1 package org.ibex.nestedvm;
5 import org.ibex.nestedvm.util.*;
6 import org.ibex.classgen.*;
8 // FEATURE: Eliminate unnecessary use of SWAP
9 // FEATURE: Put regs in low (<=3) local vars, small classfile size
11 /* FEATURE: Span large binaries across several classfiles
12 * We should be able to do this with no performance penalty
13 * Every method in the inner classes is static and takes the main class as an arg
14 * This makes them look just like methods in the main class because arg1 gets loaded into
18 /* FEATURE: smarter with local regs
19 * Be even smarter with the use of local registers. We need to only load fields into
20 * local regs when they are actually used and only write to fields if the regs could have
21 * changed. This should allow us to put more regs in local vars. Right now putting all used
22 * regs local vars makes code like this slower.
24 * void work(int a, int b) {
31 * Because all the regs used in "real work" are loaded/restored even for fast path
35 public class ClassFileCompiler extends Compiler implements CGConst {
36 private static final boolean OPTIMIZE_CP = true;
38 /** The stream to write the compiled output to */
39 private OutputStream os;
41 private PrintStream warn = System.err;
43 private final Type.Object me;
46 private MethodGen clinit, init;
48 public ClassFileCompiler(String path, String className, OutputStream os) throws IOException { this(new Seekable.File(path),className,os); }
49 public ClassFileCompiler(Seekable binary, String className, OutputStream os) throws IOException {
50 this(binary,className);
51 if(os == null) throw new NullPointerException();
54 public ClassFileCompiler(Seekable binary, String className, File outDir) throws IOException {
55 this(binary,className);
56 if(outDir == null) throw new NullPointerException();
59 private ClassFileCompiler(Seekable binary, String className) throws IOException {
60 super(binary,className);
61 me = new Type.Object(fullClassName);
64 public void setWarnWriter(PrintStream warn) { this.warn = warn; }
66 protected void _go() throws Exn, IOException {
69 } catch(ClassGen.Exn e) {
70 e.printStackTrace(warn);
71 throw new Exn("Class generation exception: " + e.toString());
75 private void __go() throws Exn, IOException {
76 if(!pruneCases) throw new Exn("-o prunecases MUST be enabled for ClassFileCompiler");
79 Type.Object superClass = new Type.Object(runtimeClass);
80 cg = new ClassGen(me,superClass,ACC_PUBLIC|ACC_FINAL|ACC_SUPER);
81 if(source != null) cg.setSourceFile(source);
84 cg.addField("pc",Type.INT,ACC_PRIVATE);
85 cg.addField("hi",Type.INT,ACC_PRIVATE);
86 cg.addField("lo",Type.INT,ACC_PRIVATE);
87 cg.addField("fcsr",Type.INT,ACC_PRIVATE);
88 for(int i=1;i<32;i++) cg.addField("r" + i,Type.INT,ACC_PRIVATE);
89 for(int i=0;i<32;i++) cg.addField("f" + i,singleFloat ? Type.FLOAT : Type.INT,ACC_PRIVATE);
92 clinit = cg.addMethod("<clinit>",Type.VOID,Type.NO_ARGS,ACC_PRIVATE|ACC_STATIC);
95 init = cg.addMethod("<init>",Type.VOID,Type.NO_ARGS,ACC_PUBLIC);
97 init.add(LDC,pageSize);
98 init.add(LDC,totalPages);
99 init.add(INVOKESPECIAL,new MethodRef(me,"<init>",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.INT,Type.INT}));
102 init = cg.addMethod("<init>",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.INT,Type.INT},ACC_PUBLIC);
106 init.add(INVOKESPECIAL,new MethodRef(superClass,"<init>",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.INT,Type.INT}));
109 cg.addField("page",Type.arrayType(Type.INT),ACC_PRIVATE|ACC_FINAL);
112 init.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(me,"readPages",Type.arrayType(Type.INT,2)));
115 init.add(PUTFIELD,new FieldRef(me,"page",Type.arrayType(Type.INT)));
119 cg.addField("symbols",new Type.Object(hashClass),ACC_PRIVATE|ACC_STATIC|ACC_FINAL);
123 for(int i=0;i<elf.sheaders.length;i++) {
124 ELF.SHeader sheader = elf.sheaders[i];
125 String name = sheader.name;
126 // if this section doesn't get loaded into our address space don't worry about it
127 if(sheader.addr == 0x0) continue;
129 highestAddr = Math.max(highestAddr, sheader.addr + sheader.size);
131 if(name.equals(".text"))
132 emitText(sheader.addr, new DataInputStream(sheader.getInputStream()),sheader.size);
133 else if(name.equals(".data") || name.equals(".sdata") || name.equals(".rodata") || name.equals(".ctors") || name.equals(".dtors"))
134 emitData(sheader.addr, new DataInputStream(sheader.getInputStream()), sheader.size,name.equals(".rodata"));
135 else if(name.equals(".bss") || name.equals(".sbss"))
136 emitBSS(sheader.addr,sheader.size);
138 throw new Exn("Unknown segment: " + name);
146 Type.Object hash = new Type.Object(hashClass);
147 clinit.add(NEW,hash);
150 clinit.add(INVOKESPECIAL,new MethodRef(hash,"<init>",Type.VOID,Type.NO_ARGS));
151 clinit.add(PUTSTATIC,new FieldRef(me,"symbols",hash));
152 ELF.Symbol[] symbols = elf.getSymtab().symbols;
153 for(int i=0;i<symbols.length;i++) {
154 ELF.Symbol s = symbols[i];
