer False tyvar1 nb2 orig_ty2 ty2
955 go outer ty1 (TyVarTy tyvar2) = uVar outer True tyvar2 nb1 orig_ty1 ty1
956 -- "True" means args swapped
958 go outer (PredTy p1) (PredTy p2) = uPred outer nb1 p1 nb2 p2
960 -- Type constructors must match
961 go _ (TyConApp con1 tys1) (TyConApp con2 tys2)
962 | con1 == con2 = uTys_s nb1 tys1 nb2 tys2
963 -- See Note [TyCon app]
965 -- Functions; just check the two parts
966 go _ (FunTy fun1 arg1) (FunTy fun2 arg2)
967 = do { uTys nb1 fun1 nb2 fun2
968 ; uTys nb1 arg1 nb2 arg2 }
970 -- Applications need a bit of care!
971 -- They can match FunTy and TyConApp, so use splitAppTy_maybe
972 -- NB: we've already dealt with type variables and Notes,
973 -- so if one type is an App the other one jolly well better be too
974 go outer (AppTy s1 t1) ty2
975 | Just (s2,t2) <- tcSplitAppTy_maybe ty2
976 = do { uTys nb1 s1 nb2 s2; uTys nb1 t1 nb2 t2 }
978 -- Now the same, but the other way round
979 -- Don't swap the types, because the error messages get worse
980 go outer ty1 (AppTy s2 t2)
981 | Just (s1,t1) <- tcSplitAppTy_maybe ty1
982 = do { uTys nb1 s1 nb2 s2; uTys nb1 t1 nb2 t2 }
984 go _ ty1@(ForAllTy _ _) ty2@(ForAllTy _ _)
985 | length tvs1 == length tvs2
986 = do { tvs <- tcInstSkolTyVars UnkSkol tvs1 -- Not a helpful SkolemInfo
987 ; let tys = mkTyVarTys tvs
988 in_scope = mkInScopeSet (mkVarSet tvs)
989 subst1 = mkTvSubst in_scope (zipTyEnv tvs1 tys)
990 subst2 = mkTvSubst in_scope (zipTyEnv tvs2 tys)
991 ; uTys nb1 (substTy subst1 body1) nb2 (substTy subst2 body2)
993 -- If both sides are inside a box, we are in a "box-meets-box"
994 -- situation, and we should not have a polytype at all.
995 -- If we get here we have two boxes, already filled with
996 -- the same polytype... but it should be a monotype.
997 -- This check comes last, because the error message is
998 -- extremely unhelpful.
999 ; ifM (nb1 && nb2) (notMonoType ty1)
1002 (tvs1, body1) = tcSplitForAllTys ty1
1003 (tvs2, body2) = tcSplitForAllTys ty2
1005 -- Anything else fails
1006 go outer _ _ = unifyMisMatch outer False orig_ty1 orig_ty2
1009 uPred outer nb1 (IParam n1 t1) nb2 (IParam n2 t2)
1010 | n1 == n2 = uTys nb1 t1 nb2 t2
1011 uPred outer nb1 (ClassP c1 tys1) nb2 (ClassP c2 tys2)
1012 | c1 == c2 = uTys_s nb1 tys1 nb2 tys2 -- Guaranteed equal lengths because the kinds check
1013 uPred outer _ p1 _ p2 = unifyMisMatch outer False (mkPredTy p1) (mkPredTy p2)
1018 When we find two TyConApps, the argument lists are guaranteed equal
1019 length. Reason: intially the kinds of the two types to be unified is
1020 the same. The only way it can become not the same is when unifying two
1021 AppTys (f1 a1):=:(f2 a2). In that case there can't be a TyConApp in
1022 the f1,f2 (because it'd absorb the app). If we unify f1:=:f2 first,
1023 which we do, that ensures that f1,f2 have the same kind; and that
1024 means a1,a2 have the same kind. And now the argument repeats.
1029 If you are tempted to make a short cut on synonyms, as in this
1033 -- NO uTys (SynTy con1 args1 ty1) (SynTy con2 args2 ty2)
1034 -- NO = if (con1 == con2) then
1035 -- NO -- Good news! Same synonym constructors, so we can shortcut
1036 -- NO -- by unifying their arguments and ignoring their expansions.
1037 -- NO unifyTypepeLists args1 args2
1039 -- NO -- Never mind. Just expand them and try again
1043 then THINK AGAIN. Here is the whole story, as detected and reported
1044 by Chris Okasaki \tr{<Chris_Okasaki@loch.mess.cs.cmu.edu>}:
1046 Here's a test program that should detect the problem:
1050 x = (1 :: Bogus Char) :: Bogus Bool
1053 The problem with [the attempted shortcut code] is that
1057 is not a sufficient condition to be able to use the shortcut!
1058 You also need to know that the type synonym actually USES all
1059 its arguments. For example, consider the following type synonym
1060 which does not use all its arguments.
1065 If you ever tried unifying, say, \tr{Bogus Char} with \tr{Bogus Bool},
1066 the unifier would blithely try to unify \tr{Char} with \tr{Bool} and
1067 would fail, even though the expanded forms (both \tr{Int}) should
1070 Similarly, unifying \tr{Bogus Char} with \tr{Bogus t} would
1071 unnecessarily bind \tr{t} to \tr{Char}.
1073 ... You could explicitly test for the problem synonyms and mark them
1074 somehow as needing expansion, perhaps also issuing a warning to the
1079 %************************************************************************
1081 \subsection[Unify-uVar]{@uVar@: unifying with a type variable}
1083 %************************************************************************
1085 @uVar@ is called when at least one of the types being unified is a
1086 variable. It does {\em not} assume that the variable is a fixed point
1087 of the substitution; rather, notice that @uVar@ (defined below) nips
1088 back into @uTys@ if it turns out that the variable is already bound.
1092 -> Bool -- False => tyvar is the "expected"
1093 -- True => ty is the "expected" thing
1095 -> InBox -- True <=> definitely no boxes in t2
1096 -> TcTauType -> TcTauType -- printing and real versions
1099 uVar outer swapped tv1 nb2 ps_ty2 ty2
1100 = do { let expansion | showSDoc (ppr ty2) == showSDoc (ppr ps_ty2) = empty
1101 | otherwise = brackets (equals <+> ppr ty2)
1102 ; traceTc (text "uVar" <+> ppr swapped <+>
1103 sep [ppr tv1 <+> dcolon <+> ppr (tyVarKind tv1 ),
1104 nest 2 (ptext SLIT(" <-> ")),
1105 ppr ps_ty2 <+> dcolon <+> ppr (typeKind ty2) <+> expansion])
1106 ; details <- lookupTcTyVar tv1
1109 | swapped -> u_tys outer nb2 ps_ty2 ty2 True ty1 ty1 -- Swap back
1110 | otherwise -> u_tys outer True ty1 ty1 nb2 ps_ty2 ty2 -- Same order
1111 -- The 'True' here says that ty1 is now inside a box
1112 DoneTv details1 -> uUnfilledVar outer swapped tv1 details1 ps_ty2 ty2
1116 uUnfilledVar :: Outer
1117 -> Bool -- Args are swapped
1118 -> TcTyVar -> TcTyVarDetails -- Tyvar 1
1119 -> TcTauType -> TcTauType -- Type 2
1121 -- Invariant: tyvar 1 is not unified with anything
1123 uUnfilledVar outer swapped tv1 details1 ps_ty2 ty2
1124 | Just ty2' <- tcView ty2
1125 = -- Expand synonyms; ignore FTVs
1126 uUnfilledVar False swapped tv1 details1 ps_ty2 ty2'
1128 uUnfilledVar outer swapped tv1 details1 ps_ty2 (TyVarTy tv2)
1129 | tv1 == tv2 -- Same type variable => no-op (but watch out for the boxy case)
1131 MetaTv BoxTv ref1 -- A boxy type variable meets itself;
1132 -- this is box-meets-box, so fill in with a tau-type
1133 -> do { tau_tv <- tcInstTyVar tv1
1134 ; updateMeta tv1 ref1 (mkTyVarTy tau_tv) }
1135 other -> returnM () -- No-op
1137 -- Distinct type variables
1139 = do { lookup2 <- lookupTcTyVar tv2
1141 IndirectTv ty2' -> uUnfilledVar outer swapped tv1 details1 ty2' ty2'
1142 DoneTv details2 -> uUnfilledVars outer swapped tv1 details1 tv2 details2
1145 uUnfilledVar outer swapped tv1 details1 ps_ty2 non_var_ty2 -- ty2 is not a type variable
1147 MetaTv (SigTv _) ref1 -> mis_match -- Can't update a skolem with a non-type-variable
1148 MetaTv info ref1 -> uMetaVar swapped tv1 info ref1 ps_ty2 non_var_ty2
1149 skolem_details -> mis_match
1151 mis_match = unifyMisMatch outer swapped (TyVarTy tv1) ps_ty2
1155 -> TcTyVar -> BoxInfo -> IORef MetaDetails
1158 -- tv1 is an un-filled-in meta type variable (maybe boxy, maybe tau)
1159 -- ty2 is not a type variable
1161 uMetaVar swapped tv1 BoxTv ref1 ps_ty2 non_var_ty2
1162 = -- tv1 is a BoxTv. So we must unbox ty2, to ensure
1163 -- that any boxes in ty2 are filled with monotypes
1165 -- It should not be the case that tv1 occurs in ty2
1166 -- (i.e. no occurs check should be needed), but if perchance
1167 -- it does, the unbox operation will fill it, and the DEBUG
1169 do { final_ty <- unBox ps_ty2
1171 ; meta_details <- readMutVar ref1
1172 ; case meta_details of
1173 Indirect ty -> WARN( True, ppr tv1 <+> ppr ty )
1174 return () -- This really should *not* happen
1177 ; checkUpdateMeta swapped tv1 ref1 final_ty }
1179 uMetaVar swapped tv1 info1 ref1 ps_ty2 non_var_ty2
1180 = do { final_ty <- checkTauTvUpdate tv1 ps_ty2 -- Occurs check + monotype check
1181 ; checkUpdateMeta swapped tv1 ref1 final_ty }
1184 uUnfilledVars :: Outer
1185 -> Bool -- Args are swapped
1186 -> TcTyVar -> TcTyVarDetails -- Tyvar 1
1187 -> TcTyVar -> TcTyVarDetails -- Tyvar 2
1189 -- Invarant: The type variables are distinct,
1190 -- Neither is filled in yet
1191 -- They might be boxy or not
1193 uUnfilledVars outer swapped tv1 (SkolemTv _) tv2 (SkolemTv _)
1194 = unifyMisMatch outer swapped (mkTyVarTy tv1) (mkTyVarTy tv2)
1196 uUnfilledVars outer swapped tv1 (MetaTv info1 ref1) tv2 (SkolemTv _)
1197 = checkUpdateMeta swapped tv1 ref1 (mkTyVarTy tv2)
1198 uUnfilledVars outer swapped tv1 (SkolemTv _) tv2 (MetaTv info2 ref2)
1199 = checkUpdateMeta (not swapped) tv2 ref2 (mkTyVarTy tv1)
1201 -- ToDo: this function seems too long for what it acutally does!