155 if(s.type == ELF.Symbol.STT_FUNC && s.binding == ELF.Symbol.STB_GLOBAL && (s.name.equals("_call_helper") || !s.name.startsWith("_"))) {
157 clinit.add(LDC,s.name);
158 clinit.add(NEW,Type.INTEGER_OBJECT);
160 clinit.add(LDC,s.addr);
161 clinit.add(INVOKESPECIAL,new MethodRef(Type.INTEGER_OBJECT,"<init>",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.INT}));
162 clinit.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(hash,"put",Type.OBJECT,new Type[]{Type.OBJECT,Type.OBJECT}));
171 ELF.SHeader text = elf.sectionWithName(".text");
174 MethodGen tramp = cg.addMethod("trampoline",Type.VOID,Type.NO_ARGS,ACC_PRIVATE);
176 int start = tramp.size();
178 tramp.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(me,"state",Type.INT));
179 tramp.add(IFEQ,tramp.size()+2);
184 tramp.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(me,"pc",Type.INT));
185 tramp.add(LDC,methodShift);
188 int beg = text.addr >>> methodShift;
189 int end = ((text.addr + text.size + maxBytesPerMethod - 1) >>> methodShift);
191 MethodGen.TSI tsi = new MethodGen.TSI(beg,end-1);
192 tramp.add(TABLESWITCH,tsi);
193 for(int n=beg;n<end;n++) {
194 tsi.setTargetForVal(n,tramp.size());
195 tramp.add(INVOKESPECIAL,new MethodRef(me,"run_"+toHex(n<<methodShift),Type.VOID,Type.NO_ARGS));
196 tramp.add(GOTO,start);
198 tsi.setDefaultTarget(tramp.size());
201 tramp.add(NEW,new Type.Object("org.ibex.nestedvm.Runtime$ExecutionException"));
203 tramp.add(NEW, Type.STRINGBUFFER);
205 tramp.add(LDC,"Jumped to invalid address in trampoline (r2: ");
206 tramp.add(INVOKESPECIAL,new MethodRef(Type.STRINGBUFFER,"<init>",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.STRING}));
208 tramp.add(GETFIELD, new FieldRef(me,"r2",Type.INT));
209 tramp.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(Type.STRINGBUFFER,"append",Type.STRINGBUFFER,new Type[]{Type.INT}));
210 tramp.add(LDC," pc: ");
211 tramp.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(Type.STRINGBUFFER,"append",Type.STRINGBUFFER,new Type[]{Type.STRING}));
213 tramp.add(GETFIELD, new FieldRef(me,"pc",Type.INT));
214 tramp.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(Type.STRINGBUFFER,"append",Type.STRINGBUFFER,new Type[]{Type.INT}));
216 tramp.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(Type.STRINGBUFFER,"append",Type.STRINGBUFFER,new Type[]{Type.STRING}));
217 tramp.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(Type.STRINGBUFFER,"toString",Type.STRING,Type.NO_ARGS));
218 tramp.add(INVOKESPECIAL,new MethodRef(new Type.Object("org.ibex.nestedvm.Runtime$ExecutionException"),"<init>",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.STRING}));
225 } catch(ClassGen.Exn e) {
226 e.printStackTrace(warn);
227 throw new Exn("Generation of the trampoline method failed. Try increasing maxInsnPerMethod");
231 addConstReturnMethod("gp",gp.addr);
232 addConstReturnMethod("entryPoint",elf.header.entry);
233 addConstReturnMethod("heapStart",highestAddr);
235 if(userInfo != null) {
236 addConstReturnMethod("userInfoBase",userInfo.addr);
237 addConstReturnMethod("userInfoSize",userInfo.size);
241 Type.Object hashClassType = new Type.Object(hashClass);
242 MethodGen ls = cg.addMethod("lookupSymbol",Type.INT,new Type[]{Type.STRING},ACC_PROTECTED);
243 ls.add(GETSTATIC,new FieldRef(me,"symbols",hashClassType));
245 ls.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(hashClassType,"get",Type.OBJECT,new Type[]{Type.OBJECT}));
247 int b = ls.add(IFNULL);
248 ls.add(CHECKCAST,Type.INTEGER_OBJECT);
249 ls.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(Type.INTEGER_OBJECT,"intValue",Type.INT,Type.NO_ARGS));
251 ls.setArg(b,ls.size());
257 Type.Object cpuStateType = new Type.Object("org.ibex.nestedvm.Runtime$CPUState");
258 MethodGen setCPUState = cg.addMethod("setCPUState",Type.VOID,new Type[]{cpuStateType},ACC_PROTECTED);
259 MethodGen getCPUState = cg.addMethod("getCPUState",Type.VOID,new Type[]{cpuStateType},ACC_PROTECTED);
261 setCPUState.add(ALOAD_1);
262 getCPUState.add(ALOAD_1);
263 setCPUState.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(cpuStateType,"r",Type.arrayType(Type.INT)));
264 getCPUState.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(cpuStateType,"r",Type.arrayType(Type.INT)));
265 setCPUState.add(ASTORE_2);
266 getCPUState.add(ASTORE_2);
268 for(int i=1;i<32;i++) {
269 setCPUState.add(ALOAD_0);
270 setCPUState.add(ALOAD_2);
271 setCPUState.add(LDC,i);
272 setCPUState.add(IALOAD);
273 setCPUState.add(PUTFIELD,new FieldRef(me,"r"+i,Type.INT));
275 getCPUState.add(ALOAD_2);
276 getCPUState.add(LDC,i);
277 getCPUState.add(ALOAD_0);
278 getCPUState.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(me,"r"+i,Type.INT));
279 getCPUState.add(IASTORE);
282 setCPUState.add(ALOAD_1);
283 getCPUState.add(ALOAD_1);
284 setCPUState.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(cpuStateType,"f",Type.arrayType(Type.INT)));