1202 uUnfilledVars outer swapped tv1 (MetaTv info1 ref1) tv2 (MetaTv info2 ref2)
1203 = case (info1, info2) of
1204 (BoxTv, BoxTv) -> box_meets_box
1206 -- If a box meets a TauTv, but the fomer has the smaller kind
1207 -- then we must create a fresh TauTv with the smaller kind
1208 (_, BoxTv) | k1_sub_k2 -> update_tv2
1209 | otherwise -> box_meets_box
1210 (BoxTv, _ ) | k2_sub_k1 -> update_tv1
1211 | otherwise -> box_meets_box
1213 -- Avoid SigTvs if poss
1214 (SigTv _, _ ) | k1_sub_k2 -> update_tv2
1215 (_, SigTv _) | k2_sub_k1 -> update_tv1
1217 (_, _) | k1_sub_k2 -> if k2_sub_k1 && nicer_to_update_tv1
1218 then update_tv1 -- Same kinds
1220 | k2_sub_k1 -> update_tv1
1221 | otherwise -> kind_err
1223 -- Update the variable with least kind info
1224 -- See notes on type inference in Kind.lhs
1225 -- The "nicer to" part only applies if the two kinds are the same,
1226 -- so we can choose which to do.
1228 -- Kinds should be guaranteed ok at this point
1229 update_tv1 = updateMeta tv1 ref1 (mkTyVarTy tv2)
1230 update_tv2 = updateMeta tv2 ref2 (mkTyVarTy tv1)
1232 box_meets_box | k1_sub_k2 = if k2_sub_k1 && nicer_to_update_tv1
1235 | k2_sub_k1 = fill_from tv2
1236 | otherwise = kind_err
1238 -- Update *both* tyvars with a TauTv whose name and kind
1239 -- are gotten from tv (avoid losing nice names is poss)
1240 fill_from tv = do { tv' <- tcInstTyVar tv
1241 ; let tau_ty = mkTyVarTy tv'
1242 ; updateMeta tv1 ref1 tau_ty
1243 ; updateMeta tv2 ref2 tau_ty }
1245 kind_err = addErrCtxtM (unifyKindCtxt swapped tv1 (mkTyVarTy tv2)) $
1246 unifyKindMisMatch k1 k2
1250 k1_sub_k2 = k1 `isSubKind` k2
1251 k2_sub_k1 = k2 `isSubKind` k1
1253 nicer_to_update_tv1 = isSystemName (varName tv1)
1254 -- Try to update sys-y type variables in preference to ones
1255 -- gotten (say) by instantiating a polymorphic function with
1256 -- a user-written type sig
1259 checkUpdateMeta :: Bool -> TcTyVar -> IORef MetaDetails -> TcType -> TcM ()
1260 -- Update tv1, which is flexi; occurs check is alrady done
1261 -- The 'check' version does a kind check too
1262 -- We do a sub-kind check here: we might unify (a b) with (c d)
1263 -- where b::*->* and d::*; this should fail
1265 checkUpdateMeta swapped tv1 ref1 ty2
1266 = do { checkKinds swapped tv1 ty2
1267 ; updateMeta tv1 ref1 ty2 }
1269 updateMeta :: TcTyVar -> IORef MetaDetails -> TcType -> TcM ()
1270 updateMeta tv1 ref1 ty2
1271 = ASSERT( isMetaTyVar tv1 )
1272 ASSERT( isBoxyTyVar tv1 || isTauTy ty2 )
1273 do { ASSERTM2( do { details <- readMetaTyVar tv1; return (isFlexi details) }, ppr tv1 )
1274 ; traceTc (text "updateMeta" <+> ppr tv1 <+> text ":=" <+> ppr ty2)
1275 ; writeMutVar ref1 (Indirect ty2) }
1278 checkKinds swapped tv1 ty2
1279 -- We're about to unify a type variable tv1 with a non-tyvar-type ty2.
1280 -- ty2 has been zonked at this stage, which ensures that
1281 -- its kind has as much boxity information visible as possible.
1282 | tk2 `isSubKind` tk1 = returnM ()
1285 -- Either the kinds aren't compatible
1286 -- (can happen if we unify (a b) with (c d))
1287 -- or we are unifying a lifted type variable with an
1288 -- unlifted type: e.g. (id 3#) is illegal
1289 = addErrCtxtM (unifyKindCtxt swapped tv1 ty2) $
1290 unifyKindMisMatch k1 k2
1292 (k1,k2) | swapped = (tk2,tk1)
1293 | otherwise = (tk1,tk2)
1298 checkTauTvUpdate :: TcTyVar -> TcType -> TcM TcType
1299 -- (checkTauTvUpdate tv ty)
1300 -- We are about to update the TauTv tv with ty.