285 getCPUState.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(cpuStateType,"f",Type.arrayType(Type.INT)));
286 setCPUState.add(ASTORE_2);
287 getCPUState.add(ASTORE_2);
289 for(int i=0;i<32;i++) {
290 setCPUState.add(ALOAD_0);
291 setCPUState.add(ALOAD_2);
292 setCPUState.add(LDC,i);
293 setCPUState.add(IALOAD);
294 if(singleFloat) setCPUState.add(INVOKESTATIC,new MethodRef(Type.FLOAT_OBJECT,"intBitsToFloat",Type.FLOAT,new Type[]{Type.INT}));
295 setCPUState.add(PUTFIELD,new FieldRef(me,"f"+i,singleFloat ? Type.FLOAT : Type.INT));
297 getCPUState.add(ALOAD_2);
298 getCPUState.add(LDC,i);
299 getCPUState.add(ALOAD_0);
300 getCPUState.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(me,"f"+i,singleFloat ? Type.FLOAT: Type.INT));
301 if(singleFloat) getCPUState.add(INVOKESTATIC,new MethodRef(Type.FLOAT_OBJECT,"floatToIntBits",Type.INT,new Type[]{Type.FLOAT}));
302 getCPUState.add(IASTORE);
305 String[] each = new String[] { "hi","lo","fcsr","pc" };
306 for(int i=0;i<each.length;i++) {
307 setCPUState.add(ALOAD_0);
308 setCPUState.add(ALOAD_1);
309 setCPUState.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(cpuStateType,each[i],Type.INT));
310 setCPUState.add(PUTFIELD,new FieldRef(me,each[i],Type.INT));
312 getCPUState.add(ALOAD_1);
313 getCPUState.add(ALOAD_0);
314 getCPUState.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(me,each[i],Type.INT));
315 getCPUState.add(PUTFIELD,new FieldRef(cpuStateType,each[i],Type.INT));
317 setCPUState.add(RETURN);
318 getCPUState.add(RETURN);
321 MethodGen execute = cg.addMethod("_execute",Type.VOID,Type.NO_ARGS,ACC_PROTECTED);
322 int tryStart = execute.size();
323 execute.add(ALOAD_0);
324 execute.add(INVOKESPECIAL,new MethodRef(me,"trampoline",Type.VOID,Type.NO_ARGS));
325 int tryEnd = execute.size();
328 int catchInsn = execute.size();
329 execute.add(ASTORE_1);
330 execute.add(NEW, new Type.Object("org.ibex.nestedvm.Runtime$FaultException"));
332 execute.add(ALOAD_1);
333 execute.add(INVOKESPECIAL,new MethodRef("org.ibex.nestedvm.Runtime$FaultException","<init>",Type.VOID,new Type[]{new Type.Object("java.lang.RuntimeException")}));
336 execute.addExceptionHandler(tryStart,tryEnd,catchInsn,new Type.Object("java.lang.RuntimeException"));
337 execute.addThrow(new Type.Object("org.ibex.nestedvm.Runtime$ExecutionException"));
339 MethodGen main = cg.addMethod("main",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.arrayType(Type.STRING)},ACC_STATIC|ACC_PUBLIC);
342 main.add(INVOKESPECIAL,new MethodRef(me,"<init>",Type.VOID,Type.NO_ARGS));
343 main.add(LDC,fullClassName);
346 Type.Object ur = new Type.Object("org.ibex.nestedvm.UnixRuntime");
347 main.add(INVOKESTATIC,new MethodRef(ur,"runAndExec",Type.INT,new Type[]{ur,Type.STRING,Type.arrayType(Type.STRING)}));
349 main.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(me,"run",Type.INT,new Type[]{Type.STRING,Type.arrayType(Type.STRING)}));
351 main.add(INVOKESTATIC,new MethodRef(new Type.Object("java.lang.System"),"exit",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.INT}));
355 if(!outDir.isDirectory()) throw new IOException("" + outDir + " isn't a directory");
362 private void addConstReturnMethod(String name, int val) {
363 MethodGen m = cg.addMethod(name,Type.INT,Type.NO_ARGS,ACC_PROTECTED);
368 private static int initDataCount;
369 private void emitData(int addr, DataInputStream dis, int size, boolean readOnly) throws Exn,IOException {
370 if((addr&3)!=0 || (size&3)!=0) throw new Exn("Data section on weird boundaries");
371 int last = addr + size;
373 int segSize = Math.min(size,28000); // must be a multiple of 56
374 StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
375 for(int i=0;i<segSize;i+=7) {
377 for(int j=0;j<7;j++) {
379 byte b = (i+j < size) ? dis.readByte() : 1;
383 sb.append((char) ((l>>>(7*(7-j)))&0x7f));
385 String fieldname = "_data" + (++initDataCount);
386 cg.addField(fieldname,Type.arrayType(Type.INT),ACC_PRIVATE|ACC_STATIC|ACC_FINAL);
388 clinit.add(LDC,sb.toString());
389 clinit.add(LDC,segSize/4);
390 clinit.add(INVOKESTATIC,new MethodRef(new Type.Object("org.ibex.nestedvm.Runtime"),"decodeData",Type.arrayType(Type.INT),new Type[]{Type.STRING,Type.INT}));
391 clinit.add(PUTSTATIC,new FieldRef(me,fieldname,Type.arrayType(Type.INT)));
394 init.add(GETSTATIC,new FieldRef(me,fieldname,Type.arrayType(Type.INT)));
396 init.add(LDC,readOnly ? 1 : 0);
397 init.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(me,"initPages",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.arrayType(Type.INT),Type.INT,Type.BOOLEAN}));
405 private void emitBSS(int addr, int size) throws Exn {
406 if((addr&3)!=0) throw new Exn("BSS section on weird boundaries");
413 init.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(me,"clearPages",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.INT,Type.INT}));
417 private int startOfMethod = 0; // the start of this method (not necessarily the first instruction)
418 private int endOfMethod = 0; // the maximum end of this method (could end before it is full)
420 private MethodGen.PhantomTarget returnTarget; // where to jump when exiting the method
421 private MethodGen.PhantomTarget defaultTarget; // the default switch target (throws exn)
422 private MethodGen.PhantomTarget[] insnTargets; // the targets for each jumpable instruction
423 private MethodGen mg; // the method itself
425 private boolean jumpable(int addr) { return jumpableAddresses.get(new Integer(addr)) != null; }
427 private static final int UNREACHABLE = 1;
428 private static final int SKIP_NEXT = 2;
430 private boolean textDone; // a text segment was already processed
431 private void emitText(int addr, DataInputStream dis, int size) throws Exn,IOException {
432 if(textDone) throw new Exn("Multiple text segments");
435 if((addr&3)!=0 || (size&3)!=0) throw new Exn("Section on weird boundaries");
437 int insn,nextInsn=-1;
439 boolean skipNext = true;
440 boolean unreachable = false;
442 for(int i=0;i<count;i++,addr+=4) {
443 insn = skipNext ? dis.readInt() : nextInsn;
444 nextInsn = (i == count-1) ? -1 : dis.readInt();
445 if(addr >= endOfMethod) { endMethod(addr,unreachable); startMethod(addr); }
446 if(insnTargets[i%maxInsnPerMethod] != null) {
447 insnTargets[i%maxInsnPerMethod].setTarget(mg.size());
449 } else if(unreachable) {
453 int ret = emitInstruction(addr,insn,nextInsn);
454 unreachable = (ret & UNREACHABLE) != 0;
455 skipNext = (ret & SKIP_NEXT) != 0;
457 e.printStackTrace(warn);
458 warn.println("Exception at " + toHex(addr));
460 } catch(RuntimeException e) {
461 warn.println("Exception at " + toHex(addr));
464 if(skipNext) { addr+=4; i++; }
466 endMethod(0,unreachable);
470 private void startMethod(int first) {
471 startOfMethod = first & methodMask;
472 endOfMethod = startOfMethod + maxBytesPerMethod;
474 mg = cg.addMethod("run_" + toHex(startOfMethod),Type.VOID,Type.NO_ARGS,ACC_PRIVATE|ACC_FINAL);
477 mg.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(me,"page",Type.arrayType(Type.INT)));
481 mg.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(me,"readPages",Type.arrayType(Type.INT,2)));
484 mg.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(me,"writePages",Type.arrayType(Type.INT,2)));
488 returnTarget = new MethodGen.PhantomTarget();
489 insnTargets = new MethodGen.PhantomTarget[maxBytesPerMethod/4];
491 int[] buf = new int[maxBytesPerMethod/4];
492 Object[] targetBuf = new Object[maxBytesPerMethod/4];
494 for(int addr=first;addr<endOfMethod;addr+=4) {
496 targetBuf[n] = insnTargets[(addr-startOfMethod)/4] = new MethodGen.PhantomTarget();
502 MethodGen.LSI lsi = new MethodGen.LSI(n);
503 System.arraycopy(buf,0,lsi.vals,0,n);
504 System.arraycopy(targetBuf,0,lsi.targets,0,n);
505 lsi.setDefaultTarget(defaultTarget = new MethodGen.PhantomTarget());
510 mg.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(me,"pc",Type.INT));
511 mg.add(LOOKUPSWITCH,lsi);
514 private void endMethod(int firstAddrOfNext,boolean unreachable) {
515 if(startOfMethod == 0) return;
519 mg.add(LDC,firstAddrOfNext);
521 // mark the start of the next method as jumpable
522 jumpableAddresses.put(new Integer(firstAddrOfNext),Boolean.TRUE);
525 returnTarget.setTarget(mg.size());
531 defaultTarget.setTarget(mg.size());
534 mg.add(NEW,new Type.Object("org.ibex.nestedvm.Runtime$ExecutionException"));
536 mg.add(NEW,Type.STRINGBUFFER);
538 mg.add(LDC,"Jumped to invalid address: ");
539 mg.add(INVOKESPECIAL,new MethodRef(Type.STRINGBUFFER,"<init>",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.STRING}));
541 mg.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(me,"pc",Type.INT));
542 mg.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(Type.STRINGBUFFER,"append",Type.STRINGBUFFER,new Type[]{Type.INT}));
543 mg.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(Type.STRINGBUFFER,"toString",Type.STRING,Type.NO_ARGS));
544 mg.add(INVOKESPECIAL,new MethodRef(new Type.Object("org.ibex.nestedvm.Runtime$ExecutionException"),"<init>",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.STRING}));
547 mg.add(NEW,new Type.Object("org.ibex.nestedvm.Runtime$ExecutionException"));
549 mg.add(LDC,"Jumped to invalid address");
550 mg.add(INVOKESPECIAL,new MethodRef(new Type.Object("org.ibex.nestedvm.Runtime$ExecutionException"),"<init>",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.STRING}));
554 endOfMethod = startOfMethod = 0;
558 private void leaveMethod() {
559 mg.add(GOTO,returnTarget);
562 private void link(int mypc) {
565 int ref = (mypc+8 + 32768) & ~65535;
566 int diff = (mypc+8) - ref;
567 if(diff < -32768 || diff > 32767) throw new Error("should never happen " + diff);
577 private void branch(int pc, int target) {
578 if((pc&methodMask) == (target&methodMask)) {
579 mg.add(GOTO,insnTargets[(target-startOfMethod)/4]);
588 // This assumes everything needed by ifInsn is already on the stack
589 private int doIfInstruction(byte op, int pc, int target, int nextInsn) throws Exn {