1301 -- Check (a) that tv doesn't occur in ty (occurs check)
1302 -- (b) that ty is a monotype
1303 -- Furthermore, in the interest of (b), if you find an
1304 -- empty box (BoxTv that is Flexi), fill it in with a TauTv
1306 -- Returns the (non-boxy) type to update the type variable with, or fails
1308 checkTauTvUpdate orig_tv orig_ty
1311 go (TyConApp tc tys)
1312 | isSynTyCon tc = go_syn tc tys
1313 | otherwise = do { tys' <- mappM go tys; return (TyConApp tc tys') }
1314 go (NoteTy _ ty2) = go ty2 -- Discard free-tyvar annotations
1315 go (PredTy p) = do { p' <- go_pred p; return (PredTy p') }
1316 go (FunTy arg res) = do { arg' <- go arg; res' <- go res; return (FunTy arg' res') }
1317 go (AppTy fun arg) = do { fun' <- go fun; arg' <- go arg; return (mkAppTy fun' arg') }
1318 -- NB the mkAppTy; we might have instantiated a
1319 -- type variable to a type constructor, so we need
1320 -- to pull the TyConApp to the top.
1321 go (ForAllTy tv ty) = notMonoType orig_ty -- (b)
1324 | orig_tv == tv = occurCheck tv orig_ty -- (a)
1325 | isTcTyVar tv = go_tyvar tv (tcTyVarDetails tv)
1326 | otherwise = return (TyVarTy tv)
1327 -- Ordinary (non Tc) tyvars
1328 -- occur inside quantified types
1330 go_pred (ClassP c tys) = do { tys' <- mapM go tys; return (ClassP c tys') }
1331 go_pred (IParam n ty) = do { ty' <- go ty; return (IParam n ty') }
1332 go_pred (EqPred t1 t2) = do { t1' <- go t1; t2' <- go t2; return (EqPred t1' t2') }
1334 go_tyvar tv (SkolemTv _) = return (TyVarTy tv)
1335 go_tyvar tv (MetaTv box ref)
1336 = do { cts <- readMutVar ref
1338 Indirect ty -> go ty
1339 Flexi -> case box of
1340 BoxTv -> fillBoxWithTau tv ref
1341 other -> return (TyVarTy tv)
1344 -- go_syn is called for synonyms only
1345 -- See Note [Type synonyms and the occur check]
1347 | not (isTauTyCon tc)
1348 = notMonoType orig_ty -- (b) again
1350 = do { (msgs, mb_tys') <- tryTc (mapM go tys)
1352 Just tys' -> return (TyConApp tc tys')
1353 -- Retain the synonym (the common case)
1354 Nothing -> go (expectJust "checkTauTvUpdate"
1355 (tcView (TyConApp tc tys)))
1356 -- Try again, expanding the synonym
1359 fillBoxWithTau :: BoxyTyVar -> IORef MetaDetails -> TcM TcType
1360 -- (fillBoxWithTau tv ref) fills ref with a freshly allocated
1361 -- tau-type meta-variable, whose print-name is the same as tv
1362 -- Choosing the same name is good: when we instantiate a function
1363 -- we allocate boxy tyvars with the same print-name as the quantified
1364 -- tyvar; and then we often fill the box with a tau-tyvar, and again
1365 -- we want to choose the same name.
1366 fillBoxWithTau tv ref
1367 = do { tv' <- tcInstTyVar tv -- Do not gratuitously forget
1368 ; let tau = mkTyVarTy tv' -- name of the type variable
1369 ; writeMutVar ref (Indirect tau)
1373 Note [Type synonyms and the occur check]
1374 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1375 Basically we want to update tv1 := ps_ty2
1376 because ps_ty2 has type-synonym info, which improves later error messages
1381 f :: (A a -> a -> ()) -> ()
1385 x = f (\ x p -> p x)
1387 In the application (p x), we try to match "t" with "A t". If we go
1388 ahead and bind t to A t (= ps_ty2), we'll lead the type checker into
1389 an infinite loop later.
1390 But we should not reject the program, because A t = ().
1391 Rather, we should bind t to () (= non_var_ty2).
1394 stripBoxyType :: BoxyType -> TcM TcType
1395 -- Strip all boxes from the input type, returning a non-boxy type.
1396 -- It's fine for there to be a polytype inside a box (c.f. unBox)
1397 -- All of the boxes should have been filled in by now;
1398 -- hence we return a TcType
1399 stripBoxyType ty = zonkType strip_tv ty
1401 strip_tv tv = ASSERT( not (isBoxyTyVar tv) ) return (TyVarTy tv)
1402 -- strip_tv will be called for *Flexi* meta-tyvars
1403 -- There should not be any Boxy ones; hence the ASSERT
1405 zapToMonotype :: BoxySigmaType -> TcM TcTauType
1406 -- Subtle... we must zap the boxy res_ty
1407 -- to kind * before using it to instantiate a LitInst
1408 -- Calling unBox instead doesn't do the job, because the box
1409 -- often has an openTypeKind, and we don't want to instantiate
1411 zapToMonotype res_ty
1412 = do { res_tau <- newFlexiTyVarTy liftedTypeKind
1413 ; boxyUnify res_tau res_ty
1416 unBox :: BoxyType -> TcM TcType
1417 -- unBox implements the judgement
1419 -- with input s', and result s
1421 -- It removes all boxes from the input type, returning a non-boxy type.