590 emitInstruction(-1,nextInsn,-1); // delay slot
591 if((target&methodMask) == (pc&methodMask)) {
592 mg.add(op,insnTargets[(target-startOfMethod)/4]);
594 int h = mg.add(MethodGen.negate(op));
596 mg.setArg(h,mg.size());
598 if(!jumpable(pc+4)) return SKIP_NEXT; // done - skip it
600 //System.err.println("Delay slot is jumpable - This code is untested + " + toHex(nextInsn));
601 if(pc+4==endOfMethod) {
602 // the delay slot is at the start of the next method
603 jumpableAddresses.put(new Integer(pc+8),Boolean.TRUE); // make the 2nd insn of the next method jumpable
604 branch(pc,pc+8); // jump over it
605 //System.err.println("delay slot: " + toHex(pc+8)); */
606 //unreachable = true;
607 //return false; // we still need to output it
610 //System.err.println("jumped over delay slot: " + toHex(pc+4));
611 // add another copy and jump over
613 int b = mg.add(GOTO);
614 insnTargets[(pc+4-startOfMethod)/4].setTarget(mg.size());
615 emitInstruction(-1,nextInsn,01); // delay slot
616 mg.setArg(b,mg.size());
622 private static final Float POINT_5_F = new Float(0.5f);
623 private static final Double POINT_5_D = new Double(0.5f);
624 private static final Long FFFFFFFF = new Long(0xffffffffL);
626 private int emitInstruction(int pc, int insn, int nextInsn) throws Exn {
627 MethodGen mg = this.mg; // smaller bytecode
628 if(insn == -1) throw new Exn("insn is -1");
632 int op = (insn >>> 26) & 0xff; // bits 26-31
633 int rs = (insn >>> 21) & 0x1f; // bits 21-25
634 int rt = (insn >>> 16) & 0x1f; // bits 16-20
635 int ft = (insn >>> 16) & 0x1f;
636 int rd = (insn >>> 11) & 0x1f; // bits 11-15
637 int fs = (insn >>> 11) & 0x1f;
638 int shamt = (insn >>> 6) & 0x1f; // bits 6-10
639 int fd = (insn >>> 6) & 0x1f;
640 int subcode = insn & 0x3f; // bits 0-5
641 int breakCode = (insn >>> 6) & 0xfffff; // bits 6-20
643 int jumpTarget = (insn & 0x03ffffff); // bits 0-25
644 int unsignedImmediate = insn & 0xffff;
645 int signedImmediate = (insn << 16) >> 16;
646 int branchTarget = signedImmediate;
698 if(pc == -1) throw new Exn("pc modifying insn in delay slot");
699 emitInstruction(-1,nextInsn,-1);
707 if(pc == -1) throw new Exn("pc modifying insn in delay slot");
708 emitInstruction(-1,nextInsn,-1);
721 // FEATURE: This is actually broken, but it happens to work for our code
722 // a func could theoretically jump back to here from a future point
723 restoreChangedRegs();
734 mg.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(me,"syscall",Type.INT,new Type[]{Type.INT,Type.INT,Type.INT,Type.INT,Type.INT,Type.INT,Type.INT}));
738 mg.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(me,"state",Type.INT));
744 mg.setArg(b1,mg.size());
747 mg.add(NEW,new Type.Object("org.ibex.nestedvm.Runtime$ExecutionException"));
749 mg.add(LDC,"BREAK Code " + toHex(breakCode));
750 mg.add(INVOKESPECIAL,new MethodRef(new Type.Object("org.ibex.nestedvm.Runtime$ExecutionException"),"<init>",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.STRING}));
784 mg.add(SWAP); //a(InstructionConstants.SWAP);
791 mg.add(SWAP); //a(InstructionConstants.SWAP);
798 mg.add(LDC,FFFFFFFF);
802 mg.add(LDC,FFFFFFFF);
844 mg.add(LDC,FFFFFFFF);
849 mg.add(LDC,FFFFFFFF);
866 mg.setArg(b1,mg.size());
871 throw new Exn("ADD (add with oveflow trap) not suported");
874 if(rt != 0 && rs != 0) {
886 throw new Exn("SUB (add with oveflow trap) not suported");
889 if(rt != 0 && rs != 0) {
924 if(rs != 0 || rt != 0) {
925 if(rs != 0 && rt != 0) {
946 b1 = mg.add(IF_ICMPLT);
949 mg.setArg(b1,mg.add(ICONST_1));
950 mg.setArg(b2,mg.size());
962 mg.add(LDC,FFFFFFFF);
966 mg.add(LDC,FFFFFFFF);
976 mg.setArg(b1,mg.add(ICONST_1));
977 mg.setArg(b2,mg.size());
984 throw new Exn("Illegal instruction 0/" + subcode);
991 if(pc == -1) throw new Exn("pc modifying insn in delay slot");
993 return doIfInstruction(IFLT,pc,pc+branchTarget*4+4,nextInsn);
995 if(pc == -1) throw new Exn("pc modifying insn in delay slot");
997 return doIfInstruction(IFGE,pc,pc+branchTarget*4+4,nextInsn);
999 if(pc == -1) throw new Exn("pc modifying insn in delay slot");
1002 emitInstruction(-1,nextInsn,-1);
1004 branch(pc,pc+branchTarget*4+4);
1005 mg.setArg(b1,mg.size());
1008 if(pc == -1) throw new Exn("pc modifying insn in delay slot");
1010 if(rs != 0) { // r0 is always >= 0
1014 emitInstruction(-1,nextInsn,-1);
1016 branch(pc,pc+branchTarget*4+4);
1017 if(b1 != -1) mg.setArg(b1,mg.size());
1018 if(b1 == -1) ret |= UNREACHABLE;
1021 throw new Exn("Illegal Instruction 1/" + rt);
1026 if(pc == -1) throw new Exn("pc modifying insn in delay slot");
1027 emitInstruction(-1,nextInsn,-1);
1028 branch(pc,(pc&0xf0000000)|(jumpTarget << 2));
1033 if(pc == -1) throw new Exn("pc modifying insn in delay slot");
1034 int target = (pc&0xf0000000)|(jumpTarget << 2);
1035 emitInstruction(-1,nextInsn,-1);
1042 if(pc == -1) throw new Exn("pc modifying insn in delay slot");
1044 emitInstruction(-1,nextInsn,-1);
1045 branch(pc,pc+branchTarget*4+4);