1422 -- A filled box in the type can only contain a monotype; unBox fails if not
1423 -- The type can have empty boxes, which unBox fills with a monotype
1425 -- Compare this wth checkTauTvUpdate
1427 -- For once, it's safe to treat synonyms as opaque!
1429 unBox (NoteTy n ty) = do { ty' <- unBox ty; return (NoteTy n ty') }
1430 unBox (TyConApp tc tys) = do { tys' <- mapM unBox tys; return (TyConApp tc tys') }
1431 unBox (AppTy f a) = do { f' <- unBox f; a' <- unBox a; return (mkAppTy f' a') }
1432 unBox (FunTy f a) = do { f' <- unBox f; a' <- unBox a; return (FunTy f' a') }
1433 unBox (PredTy p) = do { p' <- unBoxPred p; return (PredTy p') }
1434 unBox (ForAllTy tv ty) = ASSERT( isImmutableTyVar tv )
1435 do { ty' <- unBox ty; return (ForAllTy tv ty') }
1437 | isTcTyVar tv -- It's a boxy type variable
1438 , MetaTv BoxTv ref <- tcTyVarDetails tv -- NB: non-TcTyVars are possible
1439 = do { cts <- readMutVar ref -- under nested quantifiers
1441 Flexi -> fillBoxWithTau tv ref
1442 Indirect ty -> do { non_boxy_ty <- unBox ty
1443 ; if isTauTy non_boxy_ty
1444 then return non_boxy_ty
1445 else notMonoType non_boxy_ty }
1447 | otherwise -- Skolems, and meta-tau-variables
1448 = return (TyVarTy tv)
1450 unBoxPred (ClassP cls tys) = do { tys' <- mapM unBox tys; return (ClassP cls tys') }
1451 unBoxPred (IParam ip ty) = do { ty' <- unBox ty; return (IParam ip ty') }
1456 %************************************************************************
1458 \subsection[Unify-context]{Errors and contexts}
1460 %************************************************************************
1466 unifyCtxt act_ty exp_ty tidy_env
1467 = do { act_ty' <- zonkTcType act_ty
1468 ; exp_ty' <- zonkTcType exp_ty
1469 ; let (env1, exp_ty'') = tidyOpenType tidy_env exp_ty'
1470 (env2, act_ty'') = tidyOpenType env1 act_ty'
1471 ; return (env2, mkExpectedActualMsg act_ty'' exp_ty'') }
1474 mkExpectedActualMsg act_ty exp_ty
1475 = nest 2 (vcat [ text "Expected type" <> colon <+> ppr exp_ty,
1476 text "Inferred type" <> colon <+> ppr act_ty ])
1479 -- If an error happens we try to figure out whether the function
1480 -- function has been given too many or too few arguments, and say so.
1481 subCtxt mb_fun actual_res_ty expected_res_ty tidy_env
1482 = do { exp_ty' <- zonkTcType expected_res_ty
1483 ; act_ty' <- zonkTcType actual_res_ty
1485 (env1, exp_ty'') = tidyOpenType tidy_env exp_ty'
1486 (env2, act_ty'') = tidyOpenType env1 act_ty'
1487 (exp_args, _) = tcSplitFunTys exp_ty''
1488 (act_args, _) = tcSplitFunTys act_ty''
1490 len_act_args = length act_args
1491 len_exp_args = length exp_args
1493 message = case mb_fun of
1494 Just fun | len_exp_args < len_act_args -> wrongArgsCtxt "too few" fun
1495 | len_exp_args > len_act_args -> wrongArgsCtxt "too many" fun
1496 other -> mkExpectedActualMsg act_ty'' exp_ty''
1497 ; return (env2, message) }
1500 wrongArgsCtxt too_many_or_few fun
1501 = ptext SLIT("Probable cause:") <+> quotes (ppr fun)
1502 <+> ptext SLIT("is applied to") <+> text too_many_or_few
1503 <+> ptext SLIT("arguments")
1506 unifyKindCtxt swapped tv1 ty2 tidy_env -- not swapped => tv1 expected, ty2 inferred
1507 -- tv1 and ty2 are zonked already
1510 msg = (env2, ptext SLIT("When matching the kinds of") <+>
1511 sep [quotes pp_expected <+> ptext SLIT("and"), quotes pp_actual])
1513 (pp_expected, pp_actual) | swapped = (pp2, pp1)
1514 | otherwise = (pp1, pp2)
1515 (env1, tv1') = tidyOpenTyVar tidy_env tv1
1516 (env2, ty2') = tidyOpenType env1 ty2
1517 pp1 = ppr tv1' <+> dcolon <+> ppr (tyVarKind tv1)
1518 pp2 = ppr ty2' <+> dcolon <+> ppr (typeKind ty2)
1520 unifyMisMatch outer swapped ty1 ty2
1521 = do { (env, msg) <- if swapped then misMatchMsg ty1 ty2
1522 else misMatchMsg ty2 ty1
1524 -- This is the whole point of the 'outer' stuff
1525 ; if outer then popErrCtxt (failWithTcM (env, msg))
1526 else failWithTcM (env, msg)
1530 = do { env0 <- tcInitTidyEnv
1531 ; (env1, pp1, extra1) <- ppr_ty env0 ty1
1532 ; (env2, pp2, extra2) <- ppr_ty env1 ty2
1533 ; return (env2, sep [sep [ptext SLIT("Couldn't match expected type") <+> pp1,
1534 nest 7 (ptext SLIT("against inferred type") <+> pp2)],
1535 nest 2 extra1, nest 2 extra2]) }
1537 ppr_ty :: TidyEnv -> TcType -> TcM (TidyEnv, SDoc, SDoc)
1539 = do { ty' <- zonkTcType ty
1540 ; let (env1,tidy_ty) = tidyOpenType env ty'
1541 simple_result = (env1, quotes (ppr tidy_ty), empty)
1544 | isSkolemTyVar tv || isSigTyVar tv
1545 -> return (env2, pp_rigid tv', pprSkolTvBinding tv')
1546 | otherwise -> return simple_result
1548 (env2, tv') = tidySkolemTyVar env1 tv
1549 other -> return simple_result }
1551 pp_rigid tv = quotes (ppr tv) <+> parens (ptext SLIT("a rigid variable"))
1555 = do { ty' <- zonkTcType ty
1556 ; env0 <- tcInitTidyEnv
1557 ; let (env1, tidy_ty) = tidyOpenType env0 ty'
1558 msg = ptext SLIT("Cannot match a monotype with") <+> quotes (ppr tidy_ty)
1559 ; failWithTcM (env1, msg) }
1562 = do { env0 <- tcInitTidyEnv
1563 ; ty' <- zonkTcType ty
1564 ; let (env1, tidy_tyvar) = tidyOpenTyVar env0 tyvar
1565 (env2, tidy_ty) = tidyOpenType env1 ty'
1566 extra = sep [ppr tidy_tyvar, char '=', ppr tidy_ty]
1567 ; failWithTcM (env2, hang msg 2 extra) }
1569 msg = ptext SLIT("Occurs check: cannot construct the infinite type:")
1573 %************************************************************************
1577 %************************************************************************
1579 Unifying kinds is much, much simpler than unifying types.
1582 unifyKind :: TcKind -- Expected
1585 unifyKind (TyConApp kc1 []) (TyConApp kc2 [])
1586 | isSubKindCon kc2 kc1 = returnM ()
1588 unifyKind (FunTy a1 r1) (FunTy a2 r2)
1589 = do { unifyKind a2 a1; unifyKind r1 r2 }
1590 -- Notice the flip in the argument,
1591 -- so that the sub-kinding works right
1592 unifyKind (TyVarTy kv1) k2 = uKVar False kv1 k2
1593 unifyKind k1 (TyVarTy kv2) = uKVar True kv2 k1
1594 unifyKind k1 k2 = unifyKindMisMatch k1 k2
1596 unifyKinds :: [TcKind] -> [TcKind] -> TcM ()
1597 unifyKinds [] [] = returnM ()
1598 unifyKinds (k1:ks1) (k2:ks2) = unifyKind k1 k2 `thenM_`
1600 unifyKinds _ _ = panic "unifyKinds: length mis-match"
1603 uKVar :: Bool -> KindVar -> TcKind -> TcM ()
1604 uKVar swapped kv1 k2
1605 = do { mb_k1 <- readKindVar kv1
1607 Flexi -> uUnboundKVar swapped kv1 k2
1608 Indirect k1 | swapped -> unifyKind k2 k1
1609 | otherwise -> unifyKind k1 k2 }
1612 uUnboundKVar :: Bool -> KindVar -> TcKind -> TcM ()
1613 uUnboundKVar swapped kv1 k2@(TyVarTy kv2)
1614 | kv1 == kv2 = returnM ()
1615 | otherwise -- Distinct kind variables
1616 = do { mb_k2 <- readKindVar kv2
1618 Indirect k2 -> uUnboundKVar swapped kv1 k2
1619 Flexi -> writeKindVar kv1 k2 }
1621 uUnboundKVar swapped kv1 non_var_k2
1622 = do { k2' <- zonkTcKind non_var_k2
1623 ; kindOccurCheck kv1 k2'
1624 ; k2'' <- kindSimpleKind swapped k2'
1625 -- KindVars must be bound only to simple kinds
1626 -- Polarities: (kindSimpleKind True ?) succeeds
1627 -- returning *, corresponding to unifying
1630 ; writeKindVar kv1 k2'' }
1633 kindOccurCheck kv1 k2 -- k2 is zonked
1634 = checkTc (not_in k2) (kindOccurCheckErr kv1 k2)
1636 not_in (TyVarTy kv2) = kv1 /= kv2
1637 not_in (FunTy a2 r2) = not_in a2 && not_in r2
1640 kindSimpleKind :: Bool -> Kind -> TcM SimpleKind
1641 -- (kindSimpleKind True k) returns a simple kind sk such that sk <: k
1642 -- If the flag is False, it requires k <: sk
1643 -- E.g. kindSimpleKind False ?? = *
1644 -- What about (kv -> *) :=: ?? -> *
1645 kindSimpleKind orig_swapped orig_kind
1646 = go orig_swapped orig_kind
1648 go sw (FunTy k1 k2) = do { k1' <- go (not sw) k1
1650 ; return (mkArrowKind k1' k2') }
1652 | isOpenTypeKind k = return liftedTypeKind
1653 | isArgTypeKind k = return liftedTypeKind
1655 | isLiftedTypeKind k = return liftedTypeKind
1656 | isUnliftedTypeKind k = return unliftedTypeKind
1657 go sw k@(TyVarTy _) = return k -- KindVars are always simple