1047 } else if(rs == 0 || rt == 0) {
1048 pushReg(rt == 0 ? R+rs : R+rt);
1049 return doIfInstruction(IFEQ,pc,pc+branchTarget*4+4,nextInsn);
1053 return doIfInstruction(IF_ICMPEQ,pc,pc+branchTarget*4+4,nextInsn);
1057 if(pc == -1) throw new Exn("pc modifying insn in delay slot");
1060 return doIfInstruction(IFNE,pc,pc+branchTarget*4+4,nextInsn);
1063 return doIfInstruction(IF_ICMPNE,pc,pc+branchTarget*4+4,nextInsn);
1066 if(pc == -1) throw new Exn("pc modifying insn in delay slot");
1068 return doIfInstruction(IFLE,pc,pc+branchTarget*4+4,nextInsn);
1070 if(pc == -1) throw new Exn("pc modifying insn in delay slot");
1072 return doIfInstruction(IFGT,pc,pc+branchTarget*4+4,nextInsn);
1074 throw new Exn("ADDI (add immediate with oveflow trap) not suported");
1076 if(rs != 0 && signedImmediate != 0 && rs == rt && doLocal(rt) && signedImmediate >= -32768 && signedImmediate <= 32767) {
1077 // HACK: This should be a little cleaner
1078 regLocalWritten[rt] = true;
1079 mg.add(IINC, new MethodGen.Pair(getLocalForReg(rt),signedImmediate));
1082 addiu(rs,signedImmediate);
1089 mg.add(LDC,signedImmediate);
1090 b1 = mg.add(IF_ICMPLT);
1093 mg.setArg(b1,mg.add(ICONST_1));
1094 mg.setArg(b2,mg.size());
1101 mg.add(LDC,FFFFFFFF);
1103 // Yes, this is correct, you have to sign extend the immediate then do an UNSIGNED comparison
1104 mg.add(LDC,new Long(signedImmediate&0xffffffffL));
1110 mg.setArg(b1,mg.add(ICONST_1));
1111 mg.setArg(b2,mg.size());
1117 mg.add(LDC,unsignedImmediate);
1123 if(rs != 0 && unsignedImmediate != 0) {
1125 mg.add(LDC,unsignedImmediate);
1130 mg.add(LDC,unsignedImmediate);
1137 mg.add(LDC,unsignedImmediate);
1143 mg.add(LDC,unsignedImmediate << 16);
1147 throw new Exn("TLB/Exception support not implemented");
1156 if(fs != 31) throw new Exn("FCR " + fs + " unavailable");
1163 if(rt != 0) pushReg(R+rt);
1164 else mg.add(ICONST_0);
1168 if(fs != 31) throw new Exn("FCR " + fs + " unavailable");
1173 case 8: {// BC1F, BC1T
1175 mg.add(LDC,0x800000);
1177 return doIfInstruction(((insn>>>16)&1) == 0 ? IFEQ : IFNE,pc,pc+branchTarget*4+4,nextInsn);
1181 { // Single/Double math
1182 boolean d = rs == 17;
1185 preSetDouble(F+fd,d);
1188 mg.add(d ? DADD : FADD);
1192 preSetDouble(F+fd,d);
1195 mg.add(d ? DSUB : FSUB);
1199 preSetDouble(F+fd,d);
1202 mg.add(d ? DMUL : FMUL);
1206 preSetDouble(F+fd,d);
1209 mg.add(d ? DDIV : FDIV);
1213 preSetDouble(F+fd,d);
1214 // NOTE: We can't use fneg/dneg here since they'll turn +0.0 into -0.0
1217 mg.add(d ? DUP2 : DUP);
1218 mg.add(d ? DCONST_0 : FCONST_0);
1219 mg.add(d ? DCMPG : FCMPG);
1222 mg.add(d ? DCONST_0 : FCONST_0);
1229 mg.add(d ? DSUB : FSUB);
1231 mg.setArg(b1,mg.size());
1247 preSetDouble(F+fd,d);
1249 mg.add(d ? DNEG : FNEG);
1264 case 36: { // CVT.W.D
1265 MethodGen.TSI tsi = new MethodGen.TSI(0,3);
1271 mg.add(TABLESWITCH,tsi);
1273 // Round towards plus infinity
1274 tsi.setTarget(2,mg.size());
1275 if(!d) mg.add(F2D); // Ugh.. java.lang.Math doesn't have a float ceil/floor
1276 mg.add(INVOKESTATIC,new MethodRef("java.lang.Math","ceil",Type.DOUBLE,new Type[]{Type.DOUBLE}));
1281 tsi.setTarget(0,mg.size());
1282 mg.add(LDC,d ? (Object)POINT_5_D : (Object)POINT_5_F);
1283 mg.add(d ? DADD : FADD);
1286 // Round towards minus infinity
1287 tsi.setTarget(3,mg.size());
1289 mg.add(INVOKESTATIC,new MethodRef("java.lang.Math","floor",Type.DOUBLE,new Type[]{Type.DOUBLE}));
1292 tsi.setTarget(1,mg.size());
1293 tsi.setDefaultTarget(mg.size());
1294 mg.setArg(b1,mg.size());
1296 mg.add(d ? D2I : F2I);
1306 mg.add(LDC,~0x800000);
1310 mg.add(d ? DCMPG : FCMPG);
1312 case 50: b1 = mg.add(IFNE); break;
1313 case 60: b1 = mg.add(IFGE); break;
1314 case 62: b1 = mg.add(IFGT); break;
1317 mg.add(LDC,0x800000);
1319 mg.setArg(b1,mg.size());
1322 default: throw new Exn("Invalid Instruction 17/" + rs + "/" + subcode);
1326 case 20: { // Integer
1340 default: throw new Exn("Invalid Instruction 17/" + rs + "/" + subcode);
1345 throw new Exn("Invalid Instruction 17/" + rs);
1350 throw new Exn("coprocessor 2 and 3 instructions not available");
1353 addiu(R+rs,signedImmediate);
1373 addiu(R+rs,signedImmediate);
1393 addiu(R+rs,signedImmediate);
1397 mg.add(LDC,0x00ffffff);
1428 memRead(R+rs,signedImmediate);
1433 addiu(R+rs,signedImmediate);
1454 addiu(R+rs,signedImmediate);
1469 // chars are unsigend so this works
1476 addiu(R+rs,signedImmediate);
1480 mg.add(LDC,0xffffff00);
1509 addiu(R+rs,signedImmediate);
1516 mg.add(LDC,0xff000000);
1551 addiu(R+rs,signedImmediate);
1591 addiu(R+rs,signedImmediate);
1598 mg.add(LDC,0xffffff00);
1626 preMemWrite2(R+rs,signedImmediate);
1631 addiu(R+rs,signedImmediate);
1638 mg.add(LDC,0x00ffffff);
1663 // This need to be atomic if we ever support threads (see SWC0/SC)
1666 memRead(R+rs,signedImmediate);
1672 memRead(R+rs,signedImmediate);
1676 /* This needs to fail (set rt to 0) if the memory location was modified
1677 * between the LL and SC if we ever support threads.