1658 go swapped kind = failWithTc (ptext SLIT("Unexpected kind unification failure:")
1659 <+> ppr orig_swapped <+> ppr orig_kind)
1660 -- I think this can't actually happen
1662 -- T v = MkT v v must be a type
1663 -- T v w = MkT (v -> w) v must not be an umboxed tuple
1666 kindOccurCheckErr tyvar ty
1667 = hang (ptext SLIT("Occurs check: cannot construct the infinite kind:"))
1668 2 (sep [ppr tyvar, char '=', ppr ty])
1670 unifyKindMisMatch ty1 ty2
1671 = zonkTcKind ty1 `thenM` \ ty1' ->
1672 zonkTcKind ty2 `thenM` \ ty2' ->
1674 msg = hang (ptext SLIT("Couldn't match kind"))
1675 2 (sep [quotes (ppr ty1'),
1676 ptext SLIT("against"),
1683 unifyFunKind :: TcKind -> TcM (Maybe (TcKind, TcKind))
1684 -- Like unifyFunTy, but does not fail; instead just returns Nothing
1686 unifyFunKind (TyVarTy kvar)
1687 = readKindVar kvar `thenM` \ maybe_kind ->
1689 Indirect fun_kind -> unifyFunKind fun_kind
1691 do { arg_kind <- newKindVar
1692 ; res_kind <- newKindVar
1693 ; writeKindVar kvar (mkArrowKind arg_kind res_kind)
1694 ; returnM (Just (arg_kind,res_kind)) }
1696 unifyFunKind (FunTy arg_kind res_kind) = returnM (Just (arg_kind,res_kind))
1697 unifyFunKind other = returnM Nothing
1700 %************************************************************************
1704 %************************************************************************
1706 ---------------------------
1707 -- We would like to get a decent error message from
1708 -- (a) Under-applied type constructors
1709 -- f :: (Maybe, Maybe)
1710 -- (b) Over-applied type constructors
1711 -- f :: Int x -> Int x
1715 checkExpectedKind :: Outputable a => a -> TcKind -> TcKind -> TcM ()
1716 -- A fancy wrapper for 'unifyKind', which tries
1717 -- to give decent error messages.
1718 checkExpectedKind ty act_kind exp_kind
1719 | act_kind `isSubKind` exp_kind -- Short cut for a very common case
1722 = tryTc (unifyKind exp_kind act_kind) `thenM` \ (_errs, mb_r) ->
1724 Just r -> returnM () ; -- Unification succeeded
1727 -- So there's definitely an error
1728 -- Now to find out what sort
1729 zonkTcKind exp_kind `thenM` \ exp_kind ->
1730 zonkTcKind act_kind `thenM` \ act_kind ->
1732 tcInitTidyEnv `thenM` \ env0 ->
1733 let (exp_as, _) = splitKindFunTys exp_kind
1734 (act_as, _) = splitKindFunTys act_kind
1735 n_exp_as = length exp_as
1736 n_act_as = length act_as
1738 (env1, tidy_exp_kind) = tidyKind env0 exp_kind
1739 (env2, tidy_act_kind) = tidyKind env1 act_kind
1741 err | n_exp_as < n_act_as -- E.g. [Maybe]
1742 = quotes (ppr ty) <+> ptext SLIT("is not applied to enough type arguments")
1744 -- Now n_exp_as >= n_act_as. In the next two cases,
1745 -- n_exp_as == 0, and hence so is n_act_as
1746 | isLiftedTypeKind exp_kind && isUnliftedTypeKind act_kind
1747 = ptext SLIT("Expecting a lifted type, but") <+> quotes (ppr ty)
1748 <+> ptext SLIT("is unlifted")
1750 | isUnliftedTypeKind exp_kind && isLiftedTypeKind act_kind
1751 = ptext SLIT("Expecting an unlifted type, but") <+> quotes (ppr ty)
1752 <+> ptext SLIT("is lifted")
1754 | otherwise -- E.g. Monad [Int]
1755 = ptext SLIT("Kind mis-match")
1757 more_info = sep [ ptext SLIT("Expected kind") <+>
1758 quotes (pprKind tidy_exp_kind) <> comma,
1759 ptext SLIT("but") <+> quotes (ppr ty) <+>
1760 ptext SLIT("has kind") <+> quotes (pprKind tidy_act_kind)]
1762 failWithTcM (env2, err $$ more_info)
1766 %************************************************************************
1768 \subsection{Checking signature type variables}
1770 %************************************************************************
1772 @checkSigTyVars@ checks that a set of universally quantified type varaibles
1773 are not mentioned in the environment. In particular:
1775 (a) Not mentioned in the type of a variable in the envt
1776 eg the signature for f in this:
1782 Here, f is forced to be monorphic by the free occurence of x.
1784 (d) Not (unified with another type variable that is) in scope.
1785 eg f x :: (r->r) = (\y->y) :: forall a. a->r
1786 when checking the expression type signature, we find that
1787 even though there is nothing in scope whose type mentions r,
1788 nevertheless the type signature for the expression isn't right.
1790 Another example is in a class or instance declaration:
1792 op :: forall b. a -> b
1794 Here, b gets unified with a
1796 Before doing this, the substitution is applied to the signature type variable.
1799 checkSigTyVars :: [TcTyVar] -> TcM ()
1800 checkSigTyVars sig_tvs = check_sig_tyvars emptyVarSet sig_tvs
1802 checkSigTyVarsWrt :: TcTyVarSet -> [TcTyVar] -> TcM ()
1803 -- The extra_tvs can include boxy type variables;
1804 -- e.g. TcMatches.tcCheckExistentialPat
1805 checkSigTyVarsWrt extra_tvs sig_tvs
1806 = do { extra_tvs' <- zonkTcTyVarsAndFV (varSetElems extra_tvs)
1807 ; check_sig_tyvars extra_tvs' sig_tvs }
1810 :: TcTyVarSet -- Global type variables. The universally quantified
1811 -- tyvars should not mention any of these
1812 -- Guaranteed already zonked.
1813 -> [TcTyVar] -- Universally-quantified type variables in the signature
1814 -- Guaranteed to be skolems
1816 check_sig_tyvars extra_tvs []
1818 check_sig_tyvars extra_tvs sig_tvs
1819 = ASSERT( all isSkolemTyVar sig_tvs )
1820 do { gbl_tvs <- tcGetGlobalTyVars
1821 ; traceTc (text "check_sig_tyvars" <+> (vcat [text "sig_tys" <+> ppr sig_tvs,
1822 text "gbl_tvs" <+> ppr gbl_tvs,
1823 text "extra_tvs" <+> ppr extra_tvs]))
1825 ; let env_tvs = gbl_tvs `unionVarSet` extra_tvs
1826 ; ifM (any (`elemVarSet` env_tvs) sig_tvs)
1827 (bleatEscapedTvs env_tvs sig_tvs sig_tvs)
1830 bleatEscapedTvs :: TcTyVarSet -- The global tvs
1831 -> [TcTyVar] -- The possibly-escaping type variables
1832 -> [TcTyVar] -- The zonked versions thereof
1834 -- Complain about escaping type variables
1835 -- We pass a list of type variables, at least one of which
1836 -- escapes. The first list contains the original signature type variable,
1837 -- while the second contains the type variable it is unified to (usually itself)
1838 bleatEscapedTvs globals sig_tvs zonked_tvs
1839 = do { env0 <- tcInitTidyEnv
1840 ; let (env1, tidy_tvs) = tidyOpenTyVars env0 sig_tvs
1841 (env2, tidy_zonked_tvs) = tidyOpenTyVars env1 zonked_tvs
1843 ; (env3, msgs) <- foldlM check (env2, []) (tidy_tvs `zip` tidy_zonked_tvs)
1844 ; failWithTcM (env3, main_msg $$ nest 2 (vcat msgs)) }
1846 main_msg = ptext SLIT("Inferred type is less polymorphic than expected")
1848 check (tidy_env, msgs) (sig_tv, zonked_tv)
1849 | not (zonked_tv `elemVarSet` globals) = return (tidy_env, msgs)
1851 = do { (tidy_env1, globs) <- findGlobals (unitVarSet zonked_tv) tidy_env
1852 ; returnM (tidy_env1, escape_msg sig_tv zonked_tv globs : msgs) }
1854 -----------------------
1855 escape_msg sig_tv zonked_tv globs
1857 = vcat [sep [msg, ptext SLIT("is mentioned in the environment:")],
1858 nest 2 (vcat globs)]
1860 = msg <+> ptext SLIT("escapes")
1861 -- Sigh. It's really hard to give a good error message
1862 -- all the time. One bad case is an existential pattern match.
1863 -- We rely on the "When..." context to help.
1865 msg = ptext SLIT("Quantified type variable") <+> quotes (ppr sig_tv) <+> is_bound_to
1867 | sig_tv == zonked_tv = empty
1868 | otherwise = ptext SLIT("is unified with") <+> quotes (ppr zonked_tv) <+> ptext SLIT("which")
1871 These two context are used with checkSigTyVars
1874 sigCtxt :: Id -> [TcTyVar] -> TcThetaType -> TcTauType
1875 -> TidyEnv -> TcM (TidyEnv, Message)
1876 sigCtxt id sig_tvs sig_theta sig_tau tidy_env
1877 = zonkTcType sig_tau `thenM` \ actual_tau ->
1879 (env1, tidy_sig_tvs) = tidyOpenTyVars tidy_env sig_tvs
1880 (env2, tidy_sig_rho) = tidyOpenType env1 (mkPhiTy sig_theta sig_tau)
1881 (env3, tidy_actual_tau) = tidyOpenType env2 actual_tau
1882 sub_msg = vcat [ptext SLIT("Signature type: ") <+> pprType (mkForAllTys tidy_sig_tvs tidy_sig_rho),
1883 ptext SLIT("Type to generalise:") <+> pprType tidy_actual_tau
1885 msg = vcat [ptext SLIT("When trying to generalise the type inferred for") <+> quotes (ppr id),