1682 preMemWrite2(R+rs,signedImmediate);
1691 preMemWrite2(R+rs,signedImmediate);
1696 throw new Exn("Invalid Instruction: " + op + " at " + toHex(pc));
1701 // Helper functions for emitText
1703 private static final int R = 0;
1704 private static final int F = 32;
1705 private static final int HI = 64;
1706 private static final int LO = 65;
1707 private static final int FCSR = 66;
1708 private static final int REG_COUNT=67;
1709 private static final String[] regField = {
1710 "r0","r1","r2","r3","r4","r5","r6","r7",
1711 "r8","r9","r10","r11","r12","r13","r14","r15",
1712 "r16","r17","r18","r19","r20","r21","r22","r23",
1713 "r24","r25","r26","r27","r28","r29","r30","r31",
1714 "f0","f1","f2","f3","f4","f5","f6","f7",
1715 "f8","f9","f10","f11","f12","f13","f14","f15",
1716 "f16","f17","f18","f19","f20","f21","f22","f23",
1717 "f24","f25","f26","f27","f28","f29","f30","f31",
1720 private static final int MAX_LOCALS = 4; // doLocal can return true for this many regs
1721 private static final int LOAD_LENGTH = 3; // number of instructions needed to load a field to a reg
1723 // Local register state info
1724 private int[] regLocalMapping = new int[REG_COUNT];
1725 private boolean[] regLocalWritten = new boolean[REG_COUNT];
1726 private int nextAvailLocal;
1727 private int loadsStart;
1729 private boolean doLocal(int reg) {
1730 return reg == R+2 || reg == R+3 || reg == R+4 || reg == R+29;
1733 private int getLocalForReg(int reg) {
1734 if(regLocalMapping[reg] != 0) return regLocalMapping[reg];
1735 regLocalMapping[reg] = nextAvailLocal++;
1736 return regLocalMapping[reg];
1739 private void fixupRegsStart() {
1740 for(int i=0;i<REG_COUNT;i++) {
1741 regLocalMapping[i] = 0;
1742 regLocalWritten[i] = false;
1744 nextAvailLocal = onePage ? 4 : 5;
1745 loadsStart = mg.size();
1746 for(int i=0;i<MAX_LOCALS*LOAD_LENGTH;i++)
1750 private void fixupRegsEnd() {
1752 for(int i=0;i<REG_COUNT;i++) {
1753 if(regLocalMapping[i] == 0) continue;
1754 mg.set(p++,ALOAD_0);
1755 mg.set(p++,GETFIELD,new FieldRef(me,regField[i],Type.INT));
1756 mg.set(p++,ISTORE,regLocalMapping[i]);
1758 if(regLocalWritten[i]) {
1760 mg.add(ILOAD,regLocalMapping[i]);
1761 mg.add(PUTFIELD,new FieldRef(me,regField[i],Type.INT));
1766 private void restoreChangedRegs() {
1767 for(int i=0;i<REG_COUNT;i++) {
1768 if(regLocalWritten[i]) {
1770 mg.add(ILOAD,regLocalMapping[i]);
1771 mg.add(PUTFIELD,new FieldRef(me,regField[i],Type.INT));
1776 private int pushRegWZ(int reg) {
1778 warn.println("Warning: Pushing r0!");
1779 new Exception().printStackTrace(warn);
1781 return pushRegZ(reg);
1784 private int pushRegZ(int reg) {
1785 if(reg == R+0) return mg.add(ICONST_0);
1786 else return pushReg(reg);
1790 private int pushReg(int reg) {
1793 mg.add(ILOAD,getLocalForReg(reg));
1794 } else if(reg >= F+0 && reg <= F+31 && singleFloat) {
1796 mg.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(me,regField[reg],Type.FLOAT));
1797 mg.add(INVOKESTATIC,new MethodRef(Type.FLOAT_OBJECT,"floatToIntBits",Type.INT,new Type[]{Type.FLOAT}));
1800 mg.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(me,regField[reg],Type.INT));
1805 private int preSetRegStackPos;
1806 private int[] preSetRegStack = new int[8];
1808 // This can push ONE or ZERO words to the stack. If it pushed one it returns true
1809 private boolean preSetReg(int reg) {
1810 preSetRegStack[preSetRegStackPos] = reg;
1811 preSetRegStackPos++;
1820 private int setReg() {
1821 if(preSetRegStackPos==0) throw new RuntimeException("didn't do preSetReg");
1822 preSetRegStackPos--;
1823 int reg = preSetRegStack[preSetRegStackPos];
1826 mg.add(ISTORE,getLocalForReg(reg));
1827 regLocalWritten[reg] = true;
1828 } else if(reg >= F+0 && reg <= F+31 && singleFloat) {
1829 mg.add(INVOKESTATIC,new MethodRef(Type.FLOAT_OBJECT,"intBitsToFloat",Type.FLOAT,new Type[]{Type.INT}));
1830 mg.add(PUTFIELD,new FieldRef(me,regField[reg],Type.FLOAT));
1832 mg.add(PUTFIELD,new FieldRef(me,regField[reg],Type.INT));
1837 private int preSetPC() { return mg.add(ALOAD_0); }
1838 private int setPC() {
1839 return mg.add(PUTFIELD,new FieldRef(me,"pc",Type.INT));
1842 //unused - private InstructionHandle pushDouble(int reg) throws CompilationException { return pushDouble(reg,true); }
1843 private int pushFloat(int reg) throws Exn { return pushDouble(reg,false); }
1844 private int pushDouble(int reg, boolean d) throws Exn {
1845 if(reg < F || reg >= F+32) throw new IllegalArgumentException(""+reg);
1848 if(singleFloat) throw new Exn("Double operations not supported when singleFloat is enabled");
1849 if(reg == F+31) throw new Exn("Tried to use a double in f31");
1856 mg.add(LDC,FFFFFFFF);
1859 mg.add(INVOKESTATIC,new MethodRef(Type.DOUBLE_OBJECT,"longBitsToDouble",Type.DOUBLE,new Type[]{Type.LONG}));
1860 } else if(singleFloat) {
1862 mg.add(GETFIELD,new FieldRef(me,regField[reg],Type.FLOAT));
1865 mg.add(INVOKESTATIC,new MethodRef("java.lang.Float","intBitsToFloat",Type.FLOAT,new Type[]{Type.INT}));
1870 private void preSetFloat(int reg) { preSetDouble(reg,false); }
1871 private void preSetDouble(int reg) { preSetDouble(reg,true); }
1872 private void preSetDouble(int reg, boolean d) { preSetReg(reg); }
1874 private int setFloat() throws Exn { return setDouble(false); }
1875 private int setDouble() throws Exn { return setDouble(true); }
1876 private int setDouble(boolean d) throws Exn {
1877 int reg = preSetRegStack[preSetRegStackPos-1];
1878 if(reg < F || reg >= F+32) throw new IllegalArgumentException(""+reg);
1881 if(singleFloat) throw new Exn("Double operations not supported when singleFloat is enabled");
1882 if(reg == F+31) throw new Exn("Tried to use a double in f31");
1883 mg.add(INVOKESTATIC,new MethodRef(Type.DOUBLE_OBJECT,"doubleToLongBits",Type.LONG,new Type[]{Type.DOUBLE}));
1888 if(preSetReg(reg+1))
1892 setReg(); // preSetReg was already done for this by preSetDouble
1893 } else if(singleFloat) {
1894 // HACK: Clean this up
1895 preSetRegStackPos--;
1896 mg.add(PUTFIELD,new FieldRef(me,regField[reg],Type.FLOAT));
1898 //h = a(fac.createInvoke("java.lang.Float","floatToRawIntBits",Type.INT,new Type[]{Type.FLOAT},INVOKESTATIC));
1899 mg.add(INVOKESTATIC,new MethodRef(Type.FLOAT_OBJECT,"floatToRawIntBits",Type.INT,new Type[]{Type.FLOAT}));
1905 private void pushTmp() { mg.add(ILOAD_1); }
1906 private void setTmp() { mg.add(ISTORE_1); }
1908 private void addiu(int reg, int offset) {
1909 if(reg != R+0 && offset != 0) {
1913 } else if(reg != R+0) {
1919 private int memWriteStage;
1920 private void preMemWrite1() {
1921 if(memWriteStage!=0) throw new Error("pending preMemWrite1/2");
1931 private void preMemWrite2(int reg, int offset) {
1936 private void preMemWrite2() { preMemWrite2(false); }
1937 private void preMemWrite2(boolean addrInTmp) {
1938 if(memWriteStage!=1) throw new Error("pending preMemWrite2 or no preMemWrite1");
1941 if(nullPointerCheck) {
1945 mg.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(me,"nullPointerCheck",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.INT}));
1951 } else if(fastMem) {
1954 mg.add(LDC,pageShift);
1963 mg.add(LDC,(pageSize>>2)-1);
1968 // pops an address and value off the stack, sets *addr to value
1969 private void memWrite() {
1970 if(memWriteStage!=2) throw new Error("didn't do preMemWrite1 or preMemWrite2");
1975 } else if(fastMem) {
1978 mg.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(me,"unsafeMemWrite",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.INT,Type.INT}));
1983 // reads the word at r[reg]+offset
1984 private void memRead(int reg, int offset) {
1990 private boolean didPreMemRead;
1991 private boolean preMemReadDoPreWrite;
1993 private void preMemRead() { preMemRead(false); }
1994 private void preMemRead(boolean preWrite) {
1995 if(didPreMemRead) throw new Error("pending preMemRead");
1996 didPreMemRead = true;
1997 preMemReadDoPreWrite = preWrite;
2001 mg.add(ALOAD,preWrite ? 3 : 2);
2005 // memRead pops an address off the stack, reads the value at that addr, and pushed the value
2006 // preMemRead MUST be called BEFORE the addresses is pushed
2007 private void memRead() { memRead(false); }
2009 private void memRead(boolean addrInTmp) {
2010 if(!didPreMemRead) throw new Error("didn't do preMemRead");
2011 didPreMemRead = false;
2012 if(preMemReadDoPreWrite)
2015 if(nullPointerCheck) {
2019 mg.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(me,"nullPointerCheck",Type.VOID,new Type[]{Type.INT}));
2025 if(preMemReadDoPreWrite)
2028 } else if(fastMem) {
2031 mg.add(LDC,pageShift);
2040 mg.add(LDC,(pageSize>>2)-1);
2042 if(preMemReadDoPreWrite)
2047 if(preMemReadDoPreWrite)
2049 mg.add(INVOKEVIRTUAL,new MethodRef(me,"unsafeMemRead",Type.INT,new Type[]{Type.INT}));
2054 // This might come in handy for something else
2055 /*private boolean touchesReg(int insn, int reg) {
2056 if((reg < R+0 || reg >= R+32) && reg != FCSR) throw new IllegalArgumentException(""+reg);
2057 if(reg == R+0) return false; // r0 is never modified
2058 int op = (insn >>> 26) & 0xff; // bits 26-31
2059 int subcode = insn & 0x3f; // bits 0-5
2060 int rd = (insn >>> 11) & 0x1f; // bits 11-15
2061 int rt = (insn >>> 16) & 0x1f; // bits 16-20
2062 int rs = (insn >>> 21) & 0x1f; // bits 21-25
2066 if(subcode >= 0 && subcode <= 7) return reg == R+rd; // Shift ops
2067 if(subcode >= 32 && subcode <= 43) return reg == R+rd; // Other math ops
2068 if(subcode >= 24 && subcode <= 27) return reg == HI || reg == LO; // MULT/DIV
2070 case 13: return false; // BREAK
2073 case 0: return reg == R+rt; // MFC.1
2074 case 2: return reg == R+rt; // CFC.1
2075 case 4: return false; // MTC.1
2076 case 6: return false; // CTC.1
2079 if(subcode == 50 || subcode == 60 || subcode == 62) return reg == FCSR;
2080 return false; // everything else just touches f0-f31
2081 case 20: return false; // Integer - just touches f0-f31
2085 if(op >= 8 && op <= 15) return reg == R+rt; // XXXI instructions
2086 if(op >= 40 && op <= 46) return false; // Memory WRITE ops
2087 if(op == 49) return reg == F+rt; // LWC1
2088 if(op == 57) return false; // SWC1
2091 warn.println("Unknown instruction in touchesReg()- assuming it modifies all regs " + op + " " + subcode);
2092 new Exception().fillInStackTrace().printStackTrace(warn